CHAPTER II. LITERATURE REVIEW
C. Digital Storytelling
1. Definition of Digital Storytelling
Digital Storytelling is a storytelling technique using digital software help in which there are combined images, audio, text, and video. Digital storytelling or digital fairy tale is a story of someone about his life, other people, family and friends, and society, written and spoken by the relevant experience or observations. Digital storytelling is a film that is personal and short duration. This media uses images and narration (which is read by the narrator or storyteller) to deliver a simple story.
Generally, digital storytelling 2-3 minutes and uses around 30 digital images or photos. Digital Storytelling can also be made with moving images (movies or video clips), but with a photo or silent image making it easier. The principle is the message you want to deliver can be achieved appropriately. Boa-ventura, (2010) stated the following in the title article "Making News with Digital Stories: Citizen Journalism Using Digital Storytelling"
explained: "If we take the term "digital storytelling" at face value, it simply refers to the use of computer-based tools that enable the digital manipulation of content, which can be audio, text, still images, or moving images. " So, it can be concluded with digital storytelling definition in the opinion of experts is a telling technique using the help of digital software in which there are combined images, audio, text, and videos. According to Robin (2008) in his writing entitled "The Educational Uses of Digital Storytelling" Explaining Digital Storytelling Includes: (1) Digital Storytelling Type; (2) Digital Storytelling as a learning media for teachers; and (3) using digital storytelling to teach students.
2. Types of Digital Storytelling
Robin, (2008) mention that there are three types of digital storytelling. The types of digital storytelling are as follows.
“Although there are many various sorts of digital storytelling, the most common ones may be classified into three groups: 1) personal narratives–stories about key events in a person's life; 2) historical documentaries–stories about dramatic occurrences that can help us in comprehending the past and 3) stories intended to enlighten or instruct the spectator on a certain topic or practice.
Based on the quote above, there are 3 main types of digital storytelling, so the type of digital storytelling that will be developed by the researcher, namely digital storytelling, is the third kind, specifically digital storytelling, which is employed to give students information from the media.
3. Digital Storytelling as Learning Media for Students The use of digital storytelling has the potential to be used in facilitating learning, digital storytelling also has a good influence on students. The use of digital storytelling can make a teaching method that attracts and maintains students' attention to learning
because digital storytelling is very effective for use in the learning process. This is indicated by several expert opinions as follows: according to Robin (2008) stated that they “have demonstrated using multimedia in the classroom helps students remember new information and comprehend challenging content.
And educators may use Digital Storytelling as a significant tool in their classrooms."
Teacher-generated digital stories can be applied to enhance recent lessons in a larger set, as a means to facilitate conversation about the stories presented by topics, and as a means to make conceptual or abstract content easier to understand. Although many educators continue to miss the cohesive integration of multimedia into their teaching, more and more instructors are eager to explore ways to engage their students by adding image, sound, and video components to their teaching. This study shows the use of multimedia in teaching will help students retain new information, along with assistance in understanding difficult material (Kogila et al., 2020).
According to Small's research information read on a screen will survive longer in memory. Furthermore, reading on a screen speeds up the process of neurons connecting in the brain. This is one of the reasons that digital multimedia storytelling is suitable for use as a learning tool."Digital storytelling has the potential to improve classroom teaching and learning." As a result, many teachers plan to use technology in their classes’ at all educational levels, from K-12 to higher education. When digital storytelling is integrated into the classroom, it may be a powerful teaching tool for attracting and retaining students (Sadik, 2008).
4. Aspects of Digital Storytelling
In digital storytelling, seven important aspects should at least be present as suggested by (Robin, 2008). Center for Digital Storytelling Seven Elements of Digital Storytelling:
a. A viewpoint what is the story's main point, and what does the researcher think?
b. A tense question is an important question that will be resolved after the narrative and will hold the audience's interest.
c. Important issues with an emotional impact that is vividly and powerfully brought to life connect the audience to the narrative.
d. The gift of your voice is a technique to personalize the narrative and let the viewer understand the setting.
e. The impact of the music or other sound effects that assist and enhance the plot.
f. Economy merely utilizes the appropriate quantity of content to deliver the tale without overwhelming the viewer.
g. Pacing the story's rhythm and how slowly or rapidly it moves.