As demonstrated, Christianity was built upon a long line of myths from a multitude of nations and basically represents the universal astrological mythos and ritual. In its creation was used a typical mythmaking device: To wit, when an invading culture takes over its predecessors, it often vilifies the preceding gods and goddesses or demotes them to lesser gods, patriarchs, prophets, kings, heroes and/or saints. Such mythmaking is found throughout the Old Testament as well, as previously noted regarding the “prophets” Daniel, Esther and Deborah, who were ancient gods of other cultures. As also demonstrated, prior to the vilification of the Baals of Canaan, Yahweh himself was a Baal. In fact, the Old Testament actually records the epics of Canaanite gods, as was evidenced with the discovery in 1975 of 20,000 clay tablets nearly 4,500 years old in the ruins of the large city of Ebla at Tell Mardikh in northwestern Syria. Of Ebla, John Fulton says, “It existed 1,000 years before David and Solomon and was destroyed by the Akkadians in around 1600 BC.”dclxiv The language recorded on these tablets is old Canaanite, very similar to biblical Hebrew, written in the Sumerian cuneiform script. These tablets contain hundreds of place names, a number of which are found in the Old Testament, including “Urusalima,” i.e., Jerusalem. They also contain the names of Hebrew
“patriarchs” who, according to the Bible, would not exist for hundreds to over a thousand years later, such as “Ab-ra-mu (Abraham), E-sa-um (Esau), Ish-ma-ilu (Ishmael), even Is-ra-ilu (Israel), and from later periods, names like Da-‘u’dum (David) and Sa-‘u-lum (Saul).”dclxv The tablets also contain the Canaanite creation and flood myths from which the very similar biblical versions were obviously plagiarized. In reality, the Israelites were mainly Canaanites, passing along the myths of their ancestors, which were corrupted over the centuries.
When the Yahwists imposed monotheism on both the Levantine peoples and their scriptures, they subjugated the wide variety of Canaanite Baals under their “one Lord” and turned these “foreign” gods into “patriarchs” and assorted other characters, good and bad. As Dujardin says:
Where Judaism fully succeeded, the ancient Baals of Palestine were transformed into heroic servants of Jahveh; where it gained only a partial victory, they became secondary gods. . . . Many of the old Baals of Palestine were assimilated by Judaism, which converted them into heroes in the cause of Jahveh, and in fact many scholars agree that the patriarchs of the Bible are the ancient gods of Palestine.dclxvi
Dujardin further outlines the process by which “Baals” or “foreign” gods were changed into Hebrew patriarchs, kings, prophets and heroes:
1. The ancient divinities of Palestine are transformed by the Bible into historical characters and turned into servants of Jahveh.
2. Their sanctuaries are turned into sanctuaries raised by them to Jahveh, or into tombs where they are buried, or into monuments of their exploits. Sometimes, however, their names, or those of the animals that they had been originally, were given to a place, and were no longer used except to denote it.
3. The names of the clans, derived from these divinities and from the names of animals that they had originally been, became the names of persons, and were introduced into the interminable genealogies invented to glorify great families of the Jewish state. All this was by way of assimilation.
4. Proscription was effected by devoting to abomination all the cults that offered resistance.
5. Also by making impure such animals as had originally been ancient gods, by forbidding
the eating of them, or by putting a curse on them.
6. And by transforming some of the rites and myths of these cults into historical legends.dclxvii
In this manner, ancient gods of other nations were mutated into not only biblical individuals but also tribes and nations.
Noah and the Flood
The fable of Noah purports to be the true story of the progenitor of the human race; however, like so many other biblical characters, Noah is a myth, found earlier in India, Egypt, Babylon, Sumer and other places. The fact is that there have been floods and deluge stories in many different parts of the world, including but not limited to the Middle East. As Churchward says:
There was never any one Great Deluge as in the Biblical rendering. . . . at least ten Great Deluges have taken place at each glacial epoch, when the snow and ice have melted. . . . There was also a great inundation once a year—when the Nile came down in flood. There is a portrayal on the monuments where Num is in his boat or Ark waiting for this flood.dclxviii
Regarding the ubiquitous flood myth, Walker says:
The biblical flood story, the “deluge,” was a late offshoot of a cycle of flood myths known everywhere in the ancient world. Thousands of years before the Bible was written, an ark was built by the Sumerian Ziusudra. In Akkad, the flood hero’s name was Atrakhasis. In Babylon, he was Uta-Napishtim, the only mortal to become immortal. In Greece he was Deucalion, who repopulated the earth after the waters subsided [and after the ark landed on Mt. Parnassos] . . . In Armenia, the hero was Xisuthros—a corruption of Sumerian Ziusudra—whose ark landed on Mount Ararat.
