Appendix 8: Document Review Appendix 9: Curriculum Vitae
D. Data Collection Techniques
One of the research activities is data collection. Data collection activities are carried out using certain techniques and using certain tools which are often called research instruments. The data obtained from the process are then collected, organized, analyzed to become information that can explain a phenomenon or the relationship between phenomena. Data collection techniques are the most strategic step in research because the main purpose of research is to obtain data. This study was collected by:
1. Observation
Observation is a conscious effort to collect data in a systematic, standardized procedure. According to Margono53, observation is a systematic observation and recording of the symptoms that appear on the object of research. In this study, non-participant observation was used in data collection, because in this case the researcher came to the place where the learning was carried out, but without being involved in the learning activity. The data obtained from these observations are:
a. The implementation of teaching reading skill through GIST strategy at 8th grade of MTs ASHRI Jember
b. The obstacle and solution in implementation of teaching reading skill through GIST strategy at 8th grade of MTs ASHRI Jember.
2. Interview
An interview is a meeting of two people to exchange information and ideas through question and answer so that meaning can be constructed in a particular topic. Thus, interview is an attempt to dig up information orally by interacting directly with two or more people.
The interview used by this researcher is an unstructured interview because in the implementation the researcher only determines the points that will be questioned. The technique used in this research interview was based on the following considerations: the method used was flexible, so that the materials for the questions that were informed were informed
53 Margono, Metode Penelitian Pendidikan, (Jakarta : Rineka Cipta, 2000), 203
easily and more objectively, and occurred directly with the informants, resulting in intimate and communicative interactions. In this research, the researcher interviewed an English teacher and also as deputy head of curriculum at MTs ASHRI named Mrs. Chusnul Khotimah as a teacher and informant who applied the GIST Strategy in grade 8b and 6 students in grade 8B as subjects in this study.
In this interview the researcher involved several informants to obtain the data obtained including:
a. The implementation of GIST Strategy in teaching reading skill at 8th grade of MTs ASHRI Jember
b. The obstacle and solution in implementation of GIST Strategy in teaching reading skill at 8th grade of MTs ASHRI Jember
In this study, the researcher interviewed an English teacher and also at MTs ASHRI named Mrs. Chusnul Khotimah as a teacher and informant who applied the GIST Strategy in grade 8b and 6 students in grade 8B as subjects in this study.
3. Documentation
Documentation is a method for finding data regarding variable matters in the form of notes, transcripts, magazines, inscriptions, books, newspapers, minutes of meetings, agendas, calendars and so on. The data to be obtained by the documentation method are: about the state of the students, the state of the teacher when teaching, the state of facilities and infrastructure, the structure of the institution, the vision, mission, history
of the founding of MTs ASHRI Jember and the implementation of the GIST Strategy in class 8 B54.
The data to be obtained by documentation techniques are as follows:
a. Document data from the implementation of the GIST Strategy in Teaching Reading skills at 8th grade of MTs ASHRI Jember
b. Profile of MTs ASHRI Jember
c. Vision and Mission of MTs ASHRI Jember d. Photos of research-related activities
e. Lesson Plane f. Research Focus E. Data Analysis
Data analysis in qualitative research is an activity that is carried out continuously during the research, starting from data collection to the stage of report writing. Therefore, in qualitative research data collection and data analysis are not two separate things as is done in quantitative research. This means that data collection and data analysis are carried out simultaneously.
During the research process a researcher is constantly analyzing the data.55
54 Suharsini Arikunto, Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktek, (Jakarta:Renikacipta, 2002), 206
55 Umrati dan Hengki Wijaya, Analisis Data Kualitatif Teori Konsep Dalam Penelitian Pendidikan, (Makassar : Sekolah Tinggi Theologia Jaffray, 2020), 115
This study uses descriptive qualitative data analysis with an interactive model in accordance with Miles and Hubermen's 56theory, namely: data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing and verification,
1. Data Condensation
Data condesation is a process to summarize, choose the main things, focus on the important things, simplify, and transform the data obtained by classifying the data.This condensed data is in the form of analysis that sharpens, focuses, discards, and organizes the data in such a way that final conclusions can be drawn and verified.
At this data condensation stage, the researcher read the data first, then takes and writes the important points, then arranges them systematically and detail.
2. Data Display
The next step after this data is reduced is to present the data.
Presentation of data can be done in the form of brief, charts, relationship between categories, flowcharts and types. Through presenting the data, it is organized, arranged in a relationship pattern, so that it will be easier to understand.
The point of this is to present the data in detail and systematically after analysis into an archived format. However, the information presented is still in temporary form for a long time, which is for the benefit of the researcher about further revisions, to achieve a level of validity. If it turns
56 Matthew B. Miles, A. Michael Huberman. Qualitative Data Analysis, (Los Angles: SAGE Publications, Inc.) 2014
out that the information that has been checked has been checked, then it can proceed to the step of understanding the previous conclusions.
However, if it turns out that the information provided is not important, then conclusions cannot be drawn, but data reduction must be carried out again.
In this study, after condensing the data, the researcher display the data in the form of the summary results which are arranged based on the relationship between the categories in the research stages. Then read and understand to find the results and conclusions
3. Conclusion, Drawing/Verification
The last step of data analysis is making data conclusions and data verification. From the beginning of data collection, someone analyzes qualitatively starting from noting the terms of explanation, possible configurations, propositions and advantages/disadvantages. The conclusion of the data in this study is in accordance with the formulation of the problem that has been found. The data that has been described are then concluded in general terms.
The conclusion from the data analysis by Miles, Hubermen (2014) that all data obtained by researcher is arranged systematically, so it will be easer to understand by oneself and others by using three steps, namely:
data condensation which refers to the process of selecting, focusing, simplifying, abstracting and transforming data. Presentation of data in the form of a brief description that explains the Implementation of GIST
Strategy in Teaching Reading Skill. And the last one is drawing conclusions.
At this stage, the researcher found the results and conclusions from implementing the GIST Strategy based on the data display. Then the researcher writes the results and conclusions obtained from the data.