H. Summary of Identification and Evaluation Methods
I. Major Bibliographical References
The references used in this study are divided into four categories: African American, Pre WWII;
African American, Post WWII; Latino; and Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender.
African American, Pre WWII
Adler, Mortimer J., Charles Van Doren, and George Ducas (eds.). The Negro in American History, 3 vols. Chicago: Encyclopedia Brittanica Educational Corp., 1969.
Barnes, Catherine. Journey from Jim Crow: The Desegregation of Southern Transit. New York:
Columbia University Press, 1983.
Berlin, Ira. Slaves Without Masters: The Free Negro in the Antebellum South. New York: Pantheon Books, 1974.
Campbell, Walter E. “Profit, Prejudice, and Protest: Utility Competition and the Generation of Jim Crow Streetcars in Savannah, 1905-1907,” Georgia Historical Quarterly, 70 (1986): 197-231.
Cheek, William and Aime Lee Cheek. John Mercer Langston and the Fight for Black Freedom, 1829-1865. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1996.
Civil Rights Act of 1875, Ch. 114, 18 Stat. 335.
Civil Rights Cases, 108 U.S. 3 (1883).
Coleman, Willi. “Black Women and Segregated Public Transportation: Ninety Years of Resistance.”
In Darlene Clark Hine, ed., Black Women in American History: The Twentieth Century. New York:
Carlson Publishing, Inc., 1990.
Du Bois, W.E.B. “Strivings of the Negro People.” Atlantic Monthly, August 1897, 194-198.
Elliott, Mark. “Race, Color Blindness, and the Democratic Public: Albion W. Tourge’e’s Radical Principles in Plessy v. Ferguson.” Journal of Southern History, LXVII, No. 2, (May 2002): 287-330.
Fischer, Roger A. “A Pioneer Protest: The New Orleans Street-Car Controversy of 1867.” Journal of Negro History, 52 (1968), 219-233.
Foner, Eric, ed. America’s Black Past: A Reader in Afro-American History. New York: Harper and Row Publishers, 1970.
Franklin, John Hope. From Slavery to Freedom: A History of Negro Americans. New York: Knopf, 1967.
Goodwin, Doris Kearns. No Ordinary Time: Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt: The Home Front in World War II. New York: Touchstone, 1995.
Gowen, Annie. “Overdue at the Library.” The Washington Post, August 23, 1999, C1.
Graves, John William. “Jim Crow in Arkansas: A Reconsideration of Urban Race Relations in the Post-Reconstruction South.” Journal of Southern History, 55, no. 3 (1989): 421-428.
Greene, Lorenzo. The Negro in Colonial New England, 1620-1776. New York: Columbia University Press, 1942.
Hall, Kermit L. (ed.) The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States. New York:
Oxford University Press, 1992.
Harlan, Louis R. “Booker T. Washington: 1865-1915, Educator.”
www.docsouth.unc.edu/Washington/bio.html.
Hine, Darlene Clark, ed. Black Women in America: An Historical Encyclopedia. Vol. I. Brooklyn, New York: Carlson Publishing Co., 1993.
_____, William C. Hine, and Stanley Harrold. The African-American Odyssey. 2nd ed., Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc., 2002.
Hornsby, Alton, Jr. Chronology of African American History. 2nd. ed., Detroit: Gale Research, Inc., 1997.
Howard, John R. The Shifting Wind: The Supreme Court and Civil Rights from Reconstruction to Brown. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1999.
Hoogenboom, A. and O. Hoogenboom. A History of the ICC, from Panacea to Palliative. New York: W. W. Norton and Co., Inc., 1976.
Jordan, Winthrop D. White Over Black: American Attitudes Toward the Negro, 1550-1812. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1977.
Kluger, Richard. Simple Justice. New York: Knopf, 1975.
Kousser, J. Morgan. “A Black Protest in the Era of Accommodation: Documents.” Arkansas Historical Quarterly 34 (1975): 161-173.
Kluger, Richard. Simple Justice. New York: Knopf, 1975.
Kutler, Stanley I. The Dred Scott Decision: Law or Politics. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1967.
