D0ERIN6 SITE

Figure 22.-Graph showing comparative ^{projectile point} stratigraphy of Doering and Kobs sites. Diagonal ^hatching,upper ^level types; blank, Gary Stemmedtype; dotted area, other lower and middle level types.

216

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ADDICKS

BASIN

— ^WHEAT 217

218

turbances caused

by

rodent action or the digging of burial or other pitsduringthe

normal

course ofliving

on

thesite.

Regardless of the interpretation given to the seemingly aberrant early occurrences of the Perdiz Pointed

Stem

points, once the small points

became

firmly established they quickly replaced the larger, heavier

Gary Stemmed group

in favor

and

comprise 66 percent of theformsrecovered

from

the

upper

levels.

Turning now

tothe

Kobs

site, it

may

be notedthat stratigraphically the

most

important factor is the continuation of the trend observed inthe

upper

levelsofthe

Doering

site,the

growing dominance

of the small projectile points. Indeed, in the

uppermost

level this trend results in

an

almost complete replacement of the

Gary Stemmed and

associated point types.

Below

level 60-75 inthe sand knoll, too

few

points wererecovered to constitute satisfactory evidence. This is notsurprising

when

it is recalled that below this level occupation

must

have been

on

a some-

what

intermittent basis, since it did not result in the formation of a true

midden

deposit.

The

majority of the 11 points

from

the sand knoll are of the

Gary Stemmed

^type.

On

the basis of the projectile pointsalone,thelowerlevelsof the

Kobs

site

would

equatetemporally withlevels45-60

and

30-45 of the

Doering

site;buttheoccurrence of Tchefuncte

Stamped

trade

ware

in the

same

horizon renders this interpretation unsatisfactory.

On

the whole, it seems best to reserve

judgment on

thismatter.

In

the lowest level of the

midden

deposit, however, the Perdiz Pointed

Stem and

associatedtypes comprise 25 percent of all points

found

;the

Gary Stemmed

group,43percent;

and

miscellaneousmiddle level types comprise the remaining percentage.

In

the top level, the Perdiz Pointed

Stem and

cognate forms constitute 98 percent of the total points, having almost entirely replaced the larger types of the lower^levels.

DISCUSSION

By

regrouping into graphic

form

the comparative stratigraphic data for the

Doering and Kobs

sites, contained in table 5, the nature of the sequence

may

be

more

clearly visualized (fig. 22).

The

re-

placementofearlier

expanding stemmed

forms

by

the

Gary Stemmed

type,

and

the appearance

and growing predominance

of the

Alba

Barbed, Perdiz Pointed Stem,

and

associated types, offer a criterion of relative chronology. Disregarding, for the

moment,

the three Perdiz Pointed

Stem

occurrences

from

below level 15-30 at the

Doering

site, the

most

obvious correlation is between level 15-30,

Doering

site,

and

level 60-75,

Kobs

site. This correlation is largely borne out

by

a comparison of the relative percentages of the

Gary

Stemmed

forms

from

the

two

sites. If, however, the level 60-75

pip.Na'l]"'''

ADDICKS

BASIN

— ^WHEAT 219

appearanceof the Perdiz Pointed

Stem

is not fortuitous,thecorrela- tion

would

bebetweenlevel60-75 ateachsite.

For

the

most

part,the

first correlationseems the

more

likely one.

No

adequate assessment of site

42/66A6-4

or of the Grisbee site is possible because of the limited nature of the testing operations carried on. Tentatively, however, they

may

be equated with the

Kobs and Doering

sites, using the appearance of the Perdiz Pointed

Stem

type as

an

arbitrary criterion of temporal equality.

On

^this

basis, level 30-45 of site

42/66A6-4 and

level 45-60 of the Grisbee site (see table 3)

would

equate with level 60-75 of the

Kobs

site

and

level 15-30 or level 60-75 of the

Doering

site, depending

upon

the interpretation giventhe lowest stratigraphical occurrence of the Per- diz Pointed

Stem

pointsthere.

The

occurrences of projectilepoint types such as the Clovis Fluted

(?), Scottsbluff (?),

and

Plainview points,

and

those resemblingthe

Nebo

Hill points (Provisional

Type

16), in the

Addicks

Basin sites present themselves as an interesting problem but, nevertheless, are

somewhat

^apart

from

the

main

chronological story.

With

the excep- tion of the

two

resemblingthe

Nebo

Hill points, there isonly one of eachtype,

and

oneof these,thePlainview point,did not occurincon- text but rather in the stream bed.

Whether

it

washed

out of the midden,

and

ifso,

from what

level,orwhetherit

may

have eroded out of the clay below the midden, cannot be answered. It is perhaps significant that the Clovis Fluted _{( ?})

and

the Scottsbluff _{( ? )} points both occur in level 90-105,

and

the Provisional

Type

16

(Nebo

Hill _{( ? ))} pointsinthe

Kobs

sitesandknoll. Regardless ofthis,

how-

ever, their chronological significance will remain obscure until they are

found

in a pure site or in sufficient concentration

and

in context toprove

them

Paleo-Indian, oruntila

body

ofdataisgatheredwhich demonstrates

them

tobe a

minor

butconsistent

component

of thelithic

complex of the Southeastern Archaic. Until this situation has been resolved,it isbest to lend littleweightto their presence.

The most

secure chronological tie of theprojectile sequence lies in the

upper

level appearanceof

arrow

points thathave been dated else-

where

following different lines of evidence.^^

The

arrival of the Perdiz Pointed

Stem and

relatedpointsprobably

was

not before 1450 A. D.

Once

they were introduced, they rapidly replaced the larger

and

heavier dart points of the middle

and

lower levels.

Going

back intime

from

the

upper

level,themostsignificantfactoristhe decreas- ing frequency of a miscellaneous

group

of parallel-sided

and

expand- ing-stemmedprojectilepoints

whose

distribution,

where known,

seems to be primarily

among

the earlier horizons of the Southeast.

The

"Kelley, 1947 a, p. 127, uses a minimum date of 1500 A. D. Krieger, 1947, personal conference, dates the Alba Barbed andPerdiz Pointed Stem at circa 1450 A.D.