Lucurna Molina, Sagg. Chil. 196. 1781 (1782) [now usually combined with Pouteria Aublet].
TYPE-SPECIES.-LUCUma bifera Molina.
RANGE.-About 35 species, mostly tropical American, several in Australia, New Caledonia, the East Indies, and the Malay Peninsula.
1. Lucuma obovata Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth
Lucurna obova'ta Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth, Nov. Gen.
et Sp. 3:241. 1819.-Pancher in Cuzent, Iles SOC. Tahiti 234. 1860.-Lanessan, P1. Ut. Col. Franc. 865. 1866.- Butteaud, F1. Tahiti. 56. 1891 [now usually called Pouteria lricurna (Ruiz & Pavon) 0. Kuntze].
DESCRIPTION (based on South American ma- terial).-Tree to 10 m tall, young growth brown- ish sericeous; leaves obovate, generally 10-25 X 4-9 cm, thick-chartaceous, apex obtuse to rounded, base contracted to a petiole 2-4 cm long, nerves 12-15 on a side, opposite to alternate, lightly pu- bescent to glabrous beneath; flowers 10-15 mm long, on stout, straight to somewhat recurved ped- icels, 1-2 in an axil, 5-15 mm long, sepals 5 , im- bricate, somewhat unequal, rounded to oval, brownish sericeous tomentose, to 1 cm long, co- rolla cylindric, strongly exserted at anthesis, to 12-15 mm long, lobed '/4-'/s the way, lobes rounded, imbricate, very finely sericeous or sub- glabrous, stamens 5, included, inserted on the corolla tube opposite lobes, filament short, swol- len, anthers ovate, obtuse, basifixed, staminodia 5, subulate, opposite the sinuses, pistil with ovary 5-loculed, ovoid, hirsute in basal part, glabrous above, tapering to a stout, cylindrical style, stigma minute, terminal; fruit fleshy, depressed, globose with a slight umbo, with 1 or 2 seeds developed, these globose with an oblong ovate scar on the inner side, with 2 thick cotyledons.
28 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS T O BOTANY
extend east to the Society Islands. Diospyros is represented by two species in Fiji and one in Samoa with additional species cultivated in Polynesia. Maba has endemic species in Fiji (2), Samoa (I), and Hawaii (1); with one occurring in Samoa, Tonga, Fiji and New Caledonia; one in Tonga and Fiji; one in Hawai, Fiji, and Uvea;
one from Tonga west to Africa. This makes a total in Polynesia of nine endemic species, with two more of wider range. [Most modern authors in- clude Maba in Diospyros.-Fosberg.]
RANGE.-sOCiety Islands (cultivated): Tahiti:
Introduced in 1850 by Bishop d’Axieri, according to Pancher. Not seen by us. [Native from Colom- bia to Peru; cultivated in tropical countries].
LOCAL NAMES.-English: lucuma. French: jaune d’oeuf.
5. Chrysophyllum
L.
Chrysophyllum L., Gen. PI. 5th ed. 88. 1754.
TYPE-SPECIEs.-Chysophyl~um cainito L.
RANGE.-About 70 species in the tropics, most- ly American, a few in Africa, one Asian, one Australian, and four i n New Caledonia.
1. Chysophyllum cainito L.
Chrysophytlum cainito L., Sp. PI. 192. 1753.-Pancher in Cuzent, Iles SOC. Tahiti. 234. 1860.-Lanessan, P1. Ut. Col.
Franc. 865. 1886.-Butteaud, F1. Tahiti. 56. 1891.-Wilder, Bish. Mus. Bull. 86:86. 1931.-Christophersen, Bish. Mus.
Bull. 128:171. 1935.
DEscRIPTroN.-Striking tree with twigs and leaves (below) shining reddish brown pubescent.
Blades elliptical, 7-10 X 4-4.5 cm, coriaceous, lucid above. Flowers small, in sessile, axillary fas- cicles. Fruit globose, 5-10 cm, in diameter, 7-10- celled, purple.
RANGE.-sOCietY Islands (cultivated): Tahiti:
Brown 1196, alt. 60 m (200 ft), 17 October 1922, sterile (BISH); Grant 4310, Papeete, alt. 6 m, 22 October 1930, flower (BISH, MIN). Raiatea:
Moore 697, Huaru, alt. 1 m, 31 March 1927 (BISH, 2 sheets; MIN).
Native to the West Indies. Introduced into Tahiti in 1852 by Admiral Bruat, according to Pancher. Previously reported from Rarotonga (! ) and Samoa. Also cultivated in Hawaii and in Fiji (Gillespie 4637, Taviuni, BISH).
LOCAL NAMEs.-Enghh: star-apple, from the shape of the “core.” French: cainitier. Grant heard no Tahitian name for this. Christophersen states that it is called pipi o eva in Savaii.
STYRACACEAE 1. Styrm
L.
Styrax L., Gen. P1. 5th ed. 203. 1754.
TYPE--SPECIEs.-Styrax Oficinalis L.
RANGE.-About 60 species, in tropical Americas and Asia, with one in the Mediterranean region.
1. Styrax benzoin Dryander
Styrax benzoin Dryander, Phil. Trans. 77:308, t.12. 1787.- Perkins, in Das Pflanz., 30:60. 1907.
