CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
B. Suggestions
Considering to the result of the research, the researcher would like to give some suggestions to the English teachers and English students, especially about learning the elliptical construction as follow:
1. According to the findings, it can be seen that the students still have some difficulties in composing elliptical constructions, therefore they should pay more attention on their study of grammar, especially elliptical constructions in the way of completing the part of sentence as it becomes an aspect of most dominant error (omission) they have commited.
2. The teacher should give more exercises in applying elliptical constructions not only by giving the theory of it. Because, the results showed that the students seem not quite understand how to differenciate the use either auxiliary or elliptical connector in elliptical constructions.
3. Teacher could apply a method where he/she explains the correct uses of auxiliaries and elliptical connectors, gives examples of the usage, and tests the students understanding which will make sure that the students really
understand it. Otherwise, the students will face difficulties in choosing the most appropriate one.
47
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http://perpus.iainsalatiga.ac.id/ on February 9, 2016.
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Wiratna, A.M. 2013. Error Analysis on Elliptical Constructions Made by The Eleventh Grade Students of Sma Muhammadiyah Plus Salatiga In Academic Year of 2012/2013. Retrieved from http://perpus.iainsalatiga.ac.id/ on February 9, 2016.
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A
LIST OF SAMPLE
The Fourth Semester Students Of English Department (Subject Of The Research)
NO NAME CLASS STUDENTS’ CODE
1. HQR IV. A A.1
2. DM IV. A A.2
3. S IV. A A.3
4. M IV. A A.4
5.. MK IV. A A.5
6. AMTB IV. B B.1
7. N IV. B B.2
8. AA IV. B B.3
9. DN IV. B B.4
10. I IV. B B.5
11. RDI IV. C C.1
12. S IV. C C.2
13. H IV. C C.3
14. SDP IV. C C.4
15. AM IV. C C.5
16. LAA IV. D D.1
17. AN IV. D D.2
18. N IV. D D.3
19. HH IV. D D.4
20. S IV. D D.5
21. WS IV. E E.1
22. A IV. E E.2
23. J IV. E E.3
24. D IV. E E.4
25. WJ IV. E E.5
26. RA IV. E E.6
27. H IV. F F.1
28. S IV. F F.2
29. SM IV. F F.3
30. AWWA IV. F F.4
31. MTD IV. G G.1
32. A IV. G G.2
33. HS IV. G G.3
34. DAJ IV. G G.4
35. OW IV. G G.5
36. HA IV. H H.1
37. N IV. H H.2
38. N IV. H H.3
39. W IV. H H.4
40. M IV. H H.5
41. NS IV. I I.1
42. N IV. I I.2
43. NW IV. I I.3
44. ANK IV. I I.4
45. IM IV. I I.5
46. RAS IV. J J.1
47. R IV. J J.2
48. N IV. J J.3
49. NCK IV. J J.4
50. H IV. J J.5
APPENDIX B
ERROR ANALYSIS TEST
NAME :
NIM :
CLASS :
I. Combine these sentence by using ‘so’ or ‘neither’!
1. Mahfud has a pair of shoes. Shasya has a pair of shoes.
2. The old man hardly walks on the street. The old woman hardly walks on the street.
3. The mangoes she bought were spoilt. The apples she bought were spoilt.
4. Anisa will not come to your house at six o’clock. Safri will not come to your house at six o’clock !
5. She goes to school every day. They go to school every day.
Answer :
1. ………..
2. ………..
3. ………..
4. ………..
5. ………..
II. Combine these sentences by using ‘too’ or ‘ either’!
1. Fiqhy always cleans the classroom every morning. Maryam always clean the classroom every morning.
2. Last year, Wiwi seldom visited me. Last year, Ria seldom visited me.
3. I’ll never believe that you are bad. They’ll never believe that you are bad.
4. I am thinking about this problem now. You are thinking about this problem now.
5. They are smart students in Indonesia. We are smart students in Indonesia Answer :
1. ………..
