CHAPTER VI
• Re-orientation : optional Significant Lexicogrammatical Features
• Focus on specific and usually individualized participants
• Use of Material Processes, (and in this text, Behavioural and Verbal Processes)
• Use of Relational Processes and Mental Processes
• Use of temporal conjunctions, and temporal circumstances
• Use of past tense
The following is the example of narrative text:
--- Snow White
Orientation
Once upon a time there lived a little girl named Snow White. She lived with her Aunt and Uncle because her parents were dead.
Major complication
One day she heard her uncle and Aunt talking about leaving Snow White the castle because they both wantedto go to America and they didn’t have enough money to take Snow White.
Resolution
Snow whitedid not wanther Uncle and Auntto do this so shedecided it would be best if she ran away. The next morning, she ran away from come when her Aunt and Uncle were having breakfast. Sheran away into the woods.
Complication
He was very tired and hungry.
Resolution
When she saw this little cottage. She knocked but no one answered so he went inside and fell asleep.
Complication
Meanwhile, the seven dwarfs were coming home from work. They went side. There theyfoundSnow Whitesleeping. Then Snow Whitewoke up. She saw the dwarfs. The dwarfs said. ‘what is your name?’ Snow White said. ‘My name is Snow White’.
Major resolution
Said, ‘if you wish, you may live here with us’. Snow White said. ‘oh should (I) thankyou’. Then Snow Whitetoldthe dwarfs the whole story and snow white and Snow White and the 7 dwarfs lived happily ever after.
--- Text is a combination of paragraphs that forms a certain genre and it has different purposes for each other. There’s a text that informs you of some new information you don’t know before, there’s also a text that can entertain you, or it can guide you to do many works. Those texts we can find in written form, such as books, newspapers, and so on. One of the examples of those texts is narrative text.
If you have ever read a fable, novel, or folktale, those are examples of narrative text. The story of how Cinderella went to the palace and danced with the Prince until midnight, how Malin Kundang got cursed by his mother and then turned into a rock, or how Frodo Baggins and his hobbit friends succeeded their journey to bring the Ring to Mount Doom and hiding it away from the wrath of Sauron, those all are some examples of narrative text.
The narrative text is not only what we can find in written fiction stories, but also in real life, even our experiences on some occasions can be turned into narrative text. When we spend the holiday on the beach, do camping near the forest, or get scolded because we forgot to do our homework can be a story that can be written in narrative text.
Writing
Mayers (2005: 5) states “writing is an action-a process of discovering and organizing ideas, putting them on a paper, reshaping and revising them.” In learning writing, students not only learn about how to make a good writer, but also the students should understand how to make their writing better than before.
Heaton (1988: 135) says that “writing is complex and sometimes difficult to teach, requiring mastery not only of grammatical devices but also conceptual and judgmental elements”.
Based on the explanation above, the writer concluded that the activity to express their ideas and thoughts in written form is writing.
Moreover, they can improve their other component of languages such as vocabulary, spelling, and grammar so the students not only learn about how to make a good writer.
According to
Smalley and Ruetten (1986) that “Narrative describes a sequence of the events or tell a story, in other word narrative describe an experience. The logical arrangement of idea and sentences in the narrative is chronological according to time order”.
Anderson (1997) states that “narrative is text, which tells a story and in doing so, entertains or informs the reader or listener”. It means that narrative is a piece of text that tells a story to inform, amuse, and entertain the reader or listener’.
Based on the explanation above, the writer conclude narrative text is a text which purposed to describes or tell story about events in the past with a chronological system or interconnected, it tends imaginative, aka not real or imagination of the author so it is to inform, amuse the readers.
Generic Structures
a. Orientation: the beginning of the story
b. Complication: the problem faced by the main character.
c. Resolution: the problem is resolved.
d. Re-orientation: the moral value of the story.
In this case, complications consist of three conflicts, namely:
Natural conflict is natural conflicts or between universes.
Social conflict is conflict between characters or actors.
Psychological conflict is inner conflict or self Language
Focus on specific and usually individualized participants.
Focus on material processes.
Use of relational processes and mental processes
Use past tense.
Using conjunction to put the event.
Use of temporal conjunctions and temporal circumstances.
There are 5 problems in teaching writing that explained by Almubark (2016: 15-19) as follows:
a. The topics in textbooks are not attractive
The topics in the textbooks for writing skills are not attractive and persuasive enough which make it quite discouraging to teach writing skills to the students.
b. Credit hours
More credit hours should be added to teaching writing skills so that the problem of writing skills in the classroom can be eradicated.
c. The higher students in the class
The higher students in each class are an obstacle for the teacher to get their teaching goals for teaching writing skills.
d. Teacher competence
Teacher competence in using devices or equipment for learning writing skills will assist the attainment of writing skills in the classrooms.
e. Intensive writing exercise
Intensive writing exercises and teachers’ regular assessment of the material will identify the students’ weaknesses in learning English language writing skills.