Dry op teris (Aspidi u vi)spi n uloxa dilataia, *Carex caneacevx.
Panicularia (Glycerin) brctchyphylla. (Jaulthevict procumbens.
* Panicularia obtusa, *Utrieuiaria cknidt'stina.
Panicularia paUida.
3. NOXPAI iUSTKINE SPECIES.
Carer costeilata. Pote.ntilla puniila.
Juncoidex (Luzula) pilosum. Agrimonia striata.
Cypripedmm acaulv, Valeriauella cheiiopodif alia.
Salix ftuviatilix (longifolia).
NORTHERN LIMITS OF AUSTRORIPARIAN PLANTS REACHING THE DISMAL SWAMP REGION.
The following tables give the northern limit of most of the charac- teristic species belonging to the Coastal plain or Austroriparian area, which extend northward along or near the coast as far as the south- ern border of North Carolina or farther. In some cases there is room for doubt as to whether the species is really of Austroriparian rather than of Carolinian origin. But the great majority of the species tabu- lated unquestionably reach their greatest development and widest distribution in the former zone.
A number of signs are used in order to denote the further distribu- tion of the given species. Thus an asterisk (*) indicates that the species so designated also extends into the Tropical Zone, or at least into subtropical parts of Mexico or the West Indies. A dagger (f) is appended to the names of species which range northward in the Mississippi Valley to latitude 36° or farther. A double dagger (J) denotes a strand plant. Species of that formation usually have a wider range than is embraced within the limits of a single life zone. Species indicated in the columns of the table by a cross (X) are definitely known to extend northward to the latitude given. In almost every case such record of northward range is based upon the examination of reasonably authentic specimens. A query (?) in one of the columns, opposite the name, indicates that the species is reported to range thus far northward, but is not certainly known to do so. A number of these Austroriparian plants also occur in more or less limited areas in the midst of the Carolinian, or even of the Alleghanian (Transition) zones, chiefly in the Appalachian area, or farther west. Such stations are to be regarded as outposts of the main Austroriparian flora, for which local conditions of climate or soil exposure (or of both) are responsible.1
1 See Kearney, The Lower Austral element in the flora of the southern Appa- lachian region, Science, n. ser., vol. 12, p. 830 (1900).
NORTHERN LIMIT OF SPECIES
Northern limit of species.
Naiuy of wpecirs.
Y ;s
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Ljyt'ojwrtrMnt a^virrrtrmf/ffl L Lycopodium caroiinimntm L rwMt.y Mill Piniut serot nin Mx . _ Pinwt taeda L
Taxodtum distichum L .,..
Chamaecyparts thyoidea (L.) B. W. P Triglochin striata (L.) Ruiz & Pav * Sagittaria lancifolta Ij.*.
Sag-ittaria mdtufata (L. > Burhenau Sag it tar ia terrs S+ Wats ....
Kriimthus compactvft Nash Kt ianthus cow tortun Ell . Erifiiithws saccharvides Mx Mauifntris rugosa (Nutt ) Kuiltze Andropoyon art/prat'itx Schlllt. + Andropogon giomeratus {Walt.) B S. P Andropogon tetrustachyun EH Paspalum compresaum (8w.) Nees*
Paspalum jioridanum Mx Pa&palum membranaceum Walt.
Paspalum pa&paloid*>s (Mx.) S^ribner Paxpalum praecox Walt /Vi,v/7a/w»i pwrpum^T?^ Ell ...
A Htphicarpon amvhicnrpitn ; Pursh) Nash_ _ Aufltaenantia villom Bt auv St/u theri&ntct serotinum Wait , Panicttm amaiiim Ell Pfoiicum amarum minus Vasey & Scribn
Panimm august iffdiuni Ell Pauicum cilintum Ell
Pan-ieunt cotiuubianunt Scribner Pnnicum dimtariuidea Carpenter Pan irum yiohum Ell
Pauicum hians Ell. t_
J\tnicum lanngiufmum Ell Ptuticum longifoUum Torr.
Panicxtm nashianum Srrtlmer l*anicum ?ieurtinthnm (Jriseb Pauicum paueiflariim Ell _ Panicum. smbrtusculum Ell
x
x
X I
X
X V X X
X
-, . i
X Panicimi sphat/nicola Nash ...
