ﺔﱠﻨَﺠْﻟﺎِﺑ
A. Tuban Regency’s Geographic Location, Demographic Conditions and the PA’s Area of Jurisdiction
2. Demographic Conditions
14 Tuban Latsari 3/14 7 102 351
15 Jenu Beji 17 51 81 225
16 Merakurak Sambonggede 19 51 101 378
17 Kerek Margomulyo 17 43 78 334
18 Tambakboyo Sobontoro 18 42 65 217
19 Jatirogo Wotsogo 18 59 104 362
20 Bancar Banjarejo 24 69 83 285
Total Amount 20 328 909 1,749 6,683
Based on the table above, it can be ascertained that the average population growth rate in Tuban Regency is 1.82% with a population density of 618 people per km2. Regarding population distribution in each of the districts can be observed in detail in the following table:230
Table IV.3.
Population Distribution in Districts in 2008
No. District Land Area
(km2)
Total Population (people)
Average Population Density/km2
1 Kenduruan 85.73 27,188 317
2 Bangilan 77.27 51,836 671
3 Senori 78.39 42,014 536
4 Singgahan 79.05 39,253 497
5 Montong 147.98 52,035 350
6 Parengan 114.45 52,928 459
7 Soko 96.88 84,555 832
8 Rengel 58.52 58,092 985
9 Grabagan 54.13 36,450 674
10 Plumpang 86.52 77,324 890
11 Widang 107.14 47,396 443
12 Palang 72.70 78,032 1,026
13 Semanding 120.99 94,278 774
14 Tuban 21.29 81,268 3,820
15 Jenu 81.61 49,576 597
16 Merakurak 103.77 54,178 522
17 Kerek 136.55 64,141 470
18 Tambakboyo 72.97 38,673 530
19 Jatirogo 111.98 54,029 479
20 Bancar 112.36 54,462 485
Total Amount 1,839.94 1,137,708 618
230Ibid., 40-41.
The above explanation provides an actual illustration that Tuban Regency has reached a significant level of population density. Even in approximately ten to twenty years to come Tuban will have reached a level of population density that is predicted to increase rapidly. It is predicted the rate of growth is in accordance to the flow of migrating population from outside the region who are seeking commercial economic resources along with the development of Tuban Regency’s industrial area that began in the early 90s as an extension of the Surabaya city and its surrounding industrial areas.231
Based on its geographical position, Tuban Regency is distributed into three areas: (1) shoreline area; (2) semi shoreline area; and (3) inland area.
The villages in the shoreline area are dense residential areas with patterns of communality bonds that are relatively different to residents living along the limestone mountain areas in the south part of Tuban. The shore residents are more open or blak-blakan and are notorious for shopping (lagi along). Other characters that usually signify shore residents are that they have a cosmopolitan cultural motif and are permissive to changes.232
The second area, i.e. semi shoreline area, has most of its population working as seasonal fishermen, if they are no longer busied by work in cultivated or dry fields. To these people, going out to sea is not the main occupation, it is merely a part time job to fill in the period gap after planting paddy or harvest is done.233
The third one is the inland area, in which most of its inhabitants work by planting in lush agricultural fields or in arid land areas. However, there are also those who devote themselves to cultivating inland fisheries
231Thubany et.al.., Partisipasi., 40-41.
232Ibid., 42-43.
233Ibid., 43.
because there are quite a few who’ve succeeded in making it into a reliable profession to support the family livelihood.234
The following is a table explaining the number of inhabitants above 15 years of age who are working according to their main types of employment:235
Table IV. 4.
The Number of Population above 15 Years Old who are Employed According to the Main Sectors of Employment in 2008
No. Main Sectors of Employment 2006 2007 2008
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
1 Agricultural Farming 271,507 270,199 296,236
2 Mining and Quarry 15,578 18,120 25,058
3 Industry 55,223 55,473 32,853
4 Constructions 27,120 26,275 27,842
5 Trade 84,826 83,300 96,889
6 Transportation & Communication 21,116 18,907 20,603
7 Services 37,367 40,932 49,558
8 Others 4,813 6,046 7,795
Total Amount 517,550 519,342 556,834
Based on the table above, it is observed that the main type of employment favoured by the population is farming. This is because of the aptness of Tuban’s land conditions that is indeed dominated by agricultural land, both cultivated land or dry land, and plantation. Therefore, this also means that the majority of the Tuban population works in the agricultural sector. Actually, the agricultural sector is inappropriate and doesn’t need to be relied on, bearing in mind that Tuban’s regional condition is relatively arid.Hence, the condition of the available agricultural lands is mostly
234Ibid.