DESCRIPTION (based on Wilder 1238).-Tree, 10 m high. Young growth, inflorescence, perianth and fruit greenish gray, stellate-tomentose. Leaves alternate, to 12 X 4 cm, entire or somewhat ir- regularly toothed, glabrous above, white stellate- tomentose below. Panicles axillary, loose, to 6 cm long, about 12-flowered. Calyx cup-shaped, 3 mm long, barely 4-toothed. Petals 4, valvate, linear- oblong, 5 mm long, obtuse. Fruit globose, 13 mm in diameter, 1-celled, thick-walled. Seeds basal, globose, 6 mm long.
T h e specimen checks with Perkins’ description except that the perianth, in part at least, is 4- merous instead of 5-merous, and the petals are very short.
RANGE.-society Islands (cultivated): Tahiti:
W i l d e r 1238, Papeete, 5 January 1929, flower and fruit (BISH). Native to Java, Sumatra, and Malacca.
EBENACEAE
SYMPLOCACEAE One of the few families which has produced
several endemic species (in 2 genera) in Fiji, Tonga, Samoa, and Hawaii, but which does not
A single species in Polynesia, Symplocos lepto- phylla (Brand) Turrill, endemic in Fiji.
NUMBER 17 29 OLEACEAE Linociera pauciflora C. B. Clarke, occurring in Tonga and Fiji, and ranging west to Burma. There Besides the following two genera, two other are in Polynesia four endemic species, four other indigenous species, and at least eight introduced ornamentals.
species occur in Polynesia, Osmanthus sandwicensis (Gray) Knoblauch, which is endemic in Hawaii, and
Key to the Genera of Oleaceae in the Society Islands
Small tree; leaves silvery-scaly beneath with stellate hairs; corolla lobes valvate; fruit a drupe.
Shrubs or vines: leaves glabrous or pubesce
...
... 1. Olea
Ila lobes imbricated; fruit a berry, deeply divided and appearing as 2, each 2-seeded, often only 1 of the halves of the berry maturing ... ... 2. Jasminum
1. Olea L. scaly beneath with stellate hairs. Perianth 4-merous,
Olea L., Gen. PI. 5th ed. 8. 1754.
TYPE-SPECIES.-olea europaea L.
RANCE.-AbOut 40 species, centering in South Africa and the Austro:Malasian region. Olea vi- tiensis Seemann is endemic in Fiji, and 0. panicu- Zata R. Brown has been reported in cultivation in Hawaii.
1. Olea europaea L.
OIea europaea L., Sp. PI. 8. 1753.-Pancher in Cuzent, Jles SOC. Tahiti 234. 1860.-Hillebrand, F1. Haw. Is. 301. 1888.- Butteaud, F1. Tahit. 57. 1891.-Rechinger, Denks. Akad.
Wien 85:328. 1910.
fragrant, the lobes valvate. Fruit a drupe, ellipsoidal, 1 . 2 4 cm long.
RANGE.-soCiety Islands (cultivated) : Tahiti:
Grant 4357, Jardin de Mamao, 29 October 1930, sterile (BISH, MIN). Introduced into Tahiti in 1848 by Robin, according to Pancher.
Also in cultivation in Hawaii, Rarotonga, and Samoa. T h e Tahitian and Rarotongan trees have apparently not fruited. Native to the Mediter- ranean region.
LOCAL NAMES.-English: olive. Tahitian: orive, a simple borrowing.
2, Jasminum L.
Olea sativa Hoffmannsegg and Link, F1. Port. 1:388. 1809?.- Jasminum L., Gen. P1. 5th ed. 6. 1754.
Wilder, Bish. Mus. Bull. 86:84. 1931.
TYPE-SPEcIEs.-Jasminum o@cinale L.
DESCRIPTION.-small tree. Leaves elliptic to DEsCRIPTION.-?3hrubs or vines with opposite oblanceolate, averaging about 5 X 1.2 cm, silvery- (or subopposite ) leaves. Inflorescence cymose-
Key to the Species of Jasminum in the Society Islands
1. Leaves simple, entire; cultivated.
2. Blades predominately chartaceous, rather prominently reticulate on both surfaces; calyx teeth 4-8 mm long, pubescent to glabrous; corolla lobes obtuse to rounded, about equaling 2. Blades thicker, predominately pergameneous, not prominently reticulate above; calyx teeth 12-18 mm long, densely pubescent with spreading hairs: corolla lobes acute, often longer than the tube ... 2 . J . multiflorum 1. Leaves compound or deeply pinnatifid.
3. Leaves 5-7-foliolate (or deeply pinnatifid); cultivated ... 3. J . officinale f. grandiflorum 3. Leaves 3-foliolate.
4. Young twigs and cymes heavily tomentose; leaflets acute; calyx teeth 0.7 mm long:
corolla lobes 8-10 mm long; cultivated ... 4 . J . oxmicum 4. Young twigs and cymes pubescent but not tomentose; leaflets predominately obtuse, though o n shade-leaves often acute: calyx teeth minute (0.3 mm) or obsolete; corolla lobes 3-5 (-8) mm long; native ... . 5 . J . didymum
... 1. J . sambac
30 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS T O BOTANY
paniculate. Corolla salverform with imbricated lobes. Fruit a berry, deeply lobed and appearing as 2, each of the 2 cells ripening bu t each with 1 seed, and frequently but one of the cells maturing.
RANGE.-oVer 200 species, mostly in south- western Asia and the East Indies, many in Africa and Australia, one i n Peru, and one i n the Medi- terranean region. I n Polynesia, beside the fol- lowing, are found endemic species in Samoa (1) and Fiji (2), another occurring from Samoa through Tonga and Fiji to Australia, and others in cultivation i n Hawaii. One indigenous and four cultivated species i n the Society Islands.