Panicuvt vermtco&nm Muhl iViiirfcum viscidum Ell. r
Oplisntentis &etari\t$ (L*am.) Nash ..
Cnavtochloa perennix (Curtis I Bicknoll Chfwtovhloa imberbis perennis (Hall) Surihn. &
Merrill ...
(Jntrhrus incerfatst M. A. Curtis.
(Jpnchrtts tribuioidvs Hofttidacvnchrus ht'xandrus (Roeuu it S<-hiilt.)
Britton < i Hifflrochioa jftitituns (Mx. i Nash .. _ ....
Zizaniopais itiilittwa (Mi, i Doell & Asrhers... .... ...
Phalnris iawt Walt.
Aristida lanata, Poir
Aristida stricta Mm ..
Ari&tida virgatn Trin x Mnhienbergkt ftiipes M A. Curtis Sporobolns junceus (Mx.) Kuntli x JSporobotits virginicux (L.) Knnth * , Agroxtis altissima {Walt.) TiK'kerm ...
Aynwtifi eiiiottiana SclmlLt. ^ Pan thou in sericea Nutt ...
CfiMptdoxus tiromaticUH (Walt-} Sf/rilm^r Chtoris petraea&w.* . ...
Gprnnopogon nrnbitjuuft (Mx.) S. P .. . . (ijjmnopugon brevi/otius Trin Tripirwi&americanaBGSLUY i x Eragrostis hirxuta (Mx.l Nash Eragrostis nitida (Ell.) Chapin '...
Eragrtiftti# refract a i Muhl.) Scribner
Uniata laxa (Lj B.S. P ...|...
Uniola longifolia Scribner . : x x
X
452 BOTANICAL SURVEY OF DISMAL SWAMP REGION.
Northern limit of specie*—Con tinned.
- a
Name of species,
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i4rit»rii-jfarta mawoitpertnn Mx Arundinaria trrta (Walt. I Muhl Cyperittt cam pre tutu# L.*+ . Cyperutt eylindrivu* (Ell.) Britton Cyperii# echiuatu# I Ell.) Wood . CypentA Jtaricwmus Mx.
Cyperus tirayi Torr Cffpents f\ a span L+ * Cyperus wivrodoutvs Torr Cyperns pseudovegvtux ttteuc!. + Cypents atrnairpia Torr . Cf/perus tetragrmux EJl Eteavhorix alirittu Torr Eleoeharix eapitfi ta (L.) R+ Br* * + Eleachari# melauaearpa Torr . Efaacharix uiicroearpa Torr. * Eleochtrria ochreata (Net^s) Steud. * .., Eieoeharia prolifern Torr Eieorhari# tortius (Link > Schult. _ Eleocharis trirostnta Torr Eleorharis tuherru'osa (Mx,> R*>eiii & Sahutt Dichwwiena coittmUt ( L.) tiitchc. * Dichromena latifolin Baldw PsiUtcurya niters (Vahl) Wool ..
StenophylhtA stenophytlus < EU.) Britton x Stenophiilhutriliatifoiitift fEll.) Mohr X Fimbri&iyli*cfuttanea < Mx.) Vahl *t . .. _ Fimbriatylix spftdicea (Lo Vahl*
FimbritttyliB vahiii (Lam > Link + x tfctVjn** cytinrtricuH (Torr.) Wood !...
Scirpus diwtriraiujt E1L + ;. .
^nrpna stpiamnta Mx Fttirena *auam>wn hispida (Ell > Chapm , |...
Hemicai*pha micranthri (Vahl) Britton > ..
Lipororpka maeutatn (Mx.) Torr |...
Rynrhoxpura axilla via iLam.) Britton Rynchospora microcrphaia Britton ftynchospowi rilinta Vahl j x rtynrhtYspont comirttfata (Lam,) A. Gray + ... ..
Ryncho»pom cornirufata macrojttachya (Torr.) I Britton Rjftichimpnrfi cifw(Mrt Ell * + . , ..|,„
Jiynchojspora frtxcictthiris (Mx.) Vahl I, Rynch**9pvrafili/frfin A+ Gray x RynchoHpoiviyriiciienta A (iray ..