Lerner, Gerda, ed. Black Women in White America: A Documentary History. New York: Vintage Books, 1973.
Litwack, Leon F. North of Slavery: The Free Negro in the United States, 1790-1860. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1961.
_____. Trouble in Mind: Black Southerners in the Age of Jim Crow. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1998.
Lorini, Alessandra. Rituals of Race: American Public Culture and the Search for Racial Democracy. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1999.
Meier, August and Elliott Rudwick. “The Boycott Movement Against Jim Crow Streetcars in the South, 1900-1906.” In August Meier and Elliott Rudwick, Along the Color Line: Explorations in the Black Experience. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1976.
_____. “The Origins of Nonviolent Direct Action in Afro-American Protest: A Note on Historical Discontinuities.” In August Meier and Elliott Rudwick, Along the Color Line: Explorations in the Black Experience. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1976.
Miller, Loren. The Petitioners: The Story of the Supreme Court of the United States and the Negro.
New York: Pantheon Books, 1966.
Norris, Marjorie M. “An Early Instance of Nonviolence: The Louisville Demonstrations of 1870- 1871,” Journal of Southern History, 32 (1966): 487-504.
Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 U.S. 537 (1896).
Rabinowitz, Howard N. “From Exclusion to Segregation: Southern Race Relations, 1865-1890,”
Journal of American History, 63, no. 2 (1976): 325-350.
Redkey, Edwin, compl. & ed. Respect Black: The Writings and Speeches of Henry McNeal Turner.
New York: Arno Press, 1971.
Riegel, Stephen J. “The Persistent Career of Jim Crow: Lower Federal Courts and the ‘Separate but Equal’ Doctrine, 1865-1896.” The American Journal of Legal History, XXVII (1984): 349-372.
Rubio, Philip F. A History of Affirmative Action, 1619-2000. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2001.
Somers, Dale A. “Black and White in New Orleans: A Study in Urban Race Relations, 1865-1900.”
Journal of Southern History, XL, No. 1, (February 1974): 383-406.
Stephenson, Gilbert Thomas. “Racial Distinctions in Public Law.” American Political Science Review, I (1960), 416-420.
_____. “The Separation of the Races in Public Conveyances,” The American Political Science Review, 3, no. 2 (May 1909).
Thomas, Brook, ed. Plessy v. Ferguson: A Brief History with Documents. Boston: Bedford Books, 1997.
Washington, Booker T. Up From Slavery. New York: Dodd, Mead & Company, 1965 and New York: Airmont Classic Edition, 1967.
“W.E.B. DuBois addresses the second annual meeting of the Niagara Conference, Harpers Ferry, WV, August 16, 1906,” www.pbs.org/greatspeeches/timeline/web_dubois_s.html, assessed on April 18, 2003.
Weiss, Nancy J. “The Negro and the New Freedom: Fighting Wilsonian Segregation.” In The Age of Jim Crow: Segregation from the End of Reconstruction to the Great Depression. Edited by Paul Finkelman, New York: Garland Publishing, Inc., 1992.
Woodward, C. Vann. The Strange Career of Jim Crow. New York: Oxford University Press, Inc., 2002.
Wormser, Richard. “Niagara Movement (1905-1910),
www.pbs.org/wnet/jimcrow/stories_events_niagara.html, assessed on April 18, 2003.
Wright, Donald R. African Americans in the Early Republic, 1789-1831. Arlington Heights, IL:
Harlan Davidson, Inc., 1993.
African American, Post WWII
Adelson, Bruce. Brushing Back Jim Crow: The Integration of Minor-League Baseball in the American South. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1999.
Bardolph, Richard, ed. The Civil Rights Record. New York: Thomas Crowell, 1970.
Barnes, Catherine A. Journey From Jim Crow: The Desegregation of Southern Transit. New York:
Columbia University Press, 1983.
Bartley, Numan V. The Rise of Massive Resistance. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1970.
Beschloss, Michael R. Taking Charge: The Johnson White House Tapes, 1963-1964. New York:
Simon & Schuster, 1997.
