3.1 Research Design
This research will use descriptive qualitative. This method helps the writer in conducting this research. According to Moleong in Lederer (2022), qualitative descriptive research is research that intends to understand phenomena about what research subjects experience, for example, behaviour, perception, motivation, and action, holistically and by means of descriptions in the form of words and language in a specific context. This approach to choose because the writer examines and interprets the political content find in the posters. Moreover, political posters for Indonesian presidential candidates employ semiotic analysis, which is described, examined, and interpreted using this methodology.
3.2 The Source of Data
The data source in this research will take five from every political posters of the 2024 Indonesian presidential candidates from internet. The presidential candidates consist of 3 pairs: Anies Baswedan-Abdul Muhaimin Iskandar, Prabowo Subianto-Gibran Rakabuming, Ganjar Pranowo-Mahfud Mahmodin. The data source for this research is based on the meaning of the signs and the interpreted meanings contained in the political posters of the Indonesian presidential candidates.
3.3 The Technique of Collecting Data
The data collection technique in this research is documentation. According to
from books, archives, papers, written numbers, and photos to create reports and information that can aid in a study is known as documentation.
1. Searching images of political posters for the 2024 Indonesian presidential candidates on the internet.
2. Choosing 5 posters of each 2024 Indonesian presidential candidate.
3. Download each political poster image from the internet and take the poster source then put into Word.
3.4 The Technique of Analysing Data
After collecting and analyzing data, the writer will use qualitative analysis of political posters regarding the 2024 Indonesian presidential candidates to present the results. This research focuses on the semiotic theory of Charles Sanders Pierce. Some identify, classify, describe, interpret, and draw conclusions.
According to Moleong in Fadillah & Sabella (2022), the process of arranging and classifying data into fundamental units of description, patterns, and categories to identify themes and develop working hypotheses based on the data is known as data analysis. The writer analyzes the data by:
1. Classifying all the posters according to Pierce as objects in the form of icons, index, and symbols.
2. Tabulating all the classified data
3. Analyzing all political posters for the 2024 Indonesian presidential candidates using Pierce's theory of triadic meaning.
4. Drawing a conclusion
CHAPTER IV
DATA AND DATA ANALYSIS
This chapter discusses data and data analysis. The findings presented are data on political posters for the 2024 Indonesian presidential candidates along with their scope and analysis of further signs.
4.1 Data
In this part of the research, the author presents the results of research on the analysis of semiotic signs on the political posters of the 2024 Indonesian presidential candidates. The data that the author presents in this research are 15 political posters of the 2024 Indonesian presidential candidates. The data found on the posters consists of several types of signs, namely icons, indexes, and symbols.
In this research, the data contained in the posters was analyzed using Pierce's semiotic theory, which is called the triadic model, including interpretant, representation, and object components. The author analyzes data on signs on political posters for the 2024 Indonesian presidential candidates. In these posters, the author finds several signs that reveal the meaning of the poster. The data was taken from the Google Internet. The author found three types of signs that he analyzed, namely icons, indexes, and symbols.
4.2 Data Analysis
After taking political posters of the 2024 Indonesian presidential candidates from the internet, the author found signs. The following is an analysis of data that the author obtained from 15 political posters of Indonesian presidential candidates
in 2024. The data obtained and analyzed is to find the meaning of Pierce's semiotics, namely icon, index, and symbol.
Data 1
This poster is from the campaign of candidate number one, where Anies Baswedan is the presidential candidate and Abdul Muhaimin Iskandar is the vice- presidential candidate. The Anies-Muhaimin pair is supported by the Change Coalition, which consists of three parties supporting the DPR RI, namely the NasDem Party, PKB, and PKS.
a. Ikon
The face of two men are icons that depict the individuals involved in the election.
The red-white flag flying in the background are icon that represents a strong national icon.
b. Index
The word of “ANIES BASWEDAN-ABDUL MUHAIMIN ISKANDAR”
The word of “RELAWAN AMIN” indexing supporters of presidential candidate number 1.
c. Symbol
The word of “CAPRES-CAWAPRES 2024” shows the political campaign of the number 1 presidential candidate pair.
The word of “PERUBAHAN BERSAMA RAKYAT” depicts the spirit of unity and struggle.
This poster tries to convey the message of the vision and mission of the candidate pair which is summarized in the slogan change with the people and invites volunteers to support these candidates in the 2024 presidential and vice- presidential elections. Even though the candidates' faces are censored, the spirit of the campaign can still be felt through the text and this poster design.
