Panzer, Georg Wolfgang Franz (1755-1829)

Gilbert (1977: 287,

7

citations);

Saunders

(1888,index).Panzer'scollec- tion

was

givento

ZMHU and

the material

was

integrated into thegeneral collection.

We do

not

know of any modern worker who

has

been

ableto identifyauthentic

Panzer

type materialin

ZMHU. Some of

the species illustratedinhis

Favnae

insectorvm

germanicae came from

othercollec- tionsand,hence,

may be found

inotherplaces.

Poda von Neuhaus, Nicolaus (1723-1798)

Gilbert (1977: 300,1 citation);Schiner (1856,criticalrevision

of

Diptera speciesin

1763

work).

Nothing

is

known of

thecollectionsof Poda.

We

wrote

totheSteiermarkisches

Landesmuseum,

Graz,

and were informed

thatdespite extensive searchesfor

Poda's

collection

no

information

about

itsexistence

had

ever

been

discovered

and

the collectionis

assumed

to

have been

destroyed(J.

Madler

inlitt.,

9

July 92)

Preyssler,

Johann Daniel Edvard (17??-post 1838)

Gilbert [nodata].

Rozkosny

etal.(1982,notes

on

Diptera).

Robineau-Desvoidy, Andre Jean

Baptiste

(1799-1857)

Gilbert (1977: 319,

7

citations);

Royer

(1931, notes

on

collection);

Sabrosky

(1974, defenceof).

What remains of

the

Robineau-Desvoidy

collection is

now

at

MNHNP,

but

most of

^it is

known

to

have been

destroyed.

A check

has

been made

ⁱⁿthe

remmants of

his collection for the species

enumerated

inthispaper,but nothing_survives.

Rondani, Camillo (1807-1879)

Gilbert (1977: 322,

16

citations);

Guigla

(1957, typesin

Genoa); Sabrosky

(1961, bibliographicnotes);

Hennig

(1961,

muscid

types);

Pape

(1988, notes

on

collection

&

sarcophagidtypes).

Roser, Karl Ludwig Friedrich von (1787-1861)

Gilbert (1977: 324, 1 citation).

Roser

materialis

now

inthe

museum

at

Ludwigsburg (SMN).

Rossi, Pietro

(17387-1804)

Gilbert (1977: 324, 3 citations); Baccetti (1962, biographic

&

bibliog- raphicnotes).

Horn and Kahle

(1936:

23

1)stated that the

Rossi

collection

passed

toFr6d6ric

de

Sanvitale

of Parma and

part thereof(orall) later

passed

viaJ.

Hellwig

to

ZMHU

inBerlin. Baccetti(1962:20),

however, noted

that

no Rossi

types

have been found

in Berlin.

Schrank, Franz von Paula (1747-1835)

Gilbert (1977: 342,

2

citations).

See

Gistl,1837b.

38 Systematic Database of Musca Names

Scopoli,

Johann Anton (1723-1788)

Gilbert (1977: 344,

7

citations);Higgins (1963,fate

of

collection

and

notes

on

^{plates for}

1763

work); Schiner (1856, critical revision of Diptera species in

1763

work);

Voss

(1881, detailed information

on

^life

and

collections);

Guglia (1972

inScopoli 1972, biography).

Thomson, Carl Gustaf (1824-1899)

Gilbert (1977: 381, 8citations);Persson (1964, general notes

on

types;

1972, notes

on "Eugenies Resa"

material).

Thunberg, Carl Peter (1743-1828)

Gilbert (1977: 382, 8 citations); Karsholt

&

Schmidt-Nielsen (1986, collection notes).

Walker, Francis (1809-1874)

Gilbert (1977:400,

14

citations);

Smith &

Taylor (1964, typesatOxford);

Pont

(1966, typenotes);

Lopes

(1975, typenotes);

Graham

(1979, biog- raphy);

Walker

(1984, materialin

Melbourne); Thompson

(1989,collec- tion,label

&

typenotes).

Wiedemann,

Christian

Rudolph Wilhelm (1770-1840)

Gilbert (1977: 414, 3 citations);

Zimsen

(1954, types in

Copenhagen);

Thompson

(1989,collection,label

&

typenotes).

Zetterstedt,

Johann Wilhelm (1785-1874)

Gilbert (1977:425, 5citations);

Ander

(1952,collection notes);Persson (1964, notes

on

types);

Michelsen

(1985,

anthomyiid

spp.);

Pape

(1986, sarcophagidspp.).

Systematic Database of Musca Names

Scope

All

names proposed

in

combination

withthe

genus-group name Musca

or

now

includedinthe

genus Musca

are

reviewed

here.Thisdefinitionis

broad because

fly

maggots were

describedas ascarid

worms and

fossilcockroaches

were mistaken

for flies!

So some names proposed

in

combination

^with Ascaris

(Phylum Nematoda) now

are to

be found

as

synonyms of Musca

domestica

and some names proposed

in

combination

with

Musca

are

now found

assignedtospeciesintheorderBlattodea.

