Legazpi City, Philippines Email: [email protected]
The study described the Pen Shell (Baloko) industry in the province of Sorsogon and identified the problems besetting the industry as well as the solutions. The sites covered were the municipalities along Sorsogon Bay. Primary data were gathered through semi-structured questionnaires. Secondary data were used to establish a good understanding of the pen shell industry. Sorsogon Bay is recognized as an essential fishing ground in the Philippines and considered home to pen shell that has emerged as the second top earner for local fisherfolks next to green mussel or
“tahong”. Pen shell is marketed as fresh whole meat which includes the internal organs (rambit) and the abductor muscles (tinga). Similar to other fishery commodity, pen shell production is seasonal and affected by southwest monsoon or Amihan and northeast monsoon or Habagat. The low production of pen shells cannot catch up with the high demand especially in the export market. One of the problems betting the penshell industry is over-extraction that even the small sizes are gathered which can be solved by the strict implementation of the ordinance on the use of fishing gears and acceptable pen shell size for gathering. The pollution of the Sorsogon Bay can be mitigated by the strict implementation of the Clean Water Act. The fisherfolks cannot negotiate for better price because of the lack of market information. The market information shall be provided by BFAR or OPAG. Bicol University shall conduct studies along biology, ecology, growth and reproduction of pen shell.
Keywords: pen shell industry, baloko, market information
185 A NEW COLOR RETENTION METHOD USING YEAST EXTRACTS
Haruko Noguchi, Machiko Kazami and Akiko Taniguchi Department of Agricultural Innovation for Sustainability,Faculty of Agriculture
Tokyo University of Agriculture Tokyo, Japan
Email: [email protected]
The bright color of many fruits and vegetables is commonly perceived as a sign of freshness and palatability. Similarly, the color is an important indicator of the quality of processed food. However, processed food can experience color loss due to various factors, such as sunlight, heat, and the atmosphere during storage. Color loss is accelerated by coexisting ingredients, including hydrogen peroxide, sulfites, and ascorbic acid. The fading of anthocyanin in the presence of ascorbic acid is a challenge when processing fruits. In order to solve this problem, a color retention method using yeast extract was investigated. Anthocyanin, lycopene, chlorophyll, and carotene were extracted from fruits and vegetables. We added 0.05% yeast extract to these pigments and the color changes were measured using photospectrometry. We observed a color enhancement and color maintenance effect only in the anthocyanin pigment with added yeast extract. These effects were verified in the presence of ascorbic acid, alcohol, and catechin. The addition of yeast extract was shown to be effective for color enhancement and retention of anthocyanin pigment.
Keywords: color retention method, yeast extracts
186 POSTER PO02
THE INFLUENCE OF AGRICULTURAL TRAINING IN JAPAN ON FARMING AFTER RETURNING: A CASE STUDY OF FORMER TRAINEES IN MALAYSIA
Shuhei Saito1 and Toshihiro Shimizu2
1Tokyo University of Agriculture
2The Japan Agricultural Exchange Council Japan
Email: [email protected]
As Malaysian agriculture issues, the Malaysian Government has clarified agricultural production and food self-sufficiency improvements to increase the value-added of products and ensure food security. Farmers are decreasing due to economic development, in other words, the urban population is increasing, demand for the domestic market is expanding. Therefore, the Malaysian government wants to train farmers such as rice and vegetables, but farmers who have engaged in permanent crops such as oil palms have not had commercial rice and vegetable production’s know-how. Also, the economic disparity between rural and urban areas is significant, the rural living is not as wealthy as the statistical data, while plantation and large farmers are developing but small farmers are left behind in economic development were scattered. In this way, Malaysia has remarkable economic development, and the standard of living of the people is improving, but the foundation of food production is still developing, and small farmers in rural areas of food production are not developing yet. As a result, Malaysia agriculture youth conducts training in Japan, transferring the production technology of food production to the farmer as well as the person himself, leading to the solution of the problems faced by Malaysian agriculture. Therefore, it is foreseen that training in Malaysia agriculture youth in Japan plays a vital role in solving the policy issues expected of agriculture and rural areas in Malaysia.
Keywords: Malaysia, agriculture youth, training in Japan
187 STUDY ON MODELLING RUNOFF RESPONSE TO RAINFALL IN MID-SIZED
EQUATORIAL CATCHMENTS: A TOPMODEL STRATEGY
Emmanuel Okiria1, Hiromu Okazawa2, Yukimitsu Kobayashi1, Yuri Yamazaki2 and Shinji Suzuki2
1Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture
2Faculty of Regional Environment Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture Tokyo, Japan
Email: [email protected]
Hydro-meteorological data is important for irrigation scheme establishment. Since spatio-temporal resolution of hydro-meteorological data is poor in Uganda, this data must be simulated by hydrological modelling. TOPMODEL has been used since the 1990’s but there are no reports on its application in Uganda. The purpose of the study is to calibrate and verify TOPMODEL parameters in three mid-sized equatorial catchments (Atari, Namatala and Sironko Watersheds) in Eastern Uganda. Their areas are 84km2, 155km2 and 276km2 for Atari, Namatala and Sironko, respectively.