2. ………..
3. ………..
4. ………..
5. ………..
III. Complete these elliptical constructions using ‘so’, ‘too’, ‘neither’ or ‘either’ and their appropriate auxiliaries!
1. My aunty cooked some cakes yesterday and my mother ……..
2. I am not beautiful and ……….. she . 3. I cannot swim well and she …………..
4. Maryam ate a piece of bread for breakfast and my mother …....
5. My father never bought me shoes and my mother ………..
6. You rarely cleaned your house and ………. Your sister.
7. She would bring a new magazine for you and He ………..
8. You must not smoke here and ……….. Tom.
9. I have told you the reason why she cried. And ……….He 10. I rarely visit my grandparents on holiday and my brother...
IV. Combine these sentences by using conjunction ‘but’ or ‘while’ ! Example ; I buy a new book. She does not buy a new book.
I buy a new bookbut/whileshe does not.
1. My sister goes to Surabaya to visit my uncle. My brother does not go to Surabaya to visit my uncle.
2. I will give you some money. They will not give you some money.
3. You should not go at midnight. Julia should go at midnight.
4. Rudi rarely studies English at home. Roni often studies English at home.
5. I will not cut the tree tomorrow. My father will cut the tree tomorrow.
Answer :
1. ………..
2. ………..
3. ………..
4. ………..
5. ………..
V. Complete these elliptical constructions using their appropriate auxiliaries!
1. We are diligent students, but they……….
2. My brother never asks me to play football together, while my friends………...
3. They are not going to finish these assignments, but we………..
4. She can hear what you are saying, while I………
5. They saw hear the movie together in Semarang last night, but she…………..
APPENDIX C
SAMPLE OF THESTUDENTS’ TEST RESULT 1. Sample 1
2. Sample 2
3. Sample 3
APPENDIX D
DATA ANALYSIS
Kinds of Errors in Elliptical Construction
NO
Correct
Sentence Wrong Sentence Kinds of Error
Students (Codes) who Made Errors 1. Mahfud has a
pair of shoes and so has Shasya.
a. Mahfud has a pair of shoes,.... so shasya do too.
b. Mahfud has a pair of shoes,...so does Shasya.
c. Mahfud has a pair of shoes,....so do I Shasya.
d. Mahfud has a pair of shoes,.... Shasya so has a pair of shoes too.
e. Mahfud has a pair of shoes,.... neither Shasya has.
f. Mahfud has a pair of shoes and Shasya so has.
g. Mahfud has a pair of shoes... so Shasya has.
h. Mahfud has a pair of shoes and so does Shasya.
i. Mahfud has a pair of shoes or... Shasya has a pair of shoes.
j. Mahfud has a pair of shoes and so is Shasya.
k. Mahfud has a pair of shoes and so Shasya
Triple errors
(Omission, Misordering
& Addition) Double Errors
(Omission & Misforma- tion)
Triple Errors
(Omission, Misforma- tion & Addition)
Triple Errors
(Omission, Misordering
& Addition) Triple Errors
(Omission, Misforma- tion & Misordering) Misordering Errors
Double Errors
(Omission & Misorde- ring)
Misformation Errors
Triple Errors
(Misformation, Omision
& Addition)
Misformation Errors
Misordering Errors
a. A1
b. A2
c. A3/A5
d. A4
e. B1
f. B3
g. C1/C4/C5/
D3
h. C2/D1/E1/
E2/E4/E5/
E6/F3/G3/
G4/G5/H5 i. C3
j. D2
k. D4/H1/H2
has.
l. Mahfud has a pair of shoes and so...
Shasya.
m. Mahfud has a pair of shoes and ....Shasya so.
n. Mahfud has a pair of shoes... neither has.... a pair of shoes.
