ACTIVE INGREDIENTS
4.5 DESIGNING TAILORED INTERVENTIONS .1 Overview
4.5.5 Limitations
(3) the appropriateness of the time points for assessing the variables; (4) the set of interventions, components, and modified features for relevance, feasibility, and effec- tiveness in addressing the unique experience of the health problem; and (5) the decision rules for clarity and accuracy. The experts engage in a discussion of what part to change and how in order to clarify or refine the algorithm.
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C H A P T E R 5
Intervention Theory
The importance of developing the theory of the problem, the theory of implementation, and the theory of change is well recognized and emphasized in recent guidance for the design, delivery, and evaluation of health interventions (Bar- tholomew et al., 2016; Medical Research Guidance, 2019). The theory of the problem makes explicit the aspects of the health problem amenable to change and addressed by the intervention. The theory of implementation describes and justifies the active ingredients, operationalized into specific components that characterize the inter- vention. The theory of change delineates the mechanism through which the inter- vention produces beneficial outcomes related to the prevention, management, or resolution of the health problem and the mitigation of its consequences. Whereas each of these theories is important and useful for designing an intervention, their integration into the intervention theory is critical for a comprehensive under- standing of the intervention, the context of its delivery, and its mechanism of action.
This understanding forms the foundation for the development of materials and the mobilization of resources needed to deliver the intervention; the actual delivery of the intervention with fidelity, which is necessary to initiate its mechanism of action;
and the design and conduct of a study to evaluate the intervention. In this chapter, the elements of the intervention theory are described. The importance of the theory in guiding the actual delivery of the intervention, and the design and conduct of an evaluation study is discussed.