Input data is precipitation, river discharge, and evapotranspiration for years 2015 and 2016 and a topographic index that is derived from 30m grid DEM. Calibrated parameters are exponential decay parameter (m), transmissivity (Te), delay time (td), initial root zone storage deficit (SRZinitial) and maximum root zone storage deficit (SRZmax). Monte-Carlo simulation is applied to obtain optimal parameter sets. Atari, 2016 had the highest modelling efficiency with Sironko, 2015 having the lowest with Nash-Sutcliffe values of 0.772 and 0.109, respectively. Parameter values varied yearly and across catchments ranging from 19 to 34 for m, 1.0x107 to 15x109 for Te, 0.01 to 0.02 for td, 11 to 282 for SRZinitial and 56 to 356 for SRZmax, respectively. Yearly differences in model parameters could be because such parameter values depend on input data. Parameter variance across catchments could be attributed to difference in physiography. TOPMODEL performed well during calibration but performed poorly during verification. Overall, TOPMODEL can be applied to simulate stream discharge in ungauged catchments, albeit cautiously.
Keywords: modelling, runoff response, mid-sized equatorial catchments, TOPMODEL, DEM
188 POSTER PO04
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT TOPOGRAPHY ON POTASSIUM IN BLACK PEPPER FARMS LOCATED IN KAPIT, SERIAN AND BAU, SARAWAK, MALAYSIA
Izzah, A.H. and Wan Asrina, W.Y.
Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Sarawak Campus
Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia Email: [email protected]
Topography can adversely affect plant nutrients uptake, which normally varies according to its steepness, orientation of slope and found severely limited in slope
>10°. This condition eventually creates erratic movement of K, especially in black pepper, mostly cultivated on steeper slope. This study investigated on fate of K in different topography using 3D visualization located in Kapit, Serian and Bau, cultivated on Ultisols with a minimum farm establishment (i.e. direct cultivation with absence of land conservation practices). A total of 36 (Kapit), 32 (Serian) and 44 (Bau) GPS coordinates and soil samples (0-20 cm) were collected using non-purposive techniques and analysed on K availability using double acid extraction. Results revealed higher K was profoundly in gentle slope in all farm areas which basically similar on other studies caused by prolonged cations movement compared to steeper slope. Area with steeper slope had exhibited relatively lower K value ranged 0.015 to 0.04 g kg-1. A nutrient loss through leached and runoff may occur within this farm area, adversely affected on nutrient absorption and environmental aspect, i.e.
eutrophication. Potassium deficiency has also been observed in this topography (steeper slope >gentle slope) and an evidence of soil movement along the slope. A minimum farm establishment practices by the farmers eventually caused infertile soil and poor crop growth performance. Therefore, cultivating cover crop from legume family may temporarily reverse this problem as levelling terracing may unavailable to be established in actively cultivated farms.
Keywords: potassium; topography; slope; black pepper; land management
189 TEMPORAL VARIATION OF PHOSPHORUS DURING 2015 AND 2017 AT
COCOA ORCHARD, UPMKB, MALAYSIA
Izzah, A.H. and Wan Asrina, W.Y.
Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Sarawak Campus
Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia Email: [email protected]
Phosphorus availability in tropical countries has experienced a serious problem because the nutrient was temporarily fixed by various oxides found in soil profile. The problem become severe if the farm has practiced mono-cropping i.e. cocoa, which the same nutrients will be absorbed constantly for the long term. The aim of this research was to study temporal variation of P availability in 0.30 ha cocoa orchard between year 2015 and 2017. The orchard has been cultivated since 2007 with mixed variety of PBC 123 and hybrid. About 20 points of GPS coordinate and soil samples (0-20 cm) were gathered and determined for P availability using double acid method. All results later were interpolated using ordinary Kriging with calculated isotropic model. Phosphorus availability in 2015 was lower than 2017, however, its distributed evenly in the orchard.
The distribution pattern was found to be least P available (0.0055-0.0087 g kg-1) in the middle orchard (younger crop age) while increasing trend occurred in older crop age.
As the crop reached 10 years old (2017), P distribution was observed to be uniformed throughout the entire orchard with concentrations range between 0.3471 to 0.5542 g kg-1. The temporal variation of P has indicated improvement of P in 2017 due to increase of crop ages and fertilizer application. Amelioration of soil acidity also helps in increasing P availability, therefore, has reflected that an improved of P concentration in 2017.
Keywords: phosphorus; cocoa; tropical soil; ordinary Kriging; temporal variation
190 POSTER PO07
FUNCTIONAL AND IMMMUNOSTIMULATING ACTIVITIES ON NILE TILAPIA OF Kappapychus alvarezii, Gracilaria spp. AND Galaxaura oblongata
Jhomelyn V. Abelende and Cynthia C. Divina