CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
E. Data Analysis Technique
1. Quantitative Data Analysis
According to Aida (2019) before data collecting began, the design and quantitative research variables were selected. However, the variables measured in qualitative research are malleable and, to some extent, dependent on the
environment of data collection. Researchers must properly describe factors that can be counted with numbers in quantitative research. In data processing techniques, researcher used quantitative data. In this research, the technique used by researcher to collect data was use quantitative analysis consists of the data from grammar test result, practicality checklist, and observational checklist. The researcher collected the data by carried out using Microsoft Excel. Microsoft Excel is an application that is used to process data in various forms such as using formula, basic calculation, data processing, table creation, graphing to data management. Microsoft excel is a spreadsheet program used to record and analyze numerical and statistical data. The use of Microsoft Excel in this research focused on processing and analyzing research data.
a. Grammar test result
The researcher analyzed the result of a grammar test conducted by first year students of the English Education Department by using the mean score.
The following is the formula to calculate mean score:
Figure 3.1 Mean Formula Description:
X : Mean score
∑x : The total of existing score N : Total number of respondents
The form below is the form of assessment guidelines based on the academic guidelines of UIN Alauddin:
Table 3.1 Assessment Guidelines
Qualitative data analysis refers to the process of systematizing descriptive of data collected through interviews, surveys, and observations.
b. Practicality Checklist
Practicality data analysis was obtained from practicality test sheets by educators and practicality test sheets by students. Product assessment based on a questionnaire that has been filled in by students is then analyzed to determine the level of practicality of the product. Assessment of each indicator using a Likert scale.
According to Sugiyono (2012: 93), the Likert scale is a scale used to quantify a person's or group's attitudes, views, and perceptions about social phenomena. The respondent must describe, support the statement
(positive), or not support the statement (negative) for each scored answer choice.
Table 3.2 Criteria for scoring practical answers
Score Criteria
5 Strongly agree
4 Agree
3 Neutral
2 Disagree
1 Strongly disagree
1. Add up the total score for all indicators
2. Practicality analysis used with percentage value (%) Practicality Value = Total score obtained x 100%
Maximum total score 3. Determine product practicality criteria
After the practicality value percentage was obtained, it was carried out grouping according to the criteria. Criteria for testing practices have been modified from Riduwan (2012) contained in the following table:
Table 3.3 Criteria for giving practicality value
No. Percentage (%) Criteria
1. 0 - 20 Not Practical
2. 21 - 40 Less Practical
3. 41 - 60 Quite practical
4. 61 – 80 Practical
5. 81- 100 Very practical
c. Questionnaire
In analyzing the questionnaire, it classified into five statements. Then calculate the percentage with the formula:
Description:
P : Percentage score
f : Number of statement types n : Number of activities 100% : Constant number
Table 3.4 Criteria for giving questionnaire value
No. Percentage (%) Criteria
1. 83-100% Not Practical
2. 68-82% Less Practical
3. 52-67% Quite practical
4. 37-51% Practical
5. 0-36% Very practical
The interpretation of the implementation outcomes was based on the percentage score, which is taken from Proctor et al., (2011).
2. Qualitative Analysis Data
Qualitative data itself was analyzed based on the opinion to Miles et al.
(2014) which consists of three activities that occur at the same time, namely:
data condensation, data display, conclusions drawing/ verification.
a. Data Condensation
Data condensation refers to the process of selecting, simplifying, focusing, abstracting, and transforming data that appears in field notes. By condensing data, researcher removes unnecessary parts and organizes data to get conclusion that can be verified. In the data collection process, data condensation will occur further (researcher start writing summaries, coding, teasing out themes, making groups, making partitions, writing memos).
Data condensation is part of data analysis.
b. Data Display
Data display is also a stage of qualitative data analysis technique.