Borstelmann, Thomas. The Cold War and the Color Line: American Race Relations in the Global Arena. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2002.
Branch, Taylor. Parting the Waters: America in the King Years 1954-63. New York: Simon &
Schuster, 1988.
Brauer, Carl M. John F. Kennedy and the Second Reconstruction. New York: Columbia University Press, 1977.
Brinkley, Douglas. Rosa Parks. New York: Viking, 2000.
Brophy, William. “Active Acceptance—Active Containment: The Dallas Story.” In Southern Businessmen and Desegregation. Edited by Elizabeth Jacoway and David R. Colburn. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1982, 171-50.
Burk, Robert F. The Eisenhower Administration and Black Civil Rights. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1984.
Butler, J. Michael. “The Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission and Beach Integration, 1959- 1963: A Cotton-Patch Gestapo.” Journal of Southern History 68 (February, 2002): 107-48.
Carmichael, Stokely and Charles V. Hamilton. Black Power. New York: Random House, 1967.
Carson, Clayborne. In Struggle: SNCC and the Black Awakening of the 1960s. Cambridge, Mass.:
Harvard University Press, 1981.
Chafe, William H. Civilities and Civil Rights. New York: Oxford University Press, 1980.
Cobb, James C. “Yesterday’s Liberalism: Business Boosters and Civil Rights in Augusta, Georgia.”
In Southern Businessmen and Desegregation, edited by Elizabeth Jacoway and David Colburn.
Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1982, 151-69.
Colburn, David R. Racial Change and Community Crisis: St. Augustine, Florida, 1877-1980. New York: Columbia University Press, 1985.
Colburn, David R. “The Saint Augustine Business Community: Desegregation 1963-1964.” In Southern Businessmen and Desegregation, edited by Elizabeth Jacoway and David R. Colburn.
Baton Rouge: Louisiana state University Press, 1982, 211-35.
Cortner, Richard C. Civil Rights and Public Accommodations: The Heart of Atlanta Motel and McClung Cases. Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 2001.
Crawford, Vicki L, Jacqueline Anne Rouse, and Barbara Woods, eds. Women in the Civil Rights Movement: Tailblazers and Torchbearers, 1941-1965. Brooklyn, New York: Carlson Publishing, 1990.
Dallek, Robert. Flawed Giant: Lyndon Johnson and His Times, 1961-1973. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998.
Dittmer, John. Local People: The Struggle for Civil Rights in Mississippi. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1994.
Dryden, Charles. A-Train: Memoirs of a Tuskegee Airman. Tuscaloosa, AL.: University of Alabama Press, 1997.
Dudziak, Mary L. Cold War Civil Rights: Race and the Image of American Democracy. Princeton:
Princeton University Press, 2001.
Edge, Thomas J. “Federal versus Community Politics: The Howard University Sit-In Movement of 1943-44 and its Implications in the Black Community,” unpublished Honors Thesis, Rutgers University, 1998.
Eskew, Glenn T. But for Birmingham: The Local and National Movements in the Civil Rights Struggle. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1997.
Fairclough, Adam. Race & Democracy: The Civil Rights Struggle in Louisiana 1915-1972. Athens:
University of Georgia Press, 1995.
_____. To Redeem the Soul of America” The Southern Christian Leadership Conference and Martin Luther King, Jr. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1987.
Farmer, James. Lay Bare the Heart. New York: Arbor House, 1985.
Forman, James. Sammy Younge, Jr. New York: Grove Press, 1968.
Garfinkel, Herbert. When Negroes March. New York: Atheneum, 1969.
Garrow, David J. Bearing the Cross: Martin Luther King, Jr., and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. New York: Morrow, 1986.
Garrow, David R., ed. The Walking City: The Montgomery Bus Boycott of 1955-1956. Brooklyn:
Carlson Publishing, 1989.
_____. We Shall Overcome: The Civil Rights Movement in the United States in the 1950’s and 1960’s. Volume 1, Brooklyn: Carlson Publishing, 1989.