235Seksi Statistik Neraca Wilayah dan Analisis Statistik (ed.), Kabupaten Tuban., 44.
usable only to cultivate plants that are suitable for dry land and dependent on rainfall.236
Nevertheless, the choice to work as a farmer is included as one of the solution for some residents who have low education level and are not accommodated in the industrial sector or other sectors which demand specification of special expertise. The residents who live along the shoreline areas generally work as fishermen because the marine sector also do not demand special expertise, what is most important is the courage to roam the turbulent waves of the ocean. Unfortunately, in the marine sector, most fishermen in the Tuban area remain using traditional catching tools, and have not developed in the direction of marine exploitation which utilizes sophisticated catching equipment supported by a modern marine produce management system in the process.237
Additionally, regarding transportation, for residents living in district level regions it is no longer an issue, in terms of transport facilities and viable roads that are run by public transport. This is because each district already has asphalt roads and public transports provide daily service to commuters from villages who intend to travel to the regencies. Conversely, some residents living in remote villages still experience a little difficulty in access to mobility going in and out of their regions due to the lack of land transportation and communication facilities available there.238
In most of the literatures it is said that Tuban is a regency with a relatively old age of history. According to existing historical records, this city of saints (wali) was built along with the history of the early develop- ment of the prominent Kingdom of Mojopahit. To be specific, this shore city of trade with its old wharf (Bom) was established on the 12th of November 1293, which is the date of the promotion of Ronggolawe Regent
236Thubany et.al.,Partisipasi., 51.
237Ibid.
238Ibid., 43.
as Adipati Manca Negarain Kadipaten Tuban.239Furthermore, Tuban was also the centre for the proliferation of Islamic teaching, in which it got its name as the city of saints. Hence it is not surprising if the majority of its population are Muslims. Additionally, Tuban is also well known for having many Islamic boarding schools.240
Regarding education level, generally elementary school (SD) graduates are the majority. Meaning the number of SD graduates who continued to the intermediate school (SMP) level are much smaller than the number of SD graduates, and so forth up to the higher education (SMA or university) level. However, this condition continues to improve since 2007 –although it is also accompanied by the increase in population- i.e.
the number of SD graduates continuing to higher education level is rising.
Therefore, most of the school graduates in the population of Tuban from 2006 and prior is dominated by SD graduates.241
In addition to that, the waxing and waning of economic and social conditions in Tuban Regency is heavily influenced by the issue of social welfare, which is an unending national issue in Indonesia. The following is a table on the number of people with social welfare issues in 2005 – 2008:242
Table IV .5.
People with Social Welfare Issues according to its Types in 2005-2008
No. Type 2005 2006 2007 2008
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
1 Abandoned Children 5,302 5,937 7,692 7,719
2 Child Delinquents 402 814 501 506
239Ibid., 42.
240See Seksi Statistik Neraca Wilayah dan Analisis Statistik (ed.), Kabupaten Tuban., 82, 83,85.
241Ibid., 62-63 and Seksi Statistik Neraca Wilayah dan Analisis Statistik (ed.), Kabupaten Tuban dalam Angka (Tuban: BPS Kabupaten Tuban, 2005), 64-65.
242Ibid., 90.
3 Prostitutes 252 287 - -
4 Vagrants 151 176 367 151
5 Victims of drug abuse 72 91 62 55
6 Disabled 2,348 2,438 5,782 5,783
7 Ex-sufferer of chronic disease
3,546 3,582 1,449 1,451 8 Abandoned senior
citizens 5,465 6,005 3,320 3,250
9 Socially economically
vulnerable women 6,980 7,695 9,193 9,148
10 Poor families 90,940 102,215 102,188 102,098 11 Family with unlivable
housing 4,440 4,390 5,416 5,417
12 Victims of natural disasters and other calamities
- - - -
13 Street children 166 92 149 304
14 Ex-convicts 246 261 210 225
15 Family with Socio- psychological problems
324 444 31 34
16 Community living in
disaster prone areas 5,230 5,256 2,496 1,891
17 Psychotic vagrants 17 12 12 27
18 Disabled children 892 929 1,381 1,429
19 Female victims of violence
2 1 2 14 20 Senior citizen as
victims of violence
1 - - -
21 HIV/ AIDS patient 1 - - -
22 Vulnerable families 10,386 10,914 8,041 8,068
Based on the above table it can be observed that several categories of people with social welfare issues are quite high. Among these categories are poor families, vulnerable families, abandoned children, abandoned senior citizens, socially economically vulnerable women, family with un- livable housing, and family living in disaster prone areas. This shows that
the amount of population undergoing economic hardship is quite signi- ficant.