I. Fore limbswithdrawncompletelyfrom the locomotive series,and trans- ferred to the cephalic(Dana).
Form
habituallyerect,exceptininfancy.Feet withthe great toeproduced,andin same planewith others. Teeth inanuninterruptedseries. Hairscant. (Bimana.)
HOMINIDAE.
(I.) II. Fore limbsmoreorlessemployedinprogression.Form
prone,exception-allyerect. Feetwiththe great toe more orlessabbreviated, thumb-like,
51
and opposable to the others. Dental series interrupted by diastemas, especially in the upperjaw between canines and incisors. Hair dense.
(Simice.)
A.
A
bony external auditory meatus well developed, at the bottom of which isthemembrana
tympani. Pre-molars 2,x2. (TeethM
§PM
|CjI§X2.) Nosewiththemedian septumthinand narrow (exception- ally, broad), and the nostrils correspondingly approximated. (Simice catarrhinos.")
1. Spinalcolumnwitha slightsigmoid curve; lumbaraswell as dorsal neural spines directed more orless backwards. Sacrum large and
solid, composed of four vertebra? tapering gradually backwards.
Sternumbroadandshort,withthree or fourbonesbetweenthe
manu-
brium and xiphoid cartilage. Anterior limbsmuch
longer than posterior.SIMIIDAE. (II.) 2. Spinal column with a simple curve; neural spines of lumbar and
lastdorsal vertebra? inclined forwards. Sacrum moderate,composed generally of three vertebra?not taperinggradually. Sternumelongated andnarrow. Anteriorlimbsshorterthanposterior; rarely elongated.
CYNOPITHECIDAE.
(III.) B.Bony
external auditory meatus null, and the tympanicmembrane
attachedto a ring close to the surface. Pre-molars
|x2.
Nosewiththeseptumbroadandflattened(exceptionally,narrow),andthe nostrils proportionally distant. (Simice platyrkince.)
1. Teeth
(M l-PMf CJI|x2=)
33.Manus
with inner digit(when
developed) moreorlessslightlyopposabletothe rest.CEBIDAE. (IV.)
2. Teeth (M |
PM
f C ] I|X2=)
32.Manus
with inner digit notopposable,but on
same
planeas rest; allarmedwith elongated com- pressedclaws.MIDIDAE.
(V.) I.HOMINIDAE.
Single genus.
Homo.
II. SIMIIDAE.
SUB-FAMILIES.
I.
Form
robust. Ilia broad,alate. Cerebrum projecting backwards over thecerebellum. Buttockswithoutcallosities.SIMI1NAE. (A.)
II.
Form
slender. Ilia narrow, not alate. Cerebrum scarcely or not pro- jectingbackwardsoverthecerebellum. Buttocks withcallosities.HYLOBATINAE. (B.)
A. SIMIINAE.
GorillaI. Geoff.
MimetesLea.ch=Tror/lodytes,Geoff.=Anthropopithecus, Bl.
SimiaLinu.=PithecusGeoff.
Siamanga Gray.
Hylobates111.
PliopithecusGerv.
Dryopilhecus Lartet.
B. HYLOBATINAE.
Extinct Simiidiet
III.
CYNOPITHECIDAE.
SUB-FAMILIES.
I. Stomach complex; the cardiac portion dilated; the pyloric elongated.
Cheek pouchesobsolete.
SEMNOPITHECINAE. (A.)
II. Stomachsimple, as inman. Cheek pouches developed.
CYNOPITHECINAE. (B.)
A. SEMNOPITHECINAE.
NasalisGeoff.
Lasiopyga111.,Gray.
SemnopithecusF. Cuv.
Colobus111.
Guereza Gray.
B. CYNOPITHECINAE.
§. 1.
§.2.
MiopithecusI. Geoff.
CercopithecusErxl.
Cercopithecussensustrict.
CercocebusGeoff.
Mucacus Lac, Desm.
Macacussensustrict.