Giddings, Paula. Where and When I Enter: The Impact of Black Women on Race and Sex in America. New York: Bantam Books, 1984.
Gilliam, Thomas J. “The Montgomery Bus Boycott of 1955-1956.” In The Walking City: The Montgomery Bus Boycott of 1955-1956, edited by David Garrow. Brooklyn: Carlson Publishing, 1989, 197-282.
Glen, John M. Highlander: No Ordinary School, 1932-1962. Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 1988.
Graham, Hugh Davis. The Civil Rights Era: Origins and Development of National Policy. New York: Oxford University Press, 1990.
Grant, Joanne. Ella Baker: Freedom Bound. New York: John Wiley, 1998.
Graves, Carl R. “The Right to be Served: Oklahoma City’s Lunch Counter Sit-ins, 1958-1964.” In We Shall Overcome: The Civil Rights Movement in the United States in the 1950’s and 1960’s.
Edited by David J. Garrow. Volume 1, Brooklyn: Carlson Publishing, 1989.
Grofman, Bernard, ed. Legacies of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2000.
Grofman, Alan J. The Air Force Integrates, 1945-1968. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1998.
Grossman, Joel B. “A Model for Judicial Policy Analysis: The Supreme Court and the Sit-In Cases.”
In Frontiers of Judicial Research, edited by Joel B. Grossman and Joseph Tanenhaus. New York:
John Wiley, 1969, 405-60.
Halberstam, David. The Children. New York: Random House, 1998.
Hine, Darlene Clark. Black Victory: The Rise and Fall of the White Primary in Texas. New York:
KTO Press, 1979.
Homan, Lynn and Thomas Reilly. Black Knights: The Story of the Tuskegee Airmen. Gretna, LA:
Pelican Press, 2001.
Jacoway, Elizabeth and David R. Colburn. Southern Businessmen and Desegregation. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1982.
Kelley, Robin D. G. Race Rebels: Culture, Politics, and the Black Working Class. New York: Free Press, 1994.
Kennedy, Randall. “The Struggle for Racial Equality in Public Accommodations.” In Legacies of the 1964 Civil Rights Act, edited by Bernard Grofman. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2000, 156-63.
King, Jr., Martin Luther. Why We Can’t Wait. New York: Signet, 2000.
Kluger, Richard. Simple Justice. New York: Knopf, 1975.
Lawson, Steven F. Black Ballots: Voting Rights in the South, 1944-1969. Second edition, Lantham, Maryland: Lexington Books, 1999.
_____. and Charles Payne. Debating the Civil Rights Movement, 1945-1968. Lanham, Maryland:
Rowman & Littlefield, 1998.
_____. “From Sit-In to Race Riot: Businessmen, Blacks, and the Pursuit of Moderation in Tampa, 1960-1967.” In Southern Businessmen and Desegregation, edited by Elizabeth Jacoway and David Colburn. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1982, 257-81.
_____. In Pursuit of Power: Southern Blacks and Electoral Politics, 1965-1962. New York:
Columbia University Press, 1985.
_____. Running for Freedom: Civil Rights and Black Politics in America Since 1941. New York:
McGraw-Hill, 1997.
Lemke-Santangelo, Gretchen. Abiding Courage: African-American Migrant Women and the East Bay Community. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1996.
Levine, Daniel. Bayard Rustin and the Civil Rights Movement. New Brunswick, New Jersey:
Rutgers University Press, 2000.
Lewis, John. Walking With the Wind: A Memoir of the Movement. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1998.
Lofton, Jr., Paul S. “Calm and Exemplary: Desegregation in Columbia, South Carolina.” In
Southern Businessmen and Desegregation, edited by Elizabeth Jacoway and David Colburn. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1982, 70-81.
McCoy, Donald R. and Ronald T. Ruetten. Quest and Response: Minority Rights and the Truman Administration. Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 1973.
McFadden, Grace Jordan. “Septima P. Clark and the Struggle for Human Rights.” In Women in the Civil Rights Movement: Tailblazers and Torchbearers, 1941-1965. Edited by Vicki L. Crawford, Jacqueline Anne Rouse, and Barbara Woods. Brooklyn: Carlson Publishing, 1990, 85-97.
