COEFFICIENT
<×104m^1> 3 5000
VAVELENGTH=550run
3.0000
2.5000
0
0
2.B∞B
0. 100. ι200. ---1---300. 400. 1---500. r 600
COST, OPTIMIZING ELEMENTAL
CARBON REDUCTION
CX106 5/YEAR >
FIGURE 5.11. Midday extinction coefficients versus annual cost of controls for the optimal strategy to control elemental carbon for Pasadena for August 25, 1983.
5.7 Conclusions
The control of carbonaceous aerosol is important from the standpont of im
proving visibility. Carbonaceousaerosol makes up 40% offineparticulate mass on a 24-hour average basis and 33% of the fine aerosol mass during summer midday periods in the Los Angeles area. Although little secondary organicaerosol enrich ment is seen in annual average data, some secondary organic aerosol enrichment is evident in samples taken during summer midday periods. Aerosol carbon is calculated to account for as much as 39% of thetotal aerosol scattering coefficient and for as much as 44% of the extinction coefficient in the Los Angeles air basin during summer midday periods.
A Lagrangian air quality model was used by Gray (1986) along with 1982 emissions data, air quality data, wind data, and control costs to construct linear programming solutions to the optimal primary carbonaceous aerosol control strat
egy problem in the Los Angeles area. The emission control analysis predicts that a 68% decrease in fine elemental carbon emissions could be achieved at a cost of near $500 ×106 year-1 (1982 dollars) and that a 48% decrease in elemental car bon concentrations could be achieved at acost of $80 ×106 year-1 (1982 dollars).
Using the percentage reduction in primary aerosol carbon obtained in the study by Gray (1986), the improvement in summer midday extinction coefficient values for three sites in the Los Angeles basin was estimated. Approximately an 8% to a 14% decrease in the average extinction coefficient is predicted to be achieved at Pasadena (depending on the level ofsecondary organic aerosol formation) at a cost of $80.4 ×106 year-1 (1982 dollars). An 11% to a 19% decrease (depending on the level of secondary organic aerosol formation) in the extinction coefficient could be obtained at Pasadena at a cost of $423.5 ×106 year-1 (1982 dollars). The predicted frequency distributions of summer midday extinction coefficient values
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before and after implementationofthis emission control program were presented for the three sites studied. The influence of primary carbonaceous aerosol controls on visibility was also modeled for August 25, 1983, and a synthetic photograph is presented of how that day is computed to appear had the controls studied here been in place and if the carbonaceous aerosol on that day had been primary in origin. Comparison of that photograph to a photograph of the pre-control con
dition illustrates the change in appearance that a 25% decrease in the extinction coefficient (obtained at a cost of $423.5 ×106 year-1; 1982 dollars) would have on a typicalview.
5.8 Acknowledgements
The data and results ofthe carbon control study done by Dr. H. Andrew Gray (1986) was a central part of this work. Thanks are due to Dr. Kenneth McCue who prepared the frequency distribution diagrams presented. Jeff Hall and Kevin Hussey of the Jet Proplusion Laboratory in Pasadena, California assisted with production of the synthetic photograph illustrating the effect of carbon particle control on visibility.
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CHAPTER 6