Omission Errors
Double Errors
(Misordering & Omis- sion)
Triple Errors
(Omission, Misforma- tion & Addition)
l. D5/F2/F4/
G2 m.J1/J4
n. F1/I2/I4/
J2/J3/J5 2. The old man
hardly walks on the street and neither does the old woman.
a. The old man hardly walks on the street ...so she does.
b. The old man hardly walks on the street ...so does she.
c. The old man hardly walks on the street and...the old woman so.
d. The old man hardly walks on the street...
so do the old woman.
e. The old man hardly walks on the street and... the old woman so.
f. The old man hardly walks on the street and so does she.
g. The old man hardly walks on the street and so... the old woman.
h. The old man hardly walks on the street and so does the old woman.
i. The old man hardly walks on the street and so... the old woman has.
Triple Errors
(Omission,Misformation
& Misordering) Triple Errors
(Omission,Misformation
& Misordering).
Double Errors
(Omission & Addition)
Double Errors
(Omission & Misforma- tion)
Double Errors
(Omission & Addition)
Misformation Error
Double Errors
(Misformation & Omiss- ion)
Misformation Error
Double Errors
(Omission & Addition)
a. A1
b. A2/A3
c. A4
d. A5
e. B3/J1/J4
f. C2
g. D5/F2/F4/
G2/H4 h. E1/E2/E4/
E6/F3/G3/
H5 i. H1
3. The mangoes she bought were spoilt and so were
a. The mangoes she bought were spoilt...
she neither.
b. The mangoes she bought were spoilt ...
Double Errors
(Omission & Misforma- tion)
Double Errors
(Omission & Misforma-
a. A1
b. A2
the apples. so does the apples.
c. The mangoes she bought were spoilt ....so does she.
d. The mangoes she bought were spoilt ...so... the apples she too.
e. The mangoes she bought were spoilt ...so does she the apples.
f. The mangoes she bought were spoilt and ...the apples so.
g. The mangoes she bought were spoilt and so does the apples she.
h. The mangoes she bought were spoilt and neither... the apples.
i. The mangoes she bought were spoilt and so did the apples.
j. The mangoes she bought were spoilt and so.... the apples.
tion)
Double Errors
(Omission & Misforma- tion)
Double Errors
(Omission & Addition)
Double Errors
(Omission & Addition)
Double Errors
(Omission & Misorde- ring)
Addition Error
Doule Errors
(Misformation & Omis- sion)
Misformation Error
Omission Error
c. A3
d. A4
e. A5
f. J1/J4
g. D1
h. C5/D5
i. E1/F3/G5/
H5 j. F2/F4/G2
4. Anisa will not come to your house at six o’clock and neither will Safri.
a. Anisa will not come to your house at six o’clock....I does he.
b. Anisa will not come to your house at six o’clock,...neither does Safri.
c. Anisa will not come to your house at six o’clock,.... so do I.
d. Anisa will not come to your house at six o’clock... neither....
Safri will not come to your house do.
e. Anisa will not come to your house at six o’clock...I
neither....Safri.
Triple Errors
(Omission, Addition &
Misformation Double Errors
(Omission & Misforma- tion)
Double Errors
(Omission & Misform- ation)
Double Errors
(Omission & Addition)
Double Errors
(Omission & Addition)
a. A1
b. A2
c. A3
d. A4
e. A5
f. Anisa will not come to your house at six o’clock... neither will.... not come to your house at six o’clock.
g. Anisa will not come to your house at six o’clock and neither ...Safri.
h. Anisa will not come to your house at six o’clock... neither ...Safri.
i. Anisa will not come to your house at six o’clock....So.... Safri will not come to your house at six o’clock.
j. Anisa will not come to your house at six o’clock andso doesn’t Safri.
k. Anisa will not come to your house at six o’clock and neither is Safri.
l. Anisa will not come to your house at six o’clock and so...
Safri.