Rf/ncho*pora <?rayi Kunth , x RynchoAptmt inejcptuisti \ Mi,) Vahl
Rynchoxpora tenieskem ii Carey
Rynchoapora meantmwpit A. Gray x Ryuchospora miuavea A. Gray - x Rynrltospora Moan tha A. Gray
Rynchuximra paitida M. A. Curtis Rytieltospora plunttMfi EU Ryncho*pt>ra rarijfora Ell Ryiich(wp(>m Rvhornoide/t (, Ell > Britton
Rynchtn^ntra torreynna A (4ray
Ctadhttt* effustttu Torr Kctvrifi torreymuf Walp*
Carcjr ettwttii Scliw. ^ Torr Cari x tp-andrs Bailey t Cart'X tit tarn tifiHi'hwriti Onrrx venu»ia Dewey.
Cctrex Mull I Carex tvattevinna Bailey Peltandm naff it t fie folia (Mx,) Morori^.
Orontiuni aqnnticnm L - - Saixtl miuur (Jarq. \ Mohr ... . SaJwi/ palmetto Hoem. * bchult Mayaca aithleti Mx.
Xyris atuiiujua Bey rich Xyris ftntdirhtifimt Roem 6 Schult . Xyris earotiniana Watt . Xyri'a com muni a Kunth + ..
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NORTHERN LIMIT OF SPECIES. 458
Northern limit of species—Continued,
Name of
Xyris fivibriata Ell
Xyris torta J. E. Smith Eriocaukm comprenxutn Lam * Eriucaulon decangular*' L *
Lachnocaulon anceptt (Walt.) Moron^
Duputya flavidula (Mx.j Kuntze ... , Tiltandsia usn^i titles L, *
CoititHt'iina hirteila Vuhl + Connn?ihta nodiflora h. * + Tradvscfuitia rosea Vent. + Jnncus pofycephalux Mx Jura us rcjwus Mx * ___
Juncua roemrrifiu ns Scheele ., Jjtnrux scirpoidcs Lam
Juticux sthitens Rostk.t Pteeit t<Jhmifolio .Mx..- Tofielrlia tjtahru Nutt
Tofieldia vac* mono ( Walt.) B,S P ....
Zifgadeitita fjlahrm'tn us Mx ,, Zyyadenux Icititanthoidea ^ Gray) Wats Lifium cfttrxbtiei Walt
Alrtris aurca Walt Yuan aloifolia L „ Yucca filameutftxa L _
glortttsa L
Smilax anrictdata Walt.
SmiittJ.' ktitreitlata L Smilajc fanrij'ith'a L . ftmilaj* famnifttlia Mx
Smilax tralten Pursli Oyt ofht'Cfi rapitata t Walt ) Morong, * jifcttno&co fit&htiiKra (L.) Greene .. ..
Lophii>la antvrimna <IJur»h> Coville . Iris carolinimut^. Wats — .. ..
liabenaria crixtata l Mx. I R, Br . . JJubenaria Integra (NuttJ Spreiijtf.. . Habenaria nirra (Nutt.) Wpren#. . Pogonia divaricata f L i R Br Gyrostachyx odorata (NuttJ K11111 ze + Gyrostarhysprftecoit (Wait.) KuntZe..
Ltstera austrfdi.** Lindl — Limodumm paucifloi utn [ Limll.)
Htcoria a<;uatica (Mx ) Britton t Micoria carol inae-septentrional is Ashe Afyrira cert/era L_ _
Cfltritbiiei MX
(Jttrrcu# cinerra Mx . (Jwrcnsdiijifata (Marsh.) Slid worth y^frrua htnrifttliii Mx
f^ut't vus michnttjcii Nutt ^ yutj»v;w»Ti/f/r« L.t—
tJnrrcus phellos L.'"
Qitercusvirginimta Mill rlta uA alata Mx> * Parietaria drbilitt Forst vitfttrum arifoliam Mx.
