FLORA 07 THE DISTRICT OP COLUMBIA. 45
S. SOBGHASTBTJM
I. CYPEBUS L
1. FAGTT8 L
1. Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. Beech.
Deciduous woods. Apr.-May; fr. Sept.-Oct. Eastern N. Amer. {F. ferruginea Ait.)
2. CASTANEA Hill.
Plants trees; leaves 10-20 cm. long or more, oblong-lanceolate, glabrous at maturity.
Bur about 7 cm. in diameter 1. C. dentata.
Plants shrubs; leaves densely white-pubescent or tomentulosc beneath, oblong- lanceolate or oblanceolate.
Leaves about 10 cm, long; bur 2.5 cm. long or smaller 2. C. pumila.
Leaves 10-20 cm. long or more; mature fruit unknown 3. C. neglecta.
1. Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh. Chestnut.
Deciduous woods. June; fr. Sept.-Oct. Eastern U. S. (C. vulgaris americana A. DC.)
2. Castanea pumila (L.) Mill. J Chinquapin.
Deciduous and coniferous woods. June; fr. Sept.-Oct. Southern states, north to Pa.
3, Castanea neglecta Dode.
With the preceding species near Upper Marlboro. June. The Upper Marlboro specimens have the leaves of €. dentata and the inflorescence of C. pumila; probably
they represent a hybrid between those species.
3. QTTERCUS L. Oak.
Leaves entire, linear to oblong-lanceolate.
Leaves linear-lanceolate; cup saucer-shaped, 8-12 mm. broad; acorn about 10 mm.
high l, Q. phellos.
Leaves oblong-lanceolate; cup hemispheric or nearly so, 10-15 mm. broad; acorn 15 mm. high or smaller. * 2. Q. imbricaria.
Leaves few-toothed to deeply lobed.
Leaves very broad toward the apex, 3 or G lobed, abruptly contracted toward the base; cup hemispheric, 10-15 mm. broad; acorn ovoid 3. Q. marilandica.
Leaves broadest at or near the middle, variously lobed or toothed, not abruptly contracted toward the base.
Leaves more or less deeply lobed, the lobes bristle-pointed. Acorns ovoid, bitter.
Black or bed oaks.
Leaves glabrous or with tomcntum only in tho axils of the veins beneath.
Leaves with asymmetric lobes.
Loaves narrowly oblong or oblan&eolate; cup hemispheric or nearly so, about 15 mm. broad la. Q. heterophylla.
Leaves of a broader type; cup about 20 mm. broad Sa. Q. leana.
Leaves with more or less symmetric lobes.
Average leaves 10 cm. long or less, the basal lobes small, triangular. Cup saucer-shaped, 10 mm. broad; lowermost branches pendent; leaves brown in autumn 4. Q. palustrls.
Average leaves 15 cm. long or more, variously lobed, the sinuses broad.
Lateral lobes of the leaves commonly simple, with few teeth, forming an angle of 45° with the midrib; cup saucer-shaped, 2.5 cm. broad or mure. Leaves red-brown in autumn fi. Q. maxima.
Lateral lobes commonly 3-deft, with accessory teeth, the primary lobes forming an angle of about 60° with the midrib; cup turbinate or hemispheric, 2 cm. broad or more.
Buds reddish brown, sparingly pubescent; leaves scarlet in autumn.
6. Q coceinea.
Buds densely grayish-pubescent; leaves brown in autumn.
8. Q. velutina.
Leaves pubescent or tomentulose beneath.
Average leaves about 7 cm. long, commonly 5-lobed; cup 10 mm. broad, turbinate. Lobes simple or nearly so, broadly triangular, the basal ones very short or wanting; acorn globose-ovoid 7. Q. ilicifolia.
Average leaves 12 cm. long or more; cup 15 mm. broad or more,turbinate.
Buds densely grayish-pubescent; leaves more or less deeply 7-lobed, the lateral lobes broad; acorn ovoid; leaves brown in autumn.
8. Q. velutina.
Buds sparingly pubescent, red-brown; leaves more or leas deeply 3-13- lobed, the lobes commonly simple, falcate, the base rounded; acorn globose-ovoid; leaves scarlet in autumn 9, Q. rubra.
Leaves varying from serrate to deeply lobed, the lobes not bristle-tipped (at most acute).
Leaves more or loss deeply lobed (sometimes toothed in no. 11). White oaks.
Leaves 20 cm. long or larger, obovate-oblong, more or less deeply 13-15-lobed, the lobes oblong. Cup hemispheric, 20 mm. broad; acorn oblong; leaves red-brown in autumn 10. Q. saulli.
FLORA OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, 139
Leaves 12 cm. long or larger, more or lees deeply 5-9-lobed.
Lateral lobes of the leaves divaricate, aa broad aa long, truncate or ehallowly lobed, the basal lobes small. Cup turbinate, about 10 mm. broad;
acorn ovoid; leaves copper or red-brown in autumn..11. Q. stellata.
Lateral lobes forming an angle of 45° with the midrib, oblong, simple or with secondary lobes.
Primary lobes of the leaves entire or 2-3-lobed; cup hemispheric, 15-20 mm. broad; acorn oblong, 2-3 cm. long, stalked. Leaves copper- brown in autumn; bark of trunk flaky .12. Q. alba.