Data display is an activity when a set of data is arranged in a systematic and easy to understand manner, thus providing the possibility of drawing conclusion. Data display referred to in data analysis here is the process of integrating information by compiling it in a coherent and easily accessible form. Data display is the main vehicle for valid qualitative data analysis, consisting of various types of matrices, graphs, networks, and charts. The researcher can see what happened, and determine whether to draw the correct conclusion or continue to analyze the data.
c. Conclusion Drawing/ Verification
The third step in qualitative data analysis is to drawing conclusions and verification them. Starting with the regularities, patterns, explanatory conclusions, alternative configurations, causal processes, and inferred propositions, qualitative analysis begins to decide what is intended (Miles et al., 2014). As the analyst moves forward, conclusions are also validated.
Making temporary conclusion after collecting data is the first step in drawing findings. In other words, to obtain ideal conclusions, conclusions are regularly reviewed and validated for their truth.
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CHAPTER IV
RESULT AND DISCUSSION A. The Test Results
There were twenty respondents involved in this study. The following is the grammar test scores obtained by respondents who had taken the grammar test regarding nouns.
Table 4.1The Results of the English Grammar Test of the Research Respondents
Based on the table 4.1, it can be seen that the mean score of all respondents reaches 68 which categorized as good. The results show that almost all of the respondents met the Good, Very Good and Excellent categories and the other two were Quite Good. It can be interpreted that more than fifty percent of the respondents involved are able to master basic English grammar, especially the Nouns material. Therefore, an English test using a web-based tool can help students lighten their technical aspects, but the results of the English test require students' ability especially with the structure material and written English expressions.
Score in Number Grade Description Frequency Percentage
94 ≤ X ≥ 100 3.76 – 4.00 Excellent 2 10%
88.75 ≤ X < 94 3.55 – 3.75 Very Good 5 25%
75.25 ≤ X < 88.75 3.01 – 3.54 Good 11 55%
69 ≤ X < 75.25 2.76 – 3.00 Quite Good 2 10%
62.75 ≤ X < 69 2.52 – 2.75 Fairly Good - 50.25 ≤ X < 62.75 2.01 – 2.50 Poor - 44 ≤ X < 50.25 1.76 – 2.00 Fairly Poor - 25.25 ≤ X < 44 1.01 – 1.75 Very Poor - 0.25 ≤ X < 25.25 0.01 – 1.00 Inadequate -
Total Mean Score
68 3.38 Good 20 100%
B. The Implementation Outcomes
The use of web-based learning media in English is feasible, seen from the questionnaire of implementation outcomes. The questionnaire served as the foundation for collecting the implementation outcomes.
Table 4.2 The Analysis Results of Questionnaire Use of Web-Based Basic English Grammar Material of Nouns
No. Indicator Mean Score Percentage Criteria
1. Acceptability 7.85 78.5% Practical
2. Adoption 4.05 81% Practical
3. Appropriateness 3.45 69% Practical
4. Feasibility 6.90 69% Practical
5. Cost 3.70 74% Practical
6. Fidelity 3 60% Quite Practical
7. Sustainability 3.35 67% Quite Practical
Mean Score
71.80% Practical
Based on the table 4.2 above, the overall questionnaire of implementation outcomes of web-based basic English grammar material of nouns reaches 71.8%, which is categorized as practical. Turning to the results of the analysis of the questionnaire, it showed that the seven measurable indicators with nine statements had fulfilled field related to the results of the implementation of web-based basic English grammar material for first-year students of the Department of English Education at UIN Alauddin Makassar. The results of the analysis can be seen below.
1. Acceptability
The acceptability indicator has been fulfilled. Based on the results of the questionnaire, feel comfortable learning nouns using the website and students
are interested in the materials on the website. As for the results of the interview with several students, it shows the acceptance of this website.
Indicators Statement Items Data Display Conclusion Acceptability Students feel
comfortable and enjoy learning nouns using the website.
S1: “Of course. The website is easy to use and access so I can used in anytime”
S2: “Yes, I really enjoy using the website because we can access and use it anytime”
Enjoy using the website and can access anytime.
S3: “Yeah, because the website is easy to use and accessible”
The website is easy to use.
S4: “The website makes it easier for me to learn so I can learn more on the website”
Easy to learn from the website.