Double Error
(Omission & Addition)
Omission Error
Omission Error
Triple Errors
(Omission,Misformation
& Addition)
Misformation Error
Misformation Error
Double Errors
(Misformation & Omis- sion)
f. B1
g. B3/H1/H2 J1/J4
h. F2/F4/G2
i. C1/C3/C4/
C5/D3/D4/
E3/G1/H3/
I1/I3/I4/I5/
J2/J3 j. D1
k. D2
l. D5
5. She goes to school every day and so do they.
a. She goes to school every day.... so they does.
b. She goes to school every day... so do they.
c. She goes to school every day.... so do I.
d. She goes to school every day and so they do.
e. She goes to school every day.... neither ....they go to school everyday.
Triple Errors
(Omission, Misordering
& Misformation) Omission Error
Misformation Error Misordering Error
Triple Errors
(Omission,Misformation
& Addition)
a. A1
b. A2
c. A3 d. A4
e. B1/C4/D3/H3 /J2/J3/
J5
f. She goes to school every day...they so.
g. She goes to school every day.... So...
they go to school everyday.
h. She goes to school every day and so are they.
i. She goes to school every day and so have they.
j. She goes to school every day and so ...they.
k. She goes to school every day and... they so.
Double Errors
(Omission, Misordering) Double Errors
(Omission & Addition)
Misformation Error
Misformation Error
Omission Error
Double Errors
(Omission & Misorde- ring)
f. B2/B4
g. B5/C1/C3/C5/
D4/E3/F1/G1/
I2/I3/I4/I5 h. D1
i. D2
j. D5/H1/
H2/H4 k. F2/F4/G2/
J1/J4
6. Fiqhy always cleans the classroom every
morning and Maryam does too.
a. Fiqhy always cleans the classroom every morning.... I do too.
b. Fiqhy always cleans the classroom every morning... Maryam does too.
c. Fiqhy always cleans the classroom every morning.... Maryam always too.
d. Fiqhy always cleans the classroom every morning.... Maryam do too.
e. Fiqhy always cleans the classroom every
morning and
Maryam... too.
f. Fiqhy always cleans the classroom every morning... Maryam ....too.
g. Fiqhy always cleans the classroom every morning... Maryam ... always clean the classroom every
Double Errors
(Omission & Misforma- tion)
Omission Error
Double Errors
(Omission & Misforma- tion)
Double Errors
(Omission & Misforma- tion)
Omission Error
Omission Error
Double Errors
(Omission & Addition)
a. A1
b. A2/A3
c. A4
d. A5
e. B1/B2/B3/
B5/C4/D2/
D5/H2/H3/
J1
f. B4/C1/D4/
I5
g. C3/C5/G1/
I1/I3/J5
morning too.
h. Fiqhy always cleans the classroom every morning... either Maryam... always clean the classroom every morning.
i. Fiqhy always cleans the classroom every morning... too Maryam... always clean the classroom every morning.
j. Fiqhy always cleans the classroom every morning and either Maryam...
k. Fiqhy always cleans the classroom every morning and too Maryam...
Double Errors
(Omission & Addition)
Tripple Errors
(Omission, Misordering
& Addition)
Double Errors
(Addition & Omission)
Double Errors
(Misordering & Omis- sion)
h. D3/I2/J2/
J3
i. F1
j. F2/J4
k. H1
7. Last year, Wiwi seldom visited me and Ria did not either.
a. Last year, Wiwi seldom visited me,...
she ...either.
b. Last year, Wiwi seldom visited me, ...either does... Ria.
c. Last year, Wiwi seldom visited me,... I .... too.
d. Last year, Wiwi seldom visited me and...either.
e. Last year, Wiwi seldom visited me, ....I does.... too.
f. Last year, Wiwi seldom visited me and Ria ...either.
g. Last year, Wiwi seldom visited me and Ria... too.
h. Last year, Wiwi seldom visited me,...