Aristolochia naxhfi Kearney . Eriogonttm tomentonutn Mx Polyy**num aetaceunt Baldw.t
Sesnviutn mnritiwum (Walt.) B S P t . idreuriru! carol iniaua Walt
Stipuiicida Artacea Mx ...
Caoomba carotiiiiah« A.Grayt „ Xymphaea stfigittnefoliu Walt,+
Magnolia riryiniana L Clematis crispft L Ranunculus nbhniftifiiiiiiti E11.+ -
punt/lux PoirT+ Crbatha Carolina [ L.) Britton t _.
Persea borbtmia I L. > Sprang Prrseapubescens (Fursli) Sarg Malapoenna tjenicuUita ^ Walt.) Coulter Benzoin melt&saefoliutu t Walt.) Nees. + _ Vardaminc arenicola Brittoti
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454 BOTANICAL SURVEY OF DISMAL SWAMP REGION
Northern limit of species—Continued.
9 5
Name of spovies.
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rra^e*iri« iithra Walt X . Sarracenia vttriolttrin Mx x j Droatera brevifolia Pursh x Dro&era jilt for m is iiaf *. : Dionrtea mttscipula Ell X Dccumaria harbara L i itcn virginictt L _,. | Fothergilla Carolina <L. i Britton x ...
/tufa** Pursh + Rubits triiHalt* Mx. + Cratacgus apiifolia 4 Marsh.) Mx, t Cratargiis spathulata MxJ- iVuNHsangu&tifolia Marsh T,, Frnnit& carol iniaiu* (Mill.) Ait ; x Chtimaemnta et&pera < MuhL) - - - - x Rtrpfi&ia villostt (Walt.) Niltt ... j x Crotalarift pursh ii DC
Crotalaria rotnndijolia (Walt) Poir..
TH/olium carol in ianum Mx Fsoralea pedunculata (Mill.) Vail Cracca ambigua (M, A, Curtis) Kuntze
Cracca hispiaufa (Mx.) Kuntze x Cracca sfticata (Walt.) Kuntzo
Kraunhui fruteacens (L,) Gr**ene+-- Astrayalu# glabcr Mx Indigofera enrol in i<tna Walt Aeschynontene virginica (L.) B.S.P
Zomiia hracteota (Walt. > Gmel. * i Stylosantlies rijmria Kearney * ...
Jicibomia urenicoUt Vail Jieitwmia strict a {Pursh) Kuntze Mcihomia tenuifolia {Torr. & (+r.) Kuntze. ; x Le&pedeza anywttifolia (Pur&h) Ell. + ...
Lespedcza hirta oblongifotia Britton Bradbnrya virginiand i L.) Kuntze*
Ualactia regularis (L.) B, 8. P ,
Galactia sesxitiflora Torr. 6 Or _. x Erythrina herbacva L - j x
Rhynchonia erecta (Walt ) DC
Rhynchmia simpticifolia i Walt ) Wood . Rhynchosia tomenlo&n (Lj Hook. & Aril ZanthoTylum clava-herculint L
Polygalu brevifolut Nutt .. _ , . Polygala cytnona Walt Polygtila httca L ..
Potygata rnmosa Ell...
Croton maritintitN Walt . \ Crotonopais Ihtcaris Mx.1
Trngia urens L
Ja/ro/j/ta^/wuiofla Mx Stillingia nylvnticn L. +
Euphorbia cnrtiAii Engelm .., x i Euphorbia ipecacuanha** L.+ ..
C]friUa race miff ora Walt.*
IIfxamhigun (Mxj Chflpm ...
Ilexdrvidua Walt t
Itcx gtahni (L. > A. (iruy Ilex htcida (Ait.} Torr. & Or Ilex, vomitorin Ait
f>m*m L.t... _ \ Berchemia scandium (Hill) Treleawe + *„
VitiH rotund if of ia Mx,*+
Ampelopsts arborm (L ) Ruk1)v + + _ . .
Koxtctetzkya ulthwiefotiii (Chapm* \ Ruaby * x Kosteletzkyu virgin ict\ (L.) A, ft ray Starartia tttalacodvndron L .