S5: “Yes, I can access and use it anytime so I really enjoy using the website”
Enjoy using the website and can access anytime The material on
the website contains nouns material and students are interested in the materials.
S1, S2: “The website is very easy to use so I feel
interested in learning basic English grammar especially nouns”
Easy to use the website.
S3: “I really interested in learning nouns on the website because all the materials I need can find out on it”
Really interesting to learn.
S4: “The website makes it easier for me to learn so I can learn more on the website”
The website makes it easier to learn more.
S5: “The website is easy to use so I feel interested in learning grammar especially nouns because the website easy to access”
Really interesting to learn.
The data above shows that the responses to the website acceptance is positive. The five students said that they felt comfortable and interested learning nouns using the website because easy to assess.
2. Adoption
The researcher introduced to the students about the media that would be used. Based on the results of the questionnaire, students seem new to using web- based learning media for basic English grammar material, especially the nouns and the web-based can be used with the current technology. It was stated by the respondents in the following.
Indicators Statement Items Data Display Conclusion Adoption The web-based
can be used with the current technology.
S1: “I feel more motivated to study from the website because very easy to use, and I have not used a website like that”
The website because very easy to use and
motivated.
S2: “I have never used such website before”
S3: “I feel very happy, the web-based very useful for my study, I haven’t used a similar website, this is the first time I use website like that”
Never used such website before.
S4: “I have used such website before, but this website is easy to access that other website”
This website is easy to access that other website.
S5: “The website very useful for me to study. I haven’t used a similar website and this is the first time I used website that easy to be access.
The website very useful to study.
The data above shows that the responses to web adoption is vary. Four students stated that they had never used a website similar to the website and one
student said that this website was easier to use than the website I had used before.
From the results interviews, it was concluded that the website is a learning media with using current technology.
3. Appropriateness
The indicator has been fulfilled through a number of activities carried out during the research. Based on the results of the questionnaire, the web-based basic English grammar materials of nouns have been designed accordance with the materials. It was stated by the respondents in the following.
Indicators Statement Items Data Display Conclusion Appropriateness Web-based basic
English grammar materials for nouns have been designed in accordance with the materials.
S1: “Yes, all the
materials on the website are in accordance with learning needs. Yes, all materials about nouns are easy to understand because it is displayed on the website”
S2: “The components of the materials on the website are an
accordance with what is needed in learning basic English grammar, especially nouns materials”
The website has been designed accordance with the materials on the website.
S3: “The components of the materials are great.
The website is really good and the website is an accordance with what is need in learning basic English grammar”
The website is really good.
S4: “I think is good enough, all the materials on the website are an accordance with learning needs”
S5: “The materials on the website are an accordance with what is need in learning basic English grammar, especially nouns materials”
Accordance with what is need in learning basic English grammar.
Based on the data above, two students stated that the website was good and three students said that the materials of nouns have been designed accordance with the materials on the website. From the results interview, it can be concluded that the website was really good and all the materials of nouns have been designed accordance with the materials on the website.
4. Feasibility
The feasibility indicator has been fulfilled. Based on the results of the questionnaire, the website can be used as a learning resource for the students to learn the materials of basic English grammar and the students can access the website anytime for everyday use. It also stated by the respondents in the following.
Indicators Statement Items Data Display Conclusion Feasibility The students can
access the website at any time for everyday use.
S1: “Of course. The website is easy to use and access so I can used in anytime”
S2: “Yes, I really enjoy using the website because we can access and use it anytime, the website is very easy to use”
The website is easy to use.
The website because we can access
S3: Yeah, because the website is easy to use and I can access the website every day”
and use it anytime.
S4: “Yeah. I can use the website in anytime and the website is easy to access, the website makes it easier for me to learn”
The website makes it easier for me to learn.
S5: “Yes, I can access and use it anytime so I really enjoy using the website:
ca access and use it anytime.
The website can be used as a learning resource for the students to learn the
materials of basic English grammar especially nouns.