According to the original Chaldean account, the flood hero was told by his god, “Build a vessel and finish it. By a deluge I will destroy substance and life. Cause thou to go up into the vessel the substance of all that has life.”dclxix
Xisuthros or Ziusudra was considered the “10th king,” while Noah was the “10th patriarch.” Noah’s “history” can also be found in India, where there is a “tomb of Nuh” near the river Gagra in the district of Oude or Oudh, which evidently is related to Judea and Judah. The “ark-preserved” Indian Noah was also called “Menu.” Noah is also called “Nnu” and “Naue,” as in “Joshua son of Nun/Jesus son of Naue,”
meaning not only fish but also water, as in the waters of heaven. Furthermore, the word Noah, or Noé, is the same as the Greek νους, which means “mind,” as in
“noetics,” as does the word Menu or Menes, as in “mental.” In Hebrew, the word for
“ark” is THB, as in Thebes, such that the Ark of Noah is equivalent to the Thebes of Menes, the legendary first king of the Egyptians, from whose “history” the biblical account also borrowed.
Obviously, then, Noah’s famous “ark,” which misguided souls have sought upon the earth, is a motif found in other myths. As Doane relates, “The image of Osiris of Egypt was by the priests shut up in a sacred ark on the 17th of Athyr (Nov. 13th), the very day and month on which Noah is said to have entered his ark.”dclxx Noah is, in fact, another solar myth, and the ark represents the sun entering into the “moon- ark,” the Egyptian “argha,” which is the crescent or arc-shaped lunette or lower quarter of the moon. This “argha of Noah” is the same as Jason’s “Argonaut” and
“arghanatha” in Sanskrit.dclxxi Noah’s ark and its eight “sailors” are equivalent to the heavens, earth and the seven “planets,” i.e., those represented by the days of the week. As to the “real” Noah’s ark, it should be noted that it was a custom, in Scotland for one, to create stone “ships” on mounts in emulation of the mythos, such that any number of these “arks” may be found on Earth.
Like Noah, the Sumerian Ziusudra had three sons, including one named
“Japetosthes,” essentially the same as Noah’s son Japheth, also related to Pra- japatidclxxii or Jvapeti, son of the Indian Menu, whose other sons possessed virtually the same names as those of Noah, i.e., Shem and Ham. As Hazelrigg says, “These parallel the Hindu version of the same myth, wherein Menu Satyvrah figures as Noah, and Sherma, Charma, and Jvapeti are easily identified with the offspring.”dclxxiii
In the Bible, Noah’s sons are depicted as the “fathers” of various nations and races: Shem is the progenitor of the Semites; Japheth, the Aryans; and Ham, the
“Hamites,” or Africans. The story has been turned into racist propaganda, as the Semites are considered the best and Japhethites suitable enough to “dwell in the tents of the Semites,” while the Hamites are to serve as slaves to the other two, as a punishment for Ham ridiculing the drunken, naked Noah. Not only is such a punishment absurdly harsh, but Noah is not a historical character; thus, a fable has served to justify slavery.
The sons of Noah, of course, are also not historical, as Shem “was actually a title of Egyptian priests of Ra.”dclxxiv The three sons of Noah, in fact, represent the three divisions of the heavens into 120° each.dclxxv As characters in the celestial mythos, Noah corresponds to the sun and Shem to the moon, appropriate since the Semitic Jews were moon-worshippers.