Meier, August. “The Successful Sit-Ins in a Border City: A Study in Social Causation,” The Journal of Intergroup Relations, 2 (Summer 1961): 230-37.
Meier, August and Elliott Rudwick. CORE: A Study of the Civil Rights Movement, 1942-1968. New York: Oxford University Press, 1973.
Moody, Anne. Coming of Age in Mississippi. New York: Dell Publishing, 1968.
Morris, Aldon. “Black Southern Student Sit-In Movement: An Analysis of Internal Organization.”
American Sociological Review 46 (December 1981).
_____. The Origins of the Civil Rights Movement: Black Communities Organizing for Change.
New York: Free Press, 1984.
Murray, Pauli. The Autobiography of a Black Activist, Feminist, Lawyer, Priest, and Poet.
Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1989.
_____. States’ Laws on Race and Color. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1997.
Nelson, Jack and Jack Bass. The Orangeburg Massacre. New York: World Publishing Co., 1970.
Nieman, Donald G. Promises to Keep: African-Americans and the Constitutional Order, 1776 to the Present. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991.
Oppenheimer, Martin. The Sit-in Movement of 1960. Brooklyn: Carlson Publishing, 1989.
Payne, Charles. I’ve Got the Light of Freedom. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995.
Pfeffer, Paula F. A. Philip Randolph, Pioneer of the Civil Rights Movement. Baton Rouge:
Louisiana State University Press, 1990.
Polenberg, Richard. War and Society: The United States, 1941-1945. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1972.
President’s Committee on Civil Rights. To Secure These Rights. Washington, D.C.,: Government Printing Office, 1947.
Proudfoot, Merrill. Diary of a Sit-In. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1990.
Rabby, Glenda Alice. The Pain and the Promise: the Struggle for Civil Rights in Tallahassee, Florida. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1999.
Raines, Howell. My Soul Is Rested: Movement Days in the Deep South Remembered. New York:
Putnam, 1977.
Robinson, Jo Ann Gibson. The Montgomery Bus Boycott and the Women who Started It. Edited by David J. Garrow. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1987.
Robnett, Belinda. How Long? How Long? African-American Women in the Struggle for Civil Rights. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.
Rorabaugh, W. J. Berkeley at War: The 1960s. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.
Salter, Jr., John R. Jackson, Mississippi: An American Chronicle of Struggle and Schism.
Hicksville, NY: Exposition Press, 1979.
Scott, Lawrence and William M. Womack, Sr. Double V: The Civil Rights Struggle of the Tuskegee Airmen. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 1992.
Sellers, Cleveland. River of No Return: The Autobiography of a Black Militant and the Life and Death of SNCC. Jackson: University of Mississippi Press, 1990.
Silver, James W. Mississippi: The Closed Society. New York: Harcourt, Brace, & World, 1966.
Sitkoff, Harvard. The Struggle for Black Equality 1954-1980. New York: Hill & Wang, 1981.
Taylor, Quintard. In Search of the Racial Frontier: African Americans in the American West 1528- 1990. New York: Norton, 1998.
Thurber, Timothy N. The Politics of Equality: Hubert H. Humphrey and the African-American Freedom Struggle. New York: Columbia University Press, 1999.
Trotter, Anne. “The Memphis Business Community and Integration.” In Southern Businessmen and Desegregation, edited by Elizabeth Jacoway and David Colburn. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1982, 282-300.
Tygiel, Jules. Baseball’s Great Experiment: Jackie Robinson and His Legacy. New York: Oxford University Press, 1984.
Tyson, Timothy B. Radio Free Dixie: Robert F. Williams and the Origins of Black Power. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1999.
United States Commission on Civil Rights. Freedom to the Free: A Century of Emancipation, 1863- 1963. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1963.
Wagy, Tom. Governor LeRoy Collins of Florida: Spokesman of the New South. University, AL:
University of Alabama Press, 1985.
Washington, James M., ed. A Testament of Hope: The Essential Writings and Speeches of Martin Luther King, Jr. New York: Harper Collins, 1986.
