Hypothesis is tentative answer of the research problem. That is the reason why research problem usually in the form of questions. It is called a tentative answer because the answer is just based on the relevant theory. It is not according to the fact that have got from data collection.41
This research is designed to find out whether the use of category game technique is effective to increase students‟ vocabulary mastery. In order to get the answer of that hypothesis, the researcher proposed Alternative hypothesis (Ha) and Null hypothesis (Ho) which is described as below:
Ha : There is significant effect of the use of Category Game strategy in students‟ vocabulary achievement.
Ho : There is no significant effect of the use of Category Game strategy in students‟ vocabulary achievement.
41 Deni Darmawan, Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif (Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya,2013), 120.
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY A. Research Design
This research applied a quantitative approach. A Quantitative approach is a means for testing objective theories by examining the relationship among variables. These variables, in turn, can be measured, typically in instruments, so that numbered data can be analyzed using statistical procedures.42 It uses a deductive approach, they begin with a concept then create empirical measures that precisely and accurately capture it in a form that can be expressed in numbers.43
This research applies an experimental research. According to Cook and Campbell, experiment research is all experiments involve at least a treatment, an outcome measure, units of assignment, and some comparison from which change can be inferred and hopefully attributed to the treatment.44 It is a kind of research that seeks to determine if a specific treatment influences an outcome.This impact is assessed by providing a specific treatment to one group and withholding it from another and then determining how both groups scored on an outcome.45 In this research, the writer applies a quasi-experimental researchin two different
42 John W. Creswel, Research Design: Qualitatie, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (USA: SAGE Publications, 2009), pg. 4.
43 W. Lawrence Neuman, Basic of Social Research Qualitative and Quantitative Approach (Pearson Education, Inc, 2007), 109.
44 Dale T. Griffee, An Introduction to Second Language Research Methods: Design And Data (USA: TESL-EJ Publications, 2012), pg. 71.
45 John W. Creswel, Research Design, pg.12.
classes where the researcher choose two classes. One class will be experimental group and one class will be control group.
The process of this research includes pre-test, experimental treatment, and post-test. In the experimental class, the researcher teaches the students by using Category Game strategy. Whereas, the control class is taught by using question and answer strategy. To find out the effectiveness of using Category Game strategy in teaching vocabulary, the researcher gives pre-test and post-test for both of the class. Pre-test is given before the treatment to measure their vocabulary mastery. Then, post-test is given after the researcher gives a treatment to the experimental class. The result of pre-test and post-test is compared to the result of post-test.
Table 3.1 Design of the research:
GROUP PRE-TEST TREATMENT POST-TEST
Experiment (E) O1 X O2
Control (C) O3 - O4
E = Experiment Group C = Control Group
O1 = Pre-test of experiment group
O2 = Post-test of experiment group O3 = Pre-test of control group O4 = Post-test of control group
Based on the research design above, this research has two classes. Those are experimental class and control class. The pre-test is given to the students to measure the effect of a certain treatment. This research design is divided into three steps:
1. Pre research step
This research step consists of preparing the data that is needed by the researcher before beginning the research. The preparation can be determine the experimental and control class, arrange lesson plan and instrument to get the data, and others.
2. Research step
In this research step, the researcher applies the treatment to the experimental class. The researcher teaches the class by using Category Game strategy. While in control class, the researcher teaches by using question and answer strategy. The data of the research will be gathered from pre-test and post-test.
3. Data analysis step
In this research step, the data which are collected will be analyzed by the researcher. The steps are as follows:
a. Collect the post-test score from experimental and control class.
b. Test the data using T-test.
T-test is one of statistical test that used to test the correctness or error of null hypothesis which decclare that between two samples mean which randomly taken from same population there is no significant difference.46 Before conducting T-test, the researcher must find the other results, they are means, standard deviation, and standard error from each variable.
= 1− 2 1− 2
Which:
1 : Mean of first group
2 : Mean of second group
1− 2 : Standard error between two of means B. Population and Sample
1. Population
46 Retno Widyaningrum, Statistika (Yogyakarta: Pustaka felicha, 2014), pg. 151.
Population can be deffined as all members of a real set of people, events, or subject that the result can be generalized.47 According to Sugiyono, population is general area consists of object or subject with certain quality and characteristic that has been decided by researcher to be studied and concluded.48 From the statements above, it can be said that population is the whole subject or object of a research that have same characteristic.
The population of this research is seventh grade students of MTs Miftahul Ulum Balong Ponorogo in Academic Year 2016/2017. The seventh grade students of MTs Miftahul Ulum divided into three classes: VII A, VII B, and VII C. The total of population is 81 students.
2. Sample
To make a limitation the number of research subject, the researcher needs to take sample. Sample can be defined as a finite part of a statistical population whose properties are used to make estimates about the population as a whole.49Sugiyono stated that sample is a part of total and characteristic of a population.50It can be concluded that sample is small part of population that is represent the whole subject of research. It can say that sample is representative of population.
47 Mohammad Adnan Latief, Research Methods on Language Learning An Introduction (Malang: UM Press, 2014), 111.
48 Sugiyono, Metode Penelitian Pendidikan: Pendekatan Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D (Bandung: Alfabeta, 2012), pg. 117.
49 Kultar Singh, Quantitative Social Research Method (New Delhi: SAGE Publications India, 2007), 88.
50 Sugiyono, Metode Penelitian Pendidikan, pg. 118.