Primary lobes'commonly entire, the leaves smaller; cup 10 mm, broad or more; acorn sessile or nearly so, ovoid. (Bark and fruit resembling those of Q. stellata and the leaves those of Q. alba.)
12a. Q. albaX stellata.
Leaves almost regularly toothed.
Leaves angularly toothed or lobed, obovate, 10 cm, long or larger, cuneate at the base, tomentuloee or green and glabrate. Fruit long-stalked; cup hemispheric, 10 mm. broad or more; acorn ovoid-oblong; bark of trunk flaky . 13. Q. bicolor.
Leaves crenate-eerrate. Chestnut oaks.
Teeth of leaves blunt.
Fruit sessile; small shrub. Leaves obovate, 10 cm. long or lens, pale and pubescent beneath, copper-red in autumn; cup hemispheric, 15 mm. broad or less; acorn ovoid 14. Q. prinoides.
Fruit stalked; tall trees.
Leaves oblong or obovate, pale beneath, 15 cm. long or larger, reddish brown in autumn; cup turbinate, about 20 mm. broad; acorn ovoid or oblong, 15-24 mm. long . 15. Q. montana.
Leaves obovate, abruptly acuminate, 10 cm. long or larger, pale and pubescent beneath, brown in autumn; cup hemispheric, %0 mm.
broad or more; acorn ovoid... ...16. Q prinus.
Teeth of leaves acute.
Plants small eliruba . 14. Q. prinoides.
Plants treos.
Leaves obovate, broad -16. Q. prinus.
Leaves oblong-lanceolate, gray-tomentuloso beneath,. 10 cm. long or larger. Cup 15 mm. broad or more; acorn ovoid, 12-20 mm. long.
17. Q muhlenbergii.
1. Quercus phellos L. Willow oak.
Moist woods. Eastern U.S.
All the oaks flower in April or May and mature the fruit in September.
la. Quercus heteropliylla Michx, f. . . Bartram oak.
With the preceding; rare. (Q. phcllo'sXvelutina.)
2. Quercus imbricaria Michx. Shingle oak.
Low woods. Eastern XJ. S.
3a. Quercus leana Nutt.
With the preceding; rare. (Q. imbricariaXvelutina.)
3. Quercus marilandica Muenchh. Black jack. Jack oak.
Dry soil. Eastern U. S. (Q. nigra of Ward's Flora.)
The characteristic form on the Serpentine barrens has 5-lobed rather than 3-lobed leaves. (Q. nigra quinqueloba A. DC.)
4. Quercus palustris DuRoi. Pin oak.
Low places. Northern states, south to Va.
Frequently planted in parks and along streets. A tree is shown in plate 22A.
5. Quercus maxima (Marsh.) Ashe. Red oak.
Low woods. Eastern N. Amer. (Q. rubra maxima Marsh.; Q. rubra of authors, not L.) A tree is shown in plate 22B.
6. Onerous coccinea Wang. Scarlet oak.
Dry woods and hillsides. Northern states, south to N. C.
7. Quercus ilicifolia Wang. Bear oak.
Dry ground; near Laurel, possibly not reaching our limits. Northern states, south to Md. (Q. nana Sarg.)
8. Quercus velutina Lam. Black oak. Quercitron.
Dry woods. Eastern U. S. (Q. tinctona Michx.) .
9. Quercus rabra L. Spanish oak.
Dry woods. Southern states, north to N. J. (Q. fakata Michx.; Q. triloba Michx,;
Q. digitata Sudw.)
10. Quercus saulii C. Schneid. Saul's oak.
Dry woods; frequent in Q. alba and Q, montcma colonies. (Q. prinusXalba of authors; Q. monianaXalba?)
■Quercm macrocarpa Michx., the bur oak, is sometimes planted within our limits.
Native farther north and west. Readily recognized by its lyrate-pinnatifid, obovate or obovate-oblong leaves, 20 cm. long or more; cup hemispheric, 3-5 cm. broad, the upper scales produced into filiform tips; acorns depressed-globose, half covered by the cup.
11. Quercus stellata Wang. Post oak.
Dry woods and barrens. Eastern U. S. (Q, minor Sarg.)
12. Quercus alba L. White oak.
Dry woods. Eastern U. S.
A tree is shown in plate 23.
12a. Quercus alba X stellata?
Dry wo:>da, with Q. alba and Q. stellata; perhaps a distinct species.
13. Quercus bicolor Wxlld. Swami* white oak.
Low woods and river bottoms. Eastern N. Amer. (Q.. platanoides Sudw.) The leaves on young growth of this wpecies much resemble those of Q. lyrata.
14. Quercus prinoid.es Willd. Scrub chestnut oaf . Dry grounds and pine barrens. East ern IT. S.
15. Quercus montana Willd. Rock chestnut oak.
Dry woods and hillsides. Eastern U. 3. (Q. prinus of authors, not L.)
16. Quercus prinus L. Basket oak.
Low woods and swampy ground. Southern states, north to Del. {Q. michauxii Nutt.)
17. Quercus muhleubergii Engelm. Chestnut oak.
Low places. Eastern U. S. (Q. acumiriata Sarg.)
39. ULMACEAE. Elm Family.
Leaves of an oval type, narrowed to an unequal base; fruit a winged nut (samara).