Gordonict (aslanthus I> x Ascyritm stnns Mx
Hypericuui adpressum Bart Hypertenm fwpahtthoiden WilM Hifpcricwui {IcHxitftinttH Pursh . Hyprricnm fancicuhitwm Ljihl Hypericnnt ffttUuitles Lain
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NORTHERN LIMIT OF SPECIES. 455
Northern limit of ftpccics—Continued.
Name of specius.
% ft a>
/fypencuwt Walt iiypericum virgatum Lani.t
Tritulenum petiolatutn (Walt.) Britton Heiianthemum cort/mboxutn Mx ...
Viola M'ptemloba te Coute.
Passiflora incamata. L.+
Opuntia opnntia (Lj Coult.__^-„,.
trpuntia p*?s-carvi Le Contv kochnri Britton Lythrum tineare L _ likexin ariatosa Brittori Rhexia ciliosa Mx Rhexin ghdn-tia Mx . . Rhexia lutea Walt Rkexia mar tana L.t Ludwigiti ahtta E1L+
Ludwigia atpitata Mx Ludwigia jlandulosa Walt, I Ludwigia hirtvlta Raf
Ludwigia linear is W alt
Ludwigia microcosm Mx ...
Ludwigia pilasa Walt Lwhrigia sphaerocctrpa Ell Litdxtigiu viryala Mx Jusftiaca dwurreits (WaltJ DC, + _ .,.
Jussiaea grandiflora Mx . f hjnotfir.ra humifusn Nut 11 l*roserpi tiara pectinata Lam Myriopfir/flurti pintiatum l Walt. > B. S. V. *+. Arfiiiti apihfysa L, + ...
Lifaeojisift iiiii'ata {Mx ) Greene Eryngium virgin ianum Limi ...
PtilimniHm cttpillarvum iMs.l Hollk'k llydrovotyle ranbyi Coult, & Rose Hifdrocuttfle vert iaitlata ThuTib Orutrllti asiatica (L.) Urban *
Comiu# stricta Lam aqitntica I>. t . ..
Nyssa hiflorn Walt - Dendrium hxixifolium (Berg.) Desv Kahnia h irauta Walt Leiuothor axil If iris (Lam, t D, Don Leucothoe racvmofta (LJ A. Uraiy Pa ris mariaiia (L.) Bonth, & Hook. ...
ii^ris nitidfi (Bartr ) Benth & Hook. * . Zt>ni>bin ettN&inrfulia- (Willtl.) Polliml.
Xolixma folio&iflora (Mx/) Hmall ...
(ttssacia du mosa h irhdta (A i t.) A. (t ra y ..
liatoden<lrtni urboreum (Mitrsh. > Nutt. + .
1'itrf iiiittm cras&ifoltunt Andr. ....
\'turi nium virgatum Ait,. . I'accininm virgatum temrUum (Ait.) A, (4ray . Pyxidanth^ra i>arbulata Mx _.
Hot ton in in flat a Ell _. . Ihnnefia lycioidea (L,) Per8, + . Mymplftcott tiiictftria (L.) J/ H6r . Sty rax (ttttiricttttct Larn .... ,T,, Sttffaj' grand ifolifi Ait sfjfva:r pulverulent a Mx . Fraxinmt caroliniana Mill.*
Onhtanthii# amen'rattiix (L.} Bontli. & Hook fi'elwitiiuttt n<*mprri'ireHu (L.) Alt. f . ("f/iiortonum mitreota (L.) Britain.* . Cyiioetoniitn sessilifbtium {Walt.) Gmel /Uritfpremum pmcumtww* 1j.4'+
StiblNititr anfpifttifolia (Mx. ) Brittont Sabbatia brachinta Ell Sabbatia caty<:iua (Lam.) Holler*
Sfibluttia cawpanuJata (L. i Torr*
Sabbaiid dodecandra (L.) B S.P JSahtHplin Elliott it Stcud Sabt>dtia lanceolata (Walt) Torr. & Gr Sabbatia pauiruluta (Mx.) Phirsh
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450 BOTANICAL SURVEY OK DISMAL SWAM1' REGION,
Northern limit of Kpccies— Continued.
Namo of species.
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ftmfiana elliotlii ( hapm . , (Jentiana porphyrio ,T. F. Ginolin — Bartonia vvrna (Mx.) Muhl ....
