1. Learning goals and success criteria: Any great lesson begins with clear goals for what students need to know and be able to do. Goals, coupled with criteria for success, should be communicated to students in a manner that clarifies our expectations and serves as a guide for self-assessment. 2. Compelling content and products: Beyond discrete standards, teachers have the opportunity to use content and performance expectations to create real-world problems or situations for students to solve. Learning experiences that offer authentic, interdisciplinary tasks provide relevance and promote curiosity for students.3. Collaborative culture: Learning is social, and the purposeful inclusion of collaboration throughout the learning process is highly engaging for students. There are endless design options for collaboration, including flexible groups, partners, peer tutoring, Socratic seminars, academic discussion, and online experts.4. Student empowerment: Students’ ownership of their learning increases exponentially when they’re given choice over how to show mastery or create a final product or performance, including using digital tools and resources. Additionally, inviting students to provide input into what they learn and how they engage with content allows them to play the role of co-designer.5.
Intentional instruction: Evidence-based strategies should be carefully selected in order to have the greatest impact on the learning goals. One such strategy is the gradual release of responsibility (GRR) model, which provides structure for direct instruction and modeling (“show them”) and guided practice on a task (“help them”), before students attempt it independently (“let them”).6. Authentic tools and resources: Students should have access to a variety of tools and resources, both print and digital, throughout the learning process and when creating products to demonstrate their learning. Providing a variety of tools offers students choice and emphasizes process over product. Digital strategies such as blended learning and flipped classrooms offer rich experiences that are highly engaging and honor how students like to learn and create.7. Focus on literacy: Regardless of the content, reading, writing, and speaking should be incorporated into every learning experience.
Expose students to multiple texts, primary and secondary sources, and online
resources. Engage students in opportunities to write often example, by assigning lab reports, technical manuals, narrative stories, research summaries, opinion papers, or interactive notebooks.8. Feedback for learning: Throughout the learning experience, there are feedback loops to give students guidance on their progress toward the learning goals. This feedback can be teacher-to-student, student-to-student, or self- assessment. Feedback is formative and provides students with the safety and security of knowing they can take risks and try new things without fear of failure.72
Speaking is one of difficult skill in English many people have their own problem when there are speak or learn English at the first time such as Difficulties in getting meaning or understanding the conversation , Vocabularies , Pronunciation , shy , Afraid in making mistakes in meaning or content of their speaking. The students‟ problems in speaking English above are caused by some factors. revealed that students usually found difficulties in speaking because of some factors, such as confidence, listeners support, students‟ listening ability, and pressure to perform well. These factors influencing them to speak English especially to speak English in front of class. Then, response from the audiences whether their attention, respect, and appreciation influence students to perform well in speaking English.73 Some of these factors are related to the students themselves, the teaching strategies, the curriculum, and the environment. Factor that is related to the students is for example, the students have lack vocabularies, difficult to get meaning or understand the conversations, and keep the interaction going. Motivation is also a factor that causes students having difficulties in speaking English as a foreign language. Some students usually have low motivation to speak English. One of the problems of students in learning English is speaking.
There are some problems in English speaking the first, mispronunciation.
This often happens when students experience the release vocabulary correctly. This
72 Lissa pijanowski. 2018. Teaching strategy:8 principles of deeper learning.Edutopia.
73 Tuan, Nguyen Hoang. Factors Affecting Students‟ Speaking Performance at Le Thanh Hien High School. Available at Asian Journal of Educational Research vo.3 No.2. 2015:
http://www.multidisciplinaryjournals .com.
is based on mastery of vocabulary. If students speak without regard to pronunciation of course students will have difficulty in conveying something. In this case, students must be able to memorize master vocabulary, pronunciation, apply and keep the repeating the vocabulary that has been understood. The second, poor vocabulary, vocabulary is the main foundation in speaking. The more vocabulary that is known, the more comfortable and pleasant to express an opinion, if students are at the beginner level. The third, grammatical error in speaking, students can experience errors especially in composing sentences correctly. This is inseparable from the grammar material that has been learned. Their afraid and shy to getting mistake or some of them are difficulty in arranging the sentence and sometimes they get trouble in constructing the phrases and sentence. These difficulties were supported by a research finding about non- language factors, which showed that ninety-five percent of students said that they had difficulty speaking because they were afraid of making errors in class, they had no idea what to say, they were not confident and comfortable if they made mistakes, and they were not interested with the topics that are given by the lecturers.74
From here the researcher argues that to improve speaking skills in the classroom, the application of the seven rules of A.J Hoge is an alternative to make learning activities in the classroom more effective and active. In addition, all informants highly recommend and recommend the application of the seven rules A.J Hoge method to all people who want to learn and improve their speaking skills, especially beginners who want to learn English speaking. This is because the language use and the language style of the A.J Hoge channel is very easy to understand, concise and precise. So it's not uncommon for viewers to suggest watching this channel. Plus pronunciation, intonation and mimic to express so as to convince the audience to carry out step by step the seven rules of A.J Hoge.
74 Taiqin, Dong. 1995. I can try it at least: A strategy for Effective Inter-Class Oral Communication. English Teaching Forum. p.33
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