Data 2
The poster above is a political campaign poster for Anies Baswedan and Muhaimin Iskandar as presidential and vice-presidential candidates for 2024. The
Anies-Muhaimin pair is supported by the Change Coalition, which consists of three parties supporting the DPR RI, namely the NasDem Party, PKB, and PKS.
a. Ikon
Two smiling men are an icon that describes the individuals involved in the presidential election campaign.
The red-white flag flying in the background represents a strong national icon.
b. Index
The text “CAPRES CAWAPRES 2024” indexing the poster to the 2024 presidential and vice-presidential elections.
The text “ANIES BASWEDAN, MUHAIMIN ISKANDAR” indexing the name of individuals candidate of presidential.
c. Symbol:
The statue of IKADA The statues of IKADA shows a national identity and symbols
The poster shows two men taking photos while smiling, wearing neat clothes and skullcaps, showing their confidence and readiness to run for president and vice president in 2024. The background of the photo is supported by the red and white flag, which strengthens the state symbol of Indonesia.
Data 3
This poster is from the first candidate's campaign, in which Abdul Muhaimin Iskandar is running for vice president and Anies Baswedan is running for president. The three parties that support the DPR RI—the NasDem Party, PKB, and PKS—make form the Change Coalition, which backs the Anies-Muhaimin duo.
a. Ikon
The two men in the poster is the individual icon of the presidential candidate pair.
Badge with the word “AMIN” indicate individual or group identity.
b. Index
The word “ANIES&MUHAIMIN 1 AMIN” indexing two individuals seen in the image.
The word “INDONESIA ADIL&MAKMUR UNTUK SEMUA” index that conveys the campaign message.
c. Symbol
The top of the image uses red and white, which are the color of the Indonesian flag. The bottom of the image has a dark blue background with green and red stripes, possibly depicting diversity and national spirit.
This poster features two people with censored faces, standing side by side and giving a thumbs up. This symbolizes unity and support for the couple Anies and Muhaimin. At the bottom of the image, there is text in capital letters that states
"FAIR & PROSPEROUS INDONESIA FOR ALL" which emphasizes the importance of justice and prosperity for all Indonesian citizens.
Data 4
The poster above is a political campaign poster for Anies Baswedan as presidential candidate and Muhaimi Iskandar as vice presidential candidate for 2024. The pair is ranked number 1, supported by the NasDem, PKB and PKS parties.
a. Ikon
The two men in the poster is the individual icon of the presidential
The red-white flag flying in the background represents a strong national icon.
Badge with the word “AMIN” indicate individual or group identity.
b. Index
The text “Pilihan Terbaik Untuk Perubahan” indexing the people's choice that Anies-Muhaimin is the right choice to lead Indonesia
c. Symbol
Consisting of green and orange parts, it may represent the colors of a flag or political party.
The hands form a salute indicating the candidate's respect for the Indonesian nation.
The Word “#AminAjaDulu” symbolizes the abbreviation of the names Anis and Muhaimin to be given the opportunity to lead the country.
The skullcap hat used by the candidate symbolizes the Indonesian Cultural Association.
The large blue circle with the number 1 indicates the candidate's electoral number.
The word “Satu Nusa, Satu Bangsa, Satu Bahasa” symbolizes the oath of youth.
This poster features two male candidates whose faces are obscured to maintain privacy. There is a large blue circle with a prominent “1” in the background,
"SATU NUSA, SATU NATION, SATU LANGUAGE" under the number
"1," emphasizing national unity, which shows their commitment to togetherness and unity among citizens. This poster tries to convey the message that these two candidates are the best choice to bring about positive change.
Data 5
This poster is from the first candidate's campaign, in which Abdul Muhaimin Iskandar is running for vice president and Anies Baswedan is running for president. The three parties that support the DPR RI—the NasDem Party, PKB, and PKS—make form the Change Coalition, which backs the Anies-Muhaimin duo.
a. Ikon:
The two men are icons that depict the individuals involved in the election.
b. Index:
The word “Ayo Kita..!! Amiin..kan” has the meaning of inviting the people to elect and make Anies and Muhaimin leaders.
C. Symbol
The background of the sky and clouds symbolizes the bright atmosphere during the election period and the Indonesian sky.
The word “Indonesia Berdaulat” symbolizes Indonesian sovereignty and power.
The word “Capres-cawapres 2024-2029” symbolizes the period that will be led by the presidential candidate and vice-presidential candidate.