Ria... too.
i. Last year, Wiwi
Double Errors
(Omission & Misforma- tion)
Triple Errors
(Omission,Misformation
& Misordering) Double Error
(Omission & Misforma- tion)
Omission Error
Double Errors
(Omission & Misforma- tion)
Omission Error
Double Errors
(Omission & Misforma- tion)
Double Errors
(Omission & Misforma- tion)
Double Errors
a. A1
b. A2
c. A3
d. A4/J1/J4
e. A5
f. B2
g. B3/C4/F2/
H1/H2/H3 h. B4/C1/D4/
F4/G2/I5 i. C2/F3/G3/
seldom visited me and Ria did.... too.
(Omission & Misforma- tion)
G5/H5 8. I will never
believe that you are bad and they will never either.
a. I will never believe that you are bad,....
they do... too.
b. I will never believe that you are bad, they will... too.
c. I will never believe that you are bad,.... I do.... too.
d. I will never believe that you are bad and they ...either.
e. I will never believe that you are bad and they... too.
f. I will never believe that you are bad,...
they... too.
g. I will never believe that you are bad and they will not either.
h. I will never believe that you are bad,...
either they are...
i. I will never believe that you are bad. They will never believe that you are bad either.
j. I will never believe that you are bad,...
either you...
k. I will never believe that you are bad and they will... either.
l. I will never believe that you are bad and youwon’teither.
m. I will never believe that you are bad and either they...
n. I will never believe that you are bad but either they’ll never
Double Errors
(Omission & Misforma- tion)
Double Errors
(Omission & Misforma- tion)
Double Errors
(Omission & Misforma- tion)
Omission Error
Double Errors
(Omission & Misforma- tion)
Double Errors
(Omission & Misforma- tion)
Misformation Error
Triple Errors
(Omission. Misordering
& Misformation) Addition Error
Triple Errors
(Omission, Misordering
& Misformation) Omission Error
Misformation Error
Double Errors
(Omission & Misor- dering)
Triple Errors
(Misformation, Misorde- ing & Addition)
a. A1
b. A2/B5/D1/
D5/F4/G2 c. A3/A5
d. B2
e. B3/J4
f. B4/C1/C3
g. C2/E1/E2/
E4/E5/F3/
G3/G4/G5/
H5 h. C4/H3
i. C5/G1
j. D4
k. E6
l. E3
m. F2/H1/H2/
J1 n. H4
believe.
9. I am thinking about this problem now and you are too.
a. I am thinking about this problem now,.... I ...either.
b. I am thinking about this problem now,....
you are too.
c. I am thinking about this problem now...
....either.
d. I am thinking about this problem now....
you are either.
e. I am thinking about this problem now...
either you are...
thinking about this problem now.
f. I am thinking about this problem now and you... too.
g. I am thinking about this problem now and you are being too.
h. I am thinking about this problem now,....
you... too.
i. I am thinking about this problem now,....
you are thinking about this problem too.
j. I am thinking about this problem now and too you...
k. I am thinking about this problem now and you are thinking about this problem too now.
Double Errors
(Omission & Misforma- tion)
Omission Error
Omission Error
Double Errors
(Omission & Misforma- tion)
Triple Errors
(Omission, Addition &
Misformation)
Omission Error
Addition Error
Omission Error
Double Errors
(Omission & Addition)
Double Errors
(Omission & Misorde- ring)
Addition Error
a. A1/A5
b. A2
c. A3
d. A4
e. B1/F1/I1/
I2/J1/J2/J5
f. B2/B3/B4/
B5/H4/J1/
J4 g. C2
h. C3/F4/G2/
I5 i. C5/G1
j. H1/H2
k. I3
10. They are
smart
students in Indonesia and we are
a. They are smart students in Indone- sia,....we...either.
b. They are smart students in Indone- sia,.... we are too.