Lvnmanth^Tii^i ftqitatictnn (Walt.) Brit ton Amsonia an fputt ifolia Mx lYrtcJifioflpcrHUfm diffann# (Walt.) A.Gray Asclepiasamph\ricnuli& Mx Aaclrpias lanccolata Walt - Asclepias rub) a L - - — — Asclepias toiui'titosa Ell.- — Cynanchum pahtxtrv (Pursh) Ht>llor Vincetojrirmn randinvitsi# (Jao<|.) Britton — Vinct tojricuin {jatiocarpon Wult.t Vincetwrirttm hirsnhutt |Mx,) Brit ton Vincetttjeicmn sutwro&nm (L.) Brittoil.
Diehondra vrolmdacva (L,f,) Britton*
JJrevwritt afpatiica (Walt,) A* Gray4 . . Jireweria humistrata (Walt.) A. Gray Rmtwriapirh'vringii (M. A. Ourtift) A Gray - Ipomora sayittata Ca v.* - Namft tpiadrivnhris (Walt.) Kuntz©.
Verbena c*i rotininnu Mx Lip pi a nodi flora. <L.) Mx.*t
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KoelUa arista to (Mlchx.) Kmitzu Koi'llia hfffisnpifolia (Botith.) Britton . . PhystaH* anipdata L *t — .
Phynalia visi'ttftu Ij.*
Monnit>ra arnmimtta (Walt.) Kimtzo Monnicra car<*liniana (Walt.) Kuutzo_.
Monnirra monni*ra (L.) Britton * (iratiola pilotta Mx. , - (irn fit da- stpltarrtHU t rpa Ell * Micron fftpmutn m irrantht'ittGidrs (Nutt.) Wottwt.*
Micranflirttntm i>rbictdntnm Mx fiuchiu rn vlimtjittaftw lU'rardia iinifaiia- Niitt. , _.__
Schwaiht'd am rrirana L Utrii'idario birtnraljtimi Utrividarin jihrosa Walt _
Utricutaria junrva Vahl* - Ufrirtdat'ia utthuiata L ^ . . Pinf/itit'tda ftatior Mx, J>i)t<ptit,ida futrtt Walt . - ....
Bitfttonitt rrncifjrrtt. L, t _., - IHnufhrra tivaftr Walt Cld*'idaudia tniifbtra
Diadtii ii i fs Walti ..
Dim!in rirfiittiaita Ij — .... ...
iritliuin hispultdnut Mx — frnliutn tiiwtttrinm JiUfotittm Wie^aml
Vihwmntn nu*lh' Mx . Vihtrrmi m « ad it at Fj . Vibnrtntttt itfuavitutu Walt MeiotttHa pfinhtiali^
amor a a. Mx,.., , .. — Lohrtia atnorna tjhntdnUfrra A. Gray Lobelia canht/i A. (iray LnbfUa <fjUtnd\th>$a Walt, IjdwIinpahuUmt Nutt...
SitiHax vnrotiniana (Walt.) 1 tai-f
^iabalun rhtfttfus (Mx.) IK> _ _ Im frutrurf iat Jj. { . Jva imhriraiit Wiilt, i
I~rrtlotiia■ afigophtdhr Mx J*J!eph(uih*pi*s u ttdit!nx A. Gray Ketvrolvpis ntiijfant i Walt.) Pi»rt**f..
JSupittorinm aromaticum L . ..
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NORTHERN LIMIT OF SPECIES. 457
Nor (her it limit of tqxxiett—Continued,
Name of specie#.
Eupatorium mpillifolium (Lam.) Small * Eupotorium coronopifolium Wiilri Eupatorium limarifolium WuH Eupatorium leucolepi# Torr.& Or Eupa toriurn pinnatifidum Ell , Eupatoritim rofundifotium L Eupatorium svmiserratum DC Eupatorium wrotinurtt Mx 1 Eupatorium torreyanum Short t Eupittorium verbeitaf1 folium Mx jMchmria elcgans (Walt.) KuntE**
J^tciiiarifigramiitifnlia ^Walt.) Kuntzc 1 .act tt aria gvatninifoliapitofta (Ait.) Br it toil.