The skullcap hat used by the candidate symbolizes the Indonesian Cultural Association
This poster is political campaign material promoting two individuals for leadership positions, with an emphasis on Indonesian unity and sovereignty.
Underneath, there is the text “ANIES - CAK IMIN,” showing the names of the individuals being promoted. The slogan "INDONESIA BERDAULAT"
emphasizes national independence and sovereignty. The big text at the top says
“AYO KITA…!! AMIIN...KAN," which calls for action or provides support.
Data 6
The poster above is a political campaign poster for candidate number 2, with the names Prabowo Subianto as presidential candidate and Gibran Rakabumingraka as vice presidential candidate. The Prabowo-Gibran pair is supported by seven political parties.
a. Icon
The two individual faces describe the pair of presidential candidates in the election.
b. Index
The word DEKLARASI PRABOWO GIBRAN indexing the conveys the campaign message.
c. Symbol
The red and white background colors developed the Indonesian flag, while the yellow color symbolizes the attention of the candidate.
The skullcap hat used by the candidate symbolizes the Indonesian Cultural Association.
The word “Kabar Golkar” is a symbol of the party supporting the presidential candidate pair.
The number 4 symbolizes the serial number of the Golkar Party supporting the presidential candidate pair.
This poster features two individuals whose faces have been pixelated to maintain privacy. There is a main text that reads "PRABOWO GIBRAN
DECLARATION," which means the couple declares themselves to be the president's chosen partner. Also, below the main text, there is additional information in white indicating that these two individuals are candidates for president and vice president in 2024. The background at the top of the poster is red with a logo in both corners, possibly representing a political party or organization.
Data 7
The poster above is a political campaign poster for candidates Prabowo Subianto as presidential candidate and Gibran Rakabuming Raka as vice presidential candidate in 2024. The Prabowo-Gibran poster displays images of two figures who are representatives of two different generations.
a. Ikon
Two men's faces images of specific men that function as symbols for candidates in elections
A powerful national symbol is represented by the “red-white flag” floating in the background.
b. Index
The text “Indonesia Maju Bersama Prabowo-gibran” indexing the campaign message of the presidential candidate pair and vice-presidential candidate number 2 on the poster.
c. Symbol
The “map of Indonesia” represents the entire country and is a symbol of Indonesian identity.
The candidate's skullcap represents the Indonesian Cultural Association.
The word “CAPRES-CAWAPRES RI 2024” shows the political campaign of the number 2 presidential candidate pair of 2024.
This poster shows two individuals wearing formal clothes, and there is white text that reads, "Indonesia Forward Bersama." This depicts two individuals trying to move forward together for Indonesia, with the hope of leading the country in a better direction. The red and white colors on the poster also reflect the spirit of nationalism and patriotism.
Data 8
The poster above depicts the collaboration between Prabowo Subianto and Gibran Rakabuming Raka, two important figures in Indonesian politics who represent two different generations. The pair is in number two.
a. Ikon
The two men in the poster is the individual icon of the presidential candidate pair.
b. Index
The yellow circle with number “2” shows that there is a relationship between the characteristics represented by presidential candidate pair number 2.
The word “PRABOWOW 2024 GIBRAN” indexing the names of 2024 presidential candidate pair number 2.
c. Symbol
The text “BERSAMA INDONESIA MAJU” symbolizes the candidate's overall campaign message.
The background colors "sky blue" symbolizes the wisdom of the presidential candidate; the color "red" symbolizes the courage and strength of the candidate; and the color "yellow" symbolizes the candidate's sense of optimism in running for president.
The skullcap hat used by the candidate symbolizes the Indonesian Cultural Association.
The number “2” is a symbol of the serial number of the presidential candidate pair.
This poster shows two male figures, Prabowo and Gibran, in the political campaign for 2024. The text "PRABOWO 2024 GIBRAN BERSAMA INDONESIA MAJU" indicates support for their cooperation to advance Indonesia. The striking number "2" has the meaning of the serial number of the Prabowo-Gibran candidate pair.
Data 9
This poster shows two male figures who are candidates in the 2024 political elections, where Prabwowo is the presidential candidate and Gibran is the vice- presidential candidate. The pair was supported by seven parties, including Gerindra, Golkar, PAN, PBB, Garuda, and PSI.
a. Ikon
The faces of two men are icons that depict the individuals involved in the 2024 presidential candidate pair.