Abraham and Sarah
Although Abraham is held up as the patriarch of the Hebrews and Arabs, the original Abraham and Sarah were the same as the Indian god Brahma and goddess Sarasvati, the “Queen of Heaven,” and the story of Abraham’s migration is reflective of a Brahmanical tribe leaving India at the end of the Age of Taurus. This identification of Abraham and Sarah as Indian gods did not escape the notice of the Jesuit missionaries in India; indeed, it was they who first pointed it out.dclxxvi Concerning the patriarch and his wife, Walker states:
This name meaning “Father Brahm” seems to have been a Semitic version of India’s patriarchal god Brahma; he was also the Islamic Abrama, founder of Mecca. But Islamic legends say Abraham was a late intruder into the shrine of the Kaaba. He bought it from priestesses of its original Goddess. Sarah, “the Queen,” was one of the Goddess’s titles, which became a name of Abraham’s biblical “wife.” . . . In the tale of Isaac’s near-killing, Abraham assumed the role of sacrificial priest in the druidic style, to wash Jehovah’s sacred trees with the Blood of the Son: an ancient custom, of which the sacrifice of Jesus was only a late variant.dclxxvii
Brahma and Sarasvati were apparently also turned into the Indian patriarch Adjigarta and his wife Parvati. Like Abram/ Abraham, in the Indian version Adjigarta beseeches the Lord for an heir and eventually takes a young red goat to sacrifice on the mountain, where the Lord speaks to him. As in the biblical tale, a stranger approaches Parvati, who gives him refreshments, and tells her that she will bring forth a son named Viashagagana (Isaac), “the reward of Alms.” When the child is 12, the Lord commands Adjigarta to sacrifice him, which the father faithfully begins to do, until the Lord stops him and blesses him as the progenitor of a virgin who will be divinely impregnated. Of the near-sacrifice by Abraham, Graham says,
“This too is an old story and like so many others in the Bible, originated in India.
Siva, like Abraham, was about to sacrifice his son on a funeral pyre, but his God, repenting, miraculously provided a rhinoceros instead.”dclxxviii
Abraham also seems to have been related to the Persian evil god, Ahriman, whose name was originally Abriman. Furthermore, Graham states, “The Babylonians
also had their Abraham, only they spelt it Abarama. He was a farmer and mythological contemporary with Abraham.”dclxxix
Hazelrigg relates that Abraham is also identified with the planet Saturn:
“The Semitic name, Abraham,” says Dr. Wilder, “appears to be made from the two words Ab and Ram, thus signifying ‘The Father on High.’ This, in astral theology, is a designation of the planet Saturn, or Kronos, and of the divinity bearing those names.”
. . . “Where, then, shall we find the difference between the patriarch Abraham and the god Saturn? Saturn was the son of Terra, and Abraham was the son of Terah.” . . .
“Our Father which art in heaven” was a direct prayer to this paternal principle, and for this reason Christ (Sun) is expressly denominated as the Son of Abraham, or Son of the Father, because the Sun is the center of a system about which Saturn describes an encompassing circle.dclxxx
Regarding details of the Abramic story, Walker says:
The biblical mother-shrine Mamre at Hebron included a sacred oak in a female- symbolic grove. Old Testament scribes pretended it was the home of Abraham, although even in the fourth century A.D. it was still a pagan site, dedicated to the worship of “idols.”dclxxxi
Furthermore, Abram’s “Ur of the Chaldees” apparently does not originally refer to the Ur in Mesopotamia and to the Middle Eastern Chaldean culture but to an earlier rendition in India, where Higgins, for one, found the proto-Hebraic Chaldee language.
Regarding Sarah, Walker relates that the “original name of Israel meant ‘the tribe of Sarah.’ Her name was formerly Sara’i, The Queen, a name of the Great Goddess in Nabataean inscriptions. Priests changed her name to Sarah in the sixth century B.C.”dclxxxii These stories serve not as chronicles of individuals but of gods and tribes, such that, as Walker further relates, “Sarah was the maternal goddess of the
‘Abraham’ tribe that formed an alliance with Egypt in the 3rd millennium B.C.”dclxxxiii Hence the story of Abraham and Sarah in Egypt.
Moses, the Exodus, the Ten Commandments
The legend of Moses, rather than being that of a historical Hebrew lawgiver, is found from the Mediterranean to India, with the character having different names and races, depending on the locale: “Manou” is the Indian legislator. “Nemo the lawgiver,” who brought down the tablets from the Mountain of God, hails from Babylon. “Mises” is found in Syria, where he was pulled out of a basket floating in a river. Mises also had tablets of stone upon which laws were written, and a rod with which he did miracles, including parting waters and leading his army across the
sea.dclxxxiv In addition, “Manes the lawgiver” took the stage in Egypt, and “Minos” was
the Cretan reformer.
Jacolliot traces the original Moses to the Indian Manou: “This name of Manou, or Manes . . . is not a substantive, applying to an individual man; its Sanscrit signification is the man, par excellence, the legislator. It is a title aspired to by all the leaders of men in antiquity.”