Double Errors
(Omission & Misforma- tion)
Omission Error
a. A1
b. A2/A4/C1/
F4/G2
too. c. They are smart students in Indone- sia,.... I... either.
d. They are smart students in Indonesia and we... too.
e. They are smart students in Indone- sia,.... we.... too.
f. They are smart students in Indone- sia,... either we are.
g. They are smart students in Indone- sia,... we are smart students in Indonesia too.
h. They are smart students in Indonesia or we are ...smart students in Indone- sia.
i. They are smart students in Indonesia and.... too us.
j. They are smart students in Indone- sia,.... too we are smart students in Indonesia.
k. They are smart students in Indone- sia,... neither we...
l. They are smart students in Indonesia and either we....
Double Errors
(Omission & Misforma- tion)
Omission Error
Omission Error
Triple Errors
(Omission Misordering
& Misformation) Double Errors
(Omis-sion & Addition)
Triple Errors
(Omission, Misforma- tion & Addition)
Double Errors
(Omission & Addition) Triple Errors
(Omission, Misordering
& Addition)
Triple Errors
(Omission, Misordering
& Misformation) Triple Errors
(Omission, Misordering
& Misformation)
c. A3
d. B2/B3/B4/
B5/H1/H4/
J4 e. C3
f. C4/H3
g. C5/G1/I1/
I3/J3/J5
h. D4
i. H2
j. I2/J2
k. I5
l. J1
11. My aunty cooked some cakes
yesterday and my mother did too.
a. My aunty cooked some cakes yesterday and my mother.... too.
Omission Error a. A1/A3/A4/
A5/B1/B2/
B3/B4/B5/
C4/C5/D2/
D5/E3/F1/
F2/F4/G1/
G2/H1/H2/
H3/H4/I1/
I2/I3/I4/I5/
J1/J2/J3/
b. My aunty cooked some cakes yesterday and my mother does too.
c. My aunty cooked some cakes yesterday and my mother.... neither.
Misformation Error
Double Errors (Omis- sion & Misformation)
J4/J5 b. A2/D1
c. C1/C3/
D3/D4 12. I am not
beautiful and neither is she.
a. I am not beautiful and so does she.
b. I am not beautiful and either does she
c. I am not beautiful and so is she.
d. I am not beautiful and either... she.
e. I am not beautiful and neither... she.
f. I am not beautiful and too... she.
g. I am not beautiful and so.... she.
Misformation Error Misformation Error Misformation Error Double Errors
(Omission & Misforma- tion)
Omission Error Double Errors
(Omission & Misforma- tion)
Double Errors
(Omission & Misforma- tion)
a. A1/A3/A5/
F2/F4/G2 b. A2 c. A4
d. B1/D2/H4/
I2/I4/I5/J3/
J5
e. B2/B3/B4/
B5/C4/C5/
D1/D3/D5/
E3/F1/G1/
H1/H2/H3/
I1/J1/J2/J4 f. C1/C3/D4 g. I3
13. I cannot swim well
and she
cannot either.
a. I cannot swim well and she... either.
b. I cannot swim well and she does too.
c. I cannot swim well and she I.... too.
d. I cannot swim well and she... neither.
e. I cannot swim well and she.... neither too.
f. I cannot swim well and she.... too.
g. I cannot swim well and she... so.
h. I cannot swim well and she can.... either.
Omission Error Misformation Error Triple Errors
(Addition, Omission &
Misformation) Double Errors
(Omission & Misforma- tion)
Triple Errors
(Omission, Misforma- tion & Addition)
Double Errors
(Omission & Misforma- tion)
Double Errors
(Omission & Misforma- tion)
Omission Error
a. A1/B1/B3/
C5/D1/D3/
D4/E3/G1/
H2 b. A2 c. A3
d. A4/B2/B5/
C1/C3/F2/
F4/G2/J1/
J4 e. A5
f. B4/D2/D5/
F1/H1/H4/
I2/I3/I4/I5/
J2/J3/J5 g. C4/H3/I1 h. E6