Lacinaria tanuifolia (Nut-t,) KiintiCu . . THlisa odoratissima (Walt,) Cass . Tritisa pan icidata (Walt.) Cass Carpkephoms Iwllittifoliws (Mx,) Torr* & (ii Carphvphurus iomcntoms (MxO Torr. & Gr He.terotheva mihajciiiaris (Lx%m ) Britton * ....
Chryxopsis grant inifolia (Mx.) N utt Ckrysop&i# viarinmi (L.) Nutt Chrysopsi# pifosa (Walt*) Britton . - Chondrophora nudata (Mx.) Britton Holiday** cfliottii Torr, & Gr Sofidayo fi&tutosa Mill Solidago petiolarix Alt, t tiotidayo puhemdapuivcruh*nta (Xutt.) Cliapui ,,,
Soli da yo stricta Alt, * Sulidagtt hndifitlia E1I__, Euthnm ia Carolinian a (L-1 + Si'ricttcarjms hifoliatus (Walt.) Porter Aster conrolor L jdsfer coridifolius Mx Aster ijrac.itin Nutt . _ Aster paludosus Ait.*__
Aster purpuratufi Ne;?s _. ^... ,..
Aster stjuarrosus Walt Aster tcnuifolttts L.J Erigeron qvercifolius Lam Eriijeron ntrfiifs (L.) Torr. & Gr_
Dfwllingcria humitis (Willd.) Britton Baccharis angustifolia Mx Bacvharin glomentliflora Pers . . Hacchari» 7ia i im ifoli'a L, i
Pluchea camphorata (L.) DC * Pluchva foriida (L.) B. S* P.*
J'ter&caulon pi/cnoxtar.h yum Ell . Sitphium osteriscus L.i Sitph ium compositum Mx
iiorrichta frHtrsn-ns (L.) DCV*t Ifrtianthus cntffitstifttlius L
Coreopsis august if olioAit . . Coreojisin dfiph inifoiia Lam Coreopsis gtadiata Walt Coreopsis rose(t Nil tt - - , Jiidvtts cot auata (L.) Fisch
Actinonpermum uniflornm (Nutt.) Bunili
Marshall iagramiui'falia (Walt.} Small iielvnium rcrnah* Walt Arnica acautis (Walt.) B*S. P Senecio tomentosus Mx.
Carduus repandus (Mx,) Pers Car duns mrginianus Lt Chnptalia
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458 BOTANICAL SU1WEY OF DISMAL SWAMP REGION.
RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER FLORAS.
Lot us now t urn to the broader relationships of the flora. The total number of indigenous genera of Pteridophta and Kmbryophyta of which representatives were collected or observed in the Dismal Swamp region is 330. Of these there are-
Endemic in eastern North America (east of the Rocky Mountains) 26 Endemic in North America (including Mexico and the Antilles) _ _ 17 Endemic in America (North and South) 27 Endemic in eastern North America and eastern (chiefly extratropical) Asia. 28 Endemic in the Northern Hemisphere 44
136 Of wider distribution 194
;j;jo
The distribution of the less widely dispersed genera is shown in (lie following table, the names of monotypie genera being preceded by an * and those of genera almost but not quite confined to the partic- ular category being followed by a dt:
IMxt ribut ion of genera of limited range.
Eastern North America.
Triplasis, Eatonia.
* DulJchium*
Pel tundra.
Uvularia.
Limodorum (Ch- lopotfou),
Hk'oria, Aeimina.
* Sassafras.
"Sanguinarily Aroma.
Bapttaia.
Cyrilla.
♦Sarothra.
Hudsonia*
LtM'li^a. +
* Demotion.
Rhexia, Kalmla.
+ Oxydeiulruin.
Sablwttia, Bartonia.
Dasystoma.
Lacinaria (Lia- trisl.
Boltonia, Silphium,
(Krl
North America, Mexico, and tlio
Antilles,
Taxodintn.
Yucca.
ProHerpinaca.
Xoliwma(LyoniaV Monarda.
KoeUia (Pycuan- thenmni),
Pentstemon. _L ConnphUis*
Houston in.
Hitilias tPyrrho- pappus >.