A few

other

names

associ- ated with these

Musca names have been

included.

When a name was

originally

proposed

inanother

genus

but subsequentlyplacedin

Musca and

Introduction 39

there

renamed because of homonymy,

theoriginal

name

isincludeddespite itscurrentplacement.

For example, Gmelin

(1790:

2865)

transferred

Rhagio maculatus

Fabriciusto

Musca and renamed

itas

Musca

adspersus

because

theFabrician

name was a

junior

secondary homonym of Musca maculata

Scopoli (1763:326).

Rhagio maculatus

isincluded sothatinformation

on

its type-locality

and

type-depositoryisavailable. Likewise, dataforall valid senior

synonyms of names proposed

in

Musca

are included.

A number

of

subsequent

usages, usuallyrepresenting

new

combinations,are alsoincluded

because

they

were

listedinSherborn's

IndexAnimalium.

InSherborn,there is usually

no

indication

of

the status

of

included

names. We have

thus includedall

names

listedfor

Musca

in

Sherborn and have

identifiedtheir status.

These

subsequent usages

of Musca names can be

^confusingto

modern

workers.

For example, Schumann

(1986: 18)

and Kurahashi

(1989:

703)

treated Scopoli's misidentification

of Musca

carnaria

Linnaeus

(a sarco- phagid,

but

Scopoli applied the

name

to

a

calliphorid) as

an

available

name.

Likewise,

Hennig

(1963: 857)rejectedthe

name Musca

laetaFallen

because Sherborn

(1922:

3355)

listed

Musca

laeta

Turton

but did notindicate that the

Turton name was

only

a subsequent

use

of Syrphus

laetusFabricius.

Altogether,thedatabase includes 2,077

names, of which

1,709 areavail- able,

904

arevalid,

305

arejunior

homonyms, and 368

areunavailable.

A

number of new names

_(3),

new combinations

(64)

and new synonyms

(57) aregiven.

Format

The

general

format of

theentries in the alphabeticallistis given below.

Square

bracketshere

denote

information

only

included

when

relevant

Valid names

aregivenin

BOLD

facetype; available,

but

invalid

names

aregiven initalics',

and

unavailable

names

are in

Roman.

name

Author, publication

yean page of

indication and/or description (Originalgenus).

Type

localityorstatus

of name. Kind of

type

Sex of

typeDepository

of

type.Family, currentvalid

name

including authorto theextent

known. [Comments and

furtherinformation.]

Type

localitydata aregiveninfullforallavailable

names

exceptreplace-

ment names and

emendations.

These

data

were

taken

from

the original literatureunless

more

detaileddata

were

available

from

type

specimens

or

from subsequent

studies.Locality

names have been

correctedto

conform

to current

usage and

political boundaries

where

possible.

When

this is not possible,theoriginaldata aregivenin

double

quotes^("...").

For replacement names and

emendations,the status

of

the

name

is given,

such

as

"emend.

[=emendation

of]

of

x-us

Author"

or"n. n.

[=new name

for]x-usAuthor".

40 Systematic Database of Musca Names

For nomina

nuda,localitydataare given,if

known. For

^allother unavailable

names,

the statusofthe

name

isgiven,

such

as "incosp. [=incorrect original spellingof]x-us Author," or "missp. [=misspellingof]x-usAuthor."

Data

are also

provided on

thetypes

of names

or authenticmaterial (of

nomina nuda) where

such are available.

Two

indexesareprovided:

One

lists the

names by

biogeographical

realm and

theother

by

thecurrenttaxonomical position.

The

traditionaldivision

of

the

world

into bioticregionsis

used and

ourdefinition

of

those regions

conforms

tothe

ones used by

thevarious regionalDipteracatalogs.

The taxonomic

indexlists the

names by

family, genus,

and

species to

which

theycurrentlybelong.In

both

indexes,theindex

term

is first,separated

by a

colon

and

followed

by

thelist

of

the

names

that areassociated withtheterm.

Cut-off

date

All

"Musca" names found

intheliteraturebefore 1 January

1992 have been

includedinthe database.

Lists

of

abbreviations

used

For

the status

of a name,

thefollowing abbreviationsare used:

N.n.=

New

nameproposedfor...

Incosp.=Incorrect original spellingof...

Missp.=[Subsequent] misspelling of...

Emend.

=

Emendationof...

For

the

kind

of type specimen(s),thefollowing abbreviationsare used:

A

⁼adult,

6*9

=

male(s)andfem*»le(s), 9=female,

L =

larva,

6 ⁼

male,

X =

fossil

For

the

kind

oftype, thefollowing abbreviationsareused:

HT =

holotype,

LT =

lectotype,

NT

=neotype,

ST =

syntypes,and

T

⁼type, statusunknownortypicalspecimen(s).

Holotype

is

used when one specimen was

designated asthetype or holotype or equivalent termin the original descriptionor

when

the original description

Introduction 41