ItiitusGeoff.
TheropitltecusI. Geoff.
=
Gelada Gray.CynopithecusI.Geoff.
§.3.
PapioErxl.,Cuv.,Geoff.
=
Cynoceph'nlusLac.Cynocephalus,sensustrict.
Mandrilla
Cuv
.,=Mormon
Less.Mormon,Gray, not111.
ChlorocebusGray.
SilenusGray.
HamadryasLess.,Gray.
ChocropithecusGray, Extinct Cynopithecidcc.
MesopithecusGaudry.
CoenopilhecusRutimeyer.
58
IV. CEBIDAE.
SUB-FAMILIES.
I. Cerebrumwithposteriorlobe abbreviated, scarcelycovering the cerebel-
lum
behind. Hyoid bone andthyroidcartilage greatlydeveloped: hyoid bone expanded into a sub-globular drum, with thin osseous walls, the largercoruuaprojectingbackwards, thelesserobsolete. Incisors vertical.MYCETINAE. (A.)
II. Cerebrum with posterior lobe enlarged, extending backwards
much
beyoudthe cerebellum. Hyoid bone andthyroidcartilagemoderate.A. Incisorsvertical.
1. Cerebrumwith convolutions well marked. Tail more or less pre- hensile.
CEBINAE. (BJ
2. Cerebrumwith convolutionsobsolete. Tailnotprehensile.
NYCTIFITHECINAE. (C.)
B. Incisors inclined forwards. Tail
more
orlessabbreviatedandbushy.PITHECIINAE. (D./
Aluatta La.c.=Mycetes111.
A. MYCETINAE.
B. CEBINAE.
5-1.
§.2.
CebusErxl.
SapajouLac.
=
AtelesGeoff.EriodesI.Geofi.=BrachytelesGray.
LagothrixGeoff.
C. NYCTIFITHECINAE.
§• 1.
NyctipithecusSpix=Aotus
(Humb)
111. (Inapplicable.)§.2.
Callithrix<leoff.
SaimirisGeoff.,
Gerv.=
ChrysothrixWagn
D. PITHECIINAE.
PitheciaDesm.
Chiropotes111.,Gray.
BrachyumsSpix=0ua£artaGray.
Extinct Cebidce.
Protopilfit cus Lund.
54
V.
MIDIDAE.
GENERA.
SaguinusLsLC=HapaleGeoff.
Ilapale Gray. Jacchus Gray.
CebufllaGray. MicoGray.
MidasGeoff.
LeontojtithecusGray. Oedipus Gray.
MidasGray. SeniocebusGray.
PROSIMIAE.
FAMILIES.
I. Teethof three kinds, the canines beingretained through life. Incisors small, with simple roots. Pectoral
mammae
developed, in addition to inguinal ones. (Owen.) (Lemuroidea.')A. Fibula entirely distinct from the'tibia. Skullwith the orbits open behind. Incisorsofupperjawsmall, (rarelywanting,) separated into twogroupsbyasymphysialinterspace; oflowerjaw, larger,contiguous, and proclivous; canines oflower jaw parallel with and like incisors.
Pes withthesecondtoearmedwithasubulateclaw;restwithflattened nails.
LEMURIDAE.
(VI.) B. Fibulapartiallyanchylosed withthetibia. Skullwith theorbitsparti-allyclosedbehindbythe unio,naboveofthe alisphenoidwith thejugal.
Incisors ofupperjaw (4) contiguous,inner large and conic; of lower (2) contiguousandopposedtolargeupperteeth: canines of lower
jaw
normal. Peswitlithesecondandthird toesarmedwith subulatenails restwithflattenedpointednails.TARSIIDAE. (VII.) II. Teeth oftwokinds,thecaninesbeingearlydeciduous. Incisors f,gli-
riform, continually reinforced from the formative pulp; the fangs very long,those ofthe lowerjawextendingbackwardstothebaseofthe coro- noidprocesses. Inguinal teatsonly developed.