Like Moses, Krishna was placed by his mother in a reed boat and set adrift in a river to be discovered by another woman. The Akkadian Sargon also was placed in a reed basket and set adrift to save his life. In fact, “The name Moses is Egyptian and comes from mo, the Egyptian word for water, and uses, meaning saved from water, in this case, primordial.”dclxxxv Thus, this title Moses could be applied to any of these various heroes saved from the water.
Walker elaborates on the Moses myth:
The Moses tale was originally that of an Egyptian hero, Ra-Harakhti, the reborn sun god of Canopus, whose life story was copied by biblical scholars. The same story was told of the sun hero fathered by Apollo on the virgin Creusa; of Sargon, king of Akkad in 2242 B.C.; and of the mythological twin founders of Rome, among many other baby heroes set adrift in rush baskets. It was a common theme.dclxxxvi
Furthermore, Moses’s rod is a magical, astrology stick used by a number of other mythical characters. Of Moses’s miraculous exploits, Walker also relates:
Moses’s flowering rod, river of blood, and tablets of the law were all symbols of the ancient Goddess. His miracle of drawing water from a rock was first performed by Mother Rhea after she gave birth to Zeus, and by Atalanta with the help of Artemis.
His miracle of drying up the waters to travel dry-shod was earlier performed by Isis, or Hathor, on her way to Byblos.dclxxxvii
And Higgins states:
In Bacchus we evidently have Moses. Herodotus says [Bacchus] was an Egyptian . . . The Orphic verses relate that he was preserved from the waters, in a little box or chest, that he was called Misem in commemoration of the event; that he was instructed in all the secrets of the Gods; and that he had a rod, which he changed into a serpent at his pleasure; that he passed through the Red Sea dry-shod, as Hercules subsequently did . . . and that when he went to India, he and his army enjoyed the light of the Sun during the night: moreover, it is said, that he touched with his magic rod the waters of the great rivers Orontes and Hydaspes; upon which those waters flowed back and left him a free passage. It is even said that he arrested the course of the sun and moon. He wrote his laws on two tablets of stone. He was anciently represented with horns or rays on his head.dclxxxviii
It has also been demonstrated that the biblical account of the Exodus could not have happened in history. Of this implausible story, Mead says:
. . . Bishop Colenso’s . . . mathematical arguments that an army of 600,000 men could not very well have been mobilized in a single night, that three millions of people with their flocks and herds could not very well have drawn water from a single well, and hundreds of other equally ludicrous inaccuracies of a similar nature, were popular points which even the most unlearned could appreciate, and therefore especially roused the ire of apologists and conservatives.dclxxxix
The apologists and conservatives, however, have little choice in the matter, as there is no evidence of the Exodus and wandering in the desert being historical:
But even scholars who believe they really happened admit that there’s no proof whatsoever that the Exodus took place. No record of this monumental event appears in Egyptian chronicles of the time, and Israeli archaeologists combing the Sinai during intense searches from 1967 to 1982years when Israel occupied the peninsula—didn’t find a single piece of evidence backing the Israelites’ supposed 40-year sojourn in the desert.
The story involves so many miracles—plagues, the parting of the Red Sea, manna from heaven, the giving of the Ten Commandments—that some critics feel the whole story has the flavor of pure myth. A massive exodus that led to the drowning of Pharaoh’s army, says Father Anthony Axe, Bible lecturer at Jerusalem’s Ecole Biblique, would have reverberated politically and economically through the entire region. And considering that artifacts from as far back as the late Stone Age have turned up in the Sinai, it is perplexing that no evidence of the Israelites’ passage has been found. William Dever, a University of Arizona archaeologist, flatly calls Moses a mythical figure. Some scholars even insist the story was a political fabrication, invented to unite the disparate tribes living in Canaan through a falsified heroic past.dcxc
Potter sums up the mythicist argument regarding Moses:
The reasons for doubting his existence include, among others, (1) the parallels between the Moses stories and older ones like that of Sargon, (2) the absence of any Egyptian account of such a great event as the Pentateuch asserts the Exodus to have been, (3) the attributing to Moses of so many laws that are known to have originated much later, (4) the correlative fact that great codes never suddenly appear full-born but are slowly evolved, (5) the difficulties of fitting the slavery, the Exodus, and the