Chry sepsis.
Euthamia.
Her ir near pi:*, lonactix,
Fva.
Rudljeckla.
America, North and South.
Eastern North America and east
ern Asia*
Pliilotriat Elodea \;
Uniola.
Distichlis. .t Tillandsia.
Pontcderia.
Atainosco fZeph- yranthes).
Sisyrinehmm.
Phorad ndroti, Bradhiuya (Cell-
trosema>+
Kosteletzkya.
Aseyrum.
opuntia.
< >enothera.
(iuyliisHuria.
* Polypremutu.
(ioiiolt>bus, Wrlwtiia. i;
Miinulus, :t Uerardia.
Hi^rnonia,
Willn^l iacya \ Mi kania).
Baccharis.
Partliifiiimn.
Borrichia.
Heliaiithus.
* Zizania, Tipalaria.
^aurnrns.
Nelumho.
Magnolia.
Liriodendron.
Deciimuria.
Itea.
Hamatnelis.
Luimdanil>ai\
Faleata (Amphi earjmcaK
Apiort.
Par then* missus, Triadenum iKlo-
deal.
Ptilimnium (Dia- copleuraj.
N yssa.
Azalea, -h Pieris.
EpiK^cji.
Cnionanthiis, GeJsemiu m.
True he 1 os pur- imim*
* Phryma.
Mitchella*
Nabufas.
Northern He mi- splits re.
O^munda, 4
Wood wardia. t
*] nni perns.
Ammophila.
Arorns, Liliuin.
Pol ygona turn.
Iris
Jutfhma.
Populna.
< >strya.
Carpinus.
A)mis. h Fa^us.
Castanea.
Onerous, Ulmus.
Morns,
Comanclra.
Asarum.
Sugniu.
Amiiu denia (IIon«
kenyai.
Nyttiphaea iXu- pliur).
Oakile.
Spiraea.
Krii^aria. t poWntilla. 4 (ieum, ■+■
Atfriiuonia.
Rosa, Mains.
Aimduiichier.
Crataegus. ± t'-ereiH.
Kuonymus.
Circaea.
Oicuta.
(VH'IHIH. +■
ilmnaphila.
Oxyrorcuw, Fraxinns.
GEOGRAPHIC RELATIONS OF FLORA. 459
Aii analysis of these columns shows that more Mian two-thirds of the genera occurring in the Dismal Swamp region which are endemic in eastern North America arc small ones, numbering 1 to 0 species, and of these a half dozen are inonotypic. Of the 2'j genera common to eastern North America and eastern Asia 2 are monotypic, 9 have 2 species each, and 4 consist of ;} species each. The others, with one exception (Azalea), number 4 to 10 species each. On the other hand, the genera which are widely distributed in America, or throughout the Northern Hemisphere, are mostly of considerable size. The major- ity, which have still more extensive ranges, include several of the largest of the genera of vascular plants. It is generally admitted that in small genera of comparatively restricted distribution we have to do in many cases with very old and failing types. On the other hand, the large, widely dispersed genera are dominant and in many cases com-
paratively modern types.
The total number of species of pteridophytes and embryophytes collected or observed is, roughly, 7-0, of which about 100 have 1 teen introduced by the direct or indirect agency of man from other regions, while the remainder are indigenous. Of the indigenous species over
500 are endemic in extratropical North America, the great majority in the country east of the Kocky Mountains and a large percentage in
the Austroriparian area. The nonendemie but indigenous species occur likewise in the following regions:
1. Tropical Zone.
(o) Of both hemispheres 9 (b) Of the New World alone 50
— r>9
2, North Tan jttfalc Zone.
(a) Europe alone (b) Europe and Asia (c) Asia alone
Total __
6 - 31
. 90
1, Tropiva! Zone.
(a) llOTH M KM ISl'HF.KES,
Cy/H'rus httxpa}).
('ypertis c sen leu tus.
Spirodda polyrhtzu.
Hydroeotyle unibcllu ta.
Hydrocotyle ranwtculoidcn.
Cvntdlu axiatim.
Die ft ondra evoh:ulucea.
Ph-ymlis ttvgulttfa.
Mon nieru monniem.