S1: “Yes. Using the website to learn about grammar especially nouns can increase knowledge about the materials”
Can increase knowledge about the materials.
S2: “I will access the website for look the materials I need before I use other website so search the materials”
The
website for look the materials needed.
S3: “Looking materials on the internet and books required a lot of time, but on this website already compiled every
information I need about nouns in one place”
The website already compiled every information needed.
S4: “Yeah. I will access the website if want to search all the materials of basic English grammar especially nouns because all the material already explained on the website”
All the material already explained on the website.
S5: “I will access the website for look the materials I need because the website so accessible, we can find some materials easily”
Can find some materials easily.
Based on the data above, the responses about the website feasibility were positive. In the first statement, five students said that they enjoyed using the website because it could be used anytime and anywhere, while in the second statement, one student said that the web website could increase knowledge, one student said that
he would look for material about nouns for the first time on the website, three students said that they would look for materials on the website because all the materials about nouns was easy to find and easy to understand. From the interview results, it can be concluded that the students can enjoy enjoy using the website because it can be access and use it anytime and can increase knowledge because all the material already explained on the website.
5. Cost
The implementation cost indicator refers to the cost incurred by researcher throughout the implementation stage. Even though this research instrument is the website that does not require a single sheet of paper to convey grammar material, there are still feels involved. In this situation, the participants' devices and data plan or internet quota are used to access the website.
6. Fidelity
The fidelity indicator has been fulfilled. Based on the results of the questionnaire, the website can be used as learning media because all materials that are indicated in the website are available. During this session, the amount of physical space was adequate for this session (for virtual settings refer to internet accessibility).
Indicators Statement Items Data Display Conclusion Fidelity During this
session, all materials that are indicated in the website are available. During this session, the amount of physical space was adequate for this session (for virtual settings refer to internet accessibility).
S1: “Yes. Using the website to learn about grammar especially nouns can increase knowledge about the materials. Searching for materials on the internet or books takes a lot of time but with this website I have collected all the information I need about nouns and it doesn’t take much time”
Can increase knowledge about the noun’s materials.
S2: “Yes, the materials almost complete, so I didn’t look for the materials in another website.
I will access the website for look the materials I need before I use other website so search the materials”
Can access the website for look the materials.
S3: “I will access the website if I want to learn more about the basis English grammar materials including nouns”
Can access the website learn more about the grammar.
S4: “All the materials of basic English grammar especially nouns already explained on the website”
The materials already explained on the website.
S5: “Yes, the materials are almost complete and the website so easy to access I didn’t look for the materials in another website”
The materials are almost complete.
Based on the data above, one student said that using the website did not take much time to find noun materials, three students stated that all the required nouns materials was almost complete on the website, and one student said that he would access the website if he would learn more about noun materials. From the interview results, it can be concluded that all materials that are indicated in the website are available and it does not take much time to access the website.
7. Sustainability
The sustainability indicator has been fulfilled. Based on the results of the questionnaire sustainability means that new innovations continue to be used and function well. It also stated by the respondents in the following.
Indicators Statement Items Data Display Conclusion Sustainability The website can
be an alternative for students to use the website to study basic English grammar material,
especially in understanding nouns material in
the future
(sustained use).
S1: “Yes, I do. And I think I will always access the website if want to search all the materials of basic English grammar especially nouns and can increase knowledge about the materials”
S2: “Yes, I will access the website for look the
materials I need before I use other website so search the materials”
S3: “Yeah, of course. I will access the website if I want to learn more about the basis English grammar materials including nouns.”
S4: “Yeah. I will access the website if want to search all the materials of basic English grammar especially nouns because all the material already explained on the website”
S5: “Before I use other website so search the materials, I will access the website for look the materials I need because the website so accessible”
can increase knowledge about the noun’s materials.
Can access the website for look the materials.
Can access to learn more.
All the material already explained on the website.
Can access the website for look the materials needed.
Based on the data above, three students stated that they would access the website if the wanted to find and increase grammar materials, especially nouns materials, and two students said that they would access the website because all the