Прочтите, постарайтесь понять текст и запишите на полях основные термины.
DEFINING OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT
Operations management is the management of the productive processes that convert input into goods and services. Because of its close association with manufacturing, operations management is sometimes called production-operations management. Recently, though, the term “production”
is increasingly being dropped in favor of simply “operations management”, a term that has less of a manufacturing connotation. The operations management function is that part of the organization directly involved in producing the primary goods and services.
In the case of a manufacturing organization such as Fanuc, the operations management function would include plan managers and all the other managers who work in the factories (e.g., production managers, inventory control managers, quality assurance managers, and line supervisors). If an organization's structure had corporate level, operations would also encompass any manufacturing or operations vice presidents that exist as the corporate level, as well as related corporate operations staff (such as those primarily concerned with production, inventory, quality, facilities, and equipment).
In a service industry such as the hotel business, the operations management function would include hotel managers and the various managers who work in the hotels (e.g., housekeeping managers, food and beverage managers, and convention managers). Again. If there were a corporate level, operation would also comprise managers and staff at the corporate level who are directly involved in actually running the hotels (as opposed to managers who are involved in other related functions, such as marketing and finance).
Regardless of whether an organization produces a service, a product, or both, operations managers need to be acutely concerned about productivity.
The productivity-operations management linkage
Productivity is an efficiency concept that gauges the ratio of outputs relative to input into a productive process. Effectiveness relates to the extent to which performance reaches organizational goals. In contrast, efficiency addresses the resource usage (inputs) involved in achieving outcomes (outputs). Productivity is aimed at assessing the efficiency aspect of organizational performance – the ratio of outputs relative to inputs. As such,
productivity can be a useful tool for managers because it helps them track progress toward the more efficient use of resources in producing goods and services.
Organizational productivity is often measured by using this equation:
goods and services produced (outputs)
Productivity = —————————————————————————
labor + capital + energy + technology + materials (inputs) An approach, like this one, that considers all the inputs involved in producing outputs is sometimes referred to as total-factor productivity.
Managers also use partial-factor productivity, a productivity approach that considers the total output relative to a specific input, such as labor. For example:
goods and services produced (outputs) Productivity = ——————————————————
labor hours (labor input)
Manufacturing versus service organizations
Manufacturing and service organizations differ in several important respects. Manufacturing organizations are organizations that transform input into identifiable, tangible goods, such as soft drinks, cars, or videocassette recorders. Typically, the tangible goods they produce can be stored (at least to some degree), and the untimate customer does not usually need to be present while the transformation process is taking place. As a result, manufacturing can often be done in centralized places, and the products can be shipped to customers. In addition, a manufacturing concern can often avoid wasting capacity during slack periods by using available capacity to produce inventory in anticipation of future sales.
II. Exercises.
1. Прочтите и запомните слова в разделе III.
2. Найдите в тексте предложения, где употребляется сослагательное наклонение (см. грамматический справочник на стр. 71) и переведите их.
3. Подберите к словам в колонке слева близкие по значению эквиваленты из колонки справа. Запишите ответы следующим образом:
например, 1-5.
1) to involve 1) activity 2) to gauge 2) to deal with 3) to concern with 3) to track 4) process 4) to assess
5) to follow 5) to encompass 6) operations management 6) production
4. Переведите письменно текст, пользуясь словарем.
5. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту.
1) What is operations management?
2) What is the function of operations management?
3) What are the operations management functions in the case of manufacturing organizations?
4) What are the operations management functions in the case of service industry?
5) What is productivity?
6) How does productivity help managers?
6. Напишите на английском языке как Вы понимаете: “Operations management”.
III. Vocabulary items.
production operations management
- управление процессами производства
connotation - вторичное, дополнительное
значение primary goods and
services
- первичные товары и услуги to involve - вовлекать, включать в себя corporate level - корпоративный уровень to encompass - содержать, заключать в себе to gauge - измерять, оценивать
total-factor productivity - совокупно-факторная
производительность (действие) partial-factor
productivity
частично-факторная
производительность (действие) to exist - жить, существовать, находиться
to relate - соотноситься
facilities and equipment - средства и оборудование
service industry - услуги в области промышленности
acutely - остро, сильно
to track - следить, выслеживать labor (amer) = labour
(англ)
- труд, работа
to store - снабжать, наполнять
to assess - оценивать
resources - ресурсы, источники manufacturing - производственный
customer - покупатель
goal - цель
IV. Test.
1. Выберите определения к терминам из колонки слева и запишите следующим образом: 10-b.
1. Operations management а) … is an efficiency concept that gauges the ratio of outputs relative to input into a productive process.
2. Productivity b) … are organizations that transform inputs into indentifiable, tangible goods, such as soft drinks, cars or videocassette recorders.
3. Total-factor productivity c) … is a productivity approach that considers the total output relative to specific input, such as labour.
4. Partial-factor productivity d) … is an approach, that considers all the inputs involved in producing outputs.
5. Manufacturing organizations e) … is the management of the productive processes that convert inputs into goods and services.
2. Закончите предложения, выбрав необходимое слово или словосочетание справа, запишите ответы следующим образом:
например, 1)-m.
1) The operations management function (OMF) would include …
a) productivity
2) The operations management function is the part of the organization that is involved in producing …
b) the primary goods and services
3) The operations management functions in the hotel business include …
c) labor
4) Whether an organization produces a service or a product, operations managers need to be acutely concerned about …
d) customers
5) Effectiveness relates to the extent to which performance reaches …
e) goods and services
6) Productivity can be a useful tool for f) organizational goals
managers because it helps them track progress toward the more efficient use of resources in producing …
7) A productivity approach considers the total output relative to a specific input, such as …
g) hotel managers
8) Products can be shipped to … h) plan managers
Unit 6