The red-white flag flying in the background represents a strong national icon.
b. Index
The text “INDONESIA MAJU BERSAMA” conveying the campaign message of the candidate pair “PRABOWO SUBIANTO-GIBRAN RAKABUMING RAKA”
c. Symbol
The white of background can depict the simplicity and sincerity of the presidential candidate.
The National Emblem of Indonesia, Garuda Pancasila, symbolizes the unity and integrity of the Indonesian nation.
The text “CALON PRESIDEN-CALON WAKIL PRESIDEN 2024”
symbolizes the presidential candidate at the general election event.
The Indonesian map image is a symbol of the country's identity and depicts Indonesia's homeland as a whole.
This poster shows two male figures, Prabowo and Gibran, in the political campaign for 2024. The text "PRABOWO 2024 GIBRAN BERSAMA INDONESIA MAJU" indicates support for their cooperation to advance Indonesia. The striking number "2" has the meaning of the serial number of the Prabowo-Gibran candidate pair.
Data 10
The image above is a political campaign poster for candidate number two, Prabowo Subianto running for president and Gibran Rakabuming Raka for vice president. Seven political parties back Prabowo and Gibran together.
a. Ikon
The “two men cartoon characters” shows two pairs of presidential candidates using cartoon characters that give a cool impression to the prospective candidates.
b. Index
The fingers that form the number two and the shape of love index the positive actions given by candidate pair number 2.
c. Symbol
The background color is sky blue on the background describes the identity of the party or candidate.
The red and white colors on the symbol on the poster represent the Indonesian flag.
The number “2” symbolizes the serial number of candidates in the presidential election.
The text “PRABOWO GIBRAN 2024” indicates the candidate and election year.
The word “BERSAMA INDONESIA MAJU” represents the candidate's overall platform.
This poster depicts a political campaign with the message "BERSAMA INDONESIA MAJU" involving a character named "PRABOWO GIBRAN" in the 2024 election. In this poster, cartoon characters show support and enthusiasm for this cause. The number “2” may refer to the serial number or political party involved. The overall message is about cooperation and progress in Indonesia.
Data 10
The poster above is a political campaign poster for candidate number 3 with the abbreviation GAMA, namely Ganjar as presidential candidate and Mahfud as vice presidential candidate. The candidate pairs were supported by the PDI
Perjuangan Party and the United Development Party, as well as the Hanura Party and the Perindo Party.
a. Icon
The two men in the poster Icons of the candidates participating in the election.
The red-white flag flying in the background represents a strong national icon.
b. Index
Ganjar-Mahfud indexing the name of individuals candidate.
The text “Gerak Cepat Indonesia Maju” indexing the candidate's overall campaign message.
c. Symbol
The number “3” represents the serial number of the presidential candidate on the poster.
The word “GAMA” is a symbol of the abbreviated name of presidential candidate number 3.
The skullcap hat used by the candidate symbolizes the Indonesian Cultural Association.
The Indonesian map image is a symbol of the country's identity and depicts Indonesia's homeland as a whole.
This poster shows two individuals wearing formal clothes, indicating a professional or official context. The banner at the bottom contains the acronym
"GAMA" and the phrase "Gerak Cepat Indonesia Maju," indicating a form of movement or campaign for the rapid progress of Indonesia.
Data 12
This poster design contains photos or images of the two 2024 presidential and vice-presidential candidates, namely Ganjar Pranowo-Mahfud, MD, with attractive design elements and highlighting their collaboration. The Ganjar- Mahfud pair is at number 3. The candidate pair is supported by the PDI Perjuangan Party and the United Development Party.
a. Icon
Two faces of men portraits of individual males that serve as election candidate icons.
A powerful national symbol is represented by the red-white flag floating in the background.
The word “Ganjar-Mahfud” is an index of the names of two men on the poster who are running as presidential and vice-presidential candidates, with the campaign message “UNTUK INDONESIA LEBIH MAJU”.
c. Symbol
The red background symbolizes courage, and the white symbolizes the purity of the presidential candidate pair on the poster.
The unity and integrity of the Indonesian nation are represented by Garuda Pancasila, the national emblem of Indonesia.
This poster displays two figures, Ganjar and Mahfud, who are committed to taking Indonesia in a more advanced direction. The message to be conveyed is that they are candidates who are ready to advance the country. Garuda Pancasila at the top of the poster shows Indonesia's national identity, and the slogan
"UNTUK INDONESIA LEBIH MAJU" emphasizes their goal.
Data 13
This poster design contains photos or images of the two 2024 presidential and vice-presidential candidates, namely Ganjar Pranowo-Mahfud MD, with attractive