Whalen, Charles and Barbara Whalen. The Longest Debate: A Legislative History of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. New York: New American Library, 1985.
White, Deborah Gray. Too Heavy a Load: Black Women in Defense of Themselves 1894-1994. New York: Norton, 1999.
Williams, Juan. Eyes on the Prize: America’s Civil Rights Years. New York: Viking Press, 1987.
Wilson, William Julius. The Declining Significance of Race: Blacks and Changing American Institutions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1978.
Wolff, Myles. Lunch at the 5 & 10: The Greensboro Sit-Ins: A Contemporary History. New York:
Stein & Day, 1970.
Wright, George C. “Desegregation of Public Accommodations in Louisville: a Long and Difficult Struggle in a ‘Liberal’ Border City.” In Southern Businessmen and Desegregation, edited by Elizabeth Jacoway and David R. Colburn. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1982, 191-210.
Zinn, Howard. SNCC: The New Abolitionists. Boston: Beacon Press, 1965.
Latino
Acuña, Rudolfo F. Occupied America: A History of Chicanos. 2nd ed. New York: Harper and Row, 1981.
Almaguer, Tomás. Racial Fault Lines: The Historical Origins of White Supremacy in California.
Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994.
Balderrama, Francisco, and Raymond Rodríguez. Decade of Betrayal: Mexican Repatriation in the 1930s. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1995.
Camarillo, Albert. Chicanos in a Changing Society: From Mexican Pueblos to American Barrios in Santa Barbara and Southern California, 1848-1930. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1979.
Chávez, Miroslava. “"Pongo Mi Demanda:" Challenging Patriarchy in Mexican Los Angeles, 1830- 1850.” In Over The Edge: Remapping the American West, edited by Valerie Matsumoto, and Blake Allmendinger. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999.
De León, Arnoldo. Mexican Americans in Texas. 2nd ed. Wheeling, IL: Harlan Davidson, Inc., 1999.
Deutsch, Sarah. No Separate Refuge: Culture, Class, and Gender on an Anglo-Hispanic Frontier in the American Southwest, 1880-1940. New York: Oxford University Press, 1987.
Foley, Neil. "Becoming Hispanic: Mexican Americans and the Faustian Pact with Whiteness." In Reflexiones 1997: New Directions in Mexican American Studies, edited by N. Foley. Austin, TX:
Center for Mexican American Studies, 1998.
_____. The White Scourge: Mexicans, Blacks, and Poor Whites in Texas Cotton Culture. Berkeley:
University of California Press, 1997.
Garcia, Mario T. Mexican Americans: Leadership, Ideology, and Identity, 1930-1960. New Haven:
Yale University Press, 1989.
Garcia, Matt. A World of Its Own: Race, Labor, and Citrus in the Making of Greater Los Angeles, 1900-1970. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press, 2001.
Gutiérrez, David. Walls and Mirrors: Mexican Americans, Mexican Immigrants, and the Politics of Ethnicity. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995.
Gutiérrez, Ramón. When Jesus Came, the Corn Mothers Went Away: Marriage, Sexuality, and Power in New Mexico, 1500-1846. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1991.
Hewitt, Nancy A. Southern Discomfort: Women's Activism in Tampa, Florida, 1880s-1920s, Women in American History. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2001.
“History of WWII Gets the Latino Perspective.” May 27, 2002, Los Angeles Times, Metro, Part 2, page 1.
Lay, Shawn, ed. The Invisible Empire in the West. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1992.
Lipsitz, George. The Possessive Investment in Whiteness: How White People Profit from Identity Politics. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1998.
Luckingham, Bradford. Minorities in Phoenix: A Profile of Mexican American, Chinese American, and African American Communities, 1860-1992. Tucson: The University of Arizona Press, 1994.
McWilliams, Carey. North From Mexico: The Spanish-Speaking People of the United States. New York: Praeger, 1948, reprint 1990.
_____. "Los Angeles: An Emerging Pattern." Common Ground IX, no. 3, 1949: 3-10.