CHAPTER IV: RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSIONS
A. Types of Deixis in Song Lyrics of Raef The Path Album
2. Place Deixis
Place deixis means the expressions of place deixis require contextual information of the place of the utterance.2 In The Path album, the researcher found and classified the eleven songs which showed place deixis.
Table 4.4 Place Deixis in Twelve Songs
No. Song Place Deixis
Distal Proximal Projected and Specific Location
1. Peace and Blessing - Here Rose
2. The Bright Moon
- This Rose over, the valley of Wada, welcome
3. So Real - - Down inside
4. You are The One - This Right beside
5. Home That This The ancient lands, across the seas, a place, home, lakes, the Mississippi valley, sea to sea, York, and the city of Angles, close to, home-sweet- home
6. No One Knows but Me
- Here Waterfall, down, falling, rising, come, close to, raised
7. The Path
- -
The seven skies, above, pages, around, the path, the world, inside, way, go
8. Mawlaya - - -
9. Call on Him
-
Here way, the world, the heavens and earth, side, back up, fall, above, stay, straight ahead, shade
10. Freedom Ain’t Free That, - Above, far, the world, the way,
2 Fromkin, Victoria, An Introduction to Language, 191.
there coming, running, side, come on, let’s stand, let’s go, higher ground, back down
11. Dream - This,
these
Come, on the streets, gone, went 12. You’re There There Right
here
A cold misty sky, side, around, deep inside, the other side, the world
From the table above, it could be seen that eleven songs from The Path album, place deixis and three terms of place deixis was occurred. But, place deixis was not occurred in Mawlaya song. First song was “Peace and Blessing”. In this song, two place deictic words were included in place deixis and followed by one word as proximal term and one word as projected term. Deictic expression “here” indicated as proximal term.
Deictic word “rose” indicated as projected term.
Second song was “The Bright Moon”. The researcher found four deictic words indicated place deixis and followed by one word as proximal term and three words as projected term and specific location term. The use of proximal term in this song was showed by deictic word “this”. The last were projected term and specific location showed by use words “rose over and welcome (projected term), and the valley (specific location)”.
Third song was “So Real”. In this song, one word indicated place deixis as projected term. Deictic words “down inside” indicated as projected term.
Fourth song was “Youare The One”. Place deixis were occurred in this song. The researcher found one word as proximal term, and one word as projected term. The used word of proximal term was showed by use
word “this”. Projected term was represented by use deictic expression
“right beside”.
Fifth song was “Home”. In this song, place deixis that occurred and followed by three terms of place deixis. They were consists of one word indicated distal term, one word indicated proximal term, and eleven words indicated projected term and specific location. Distal term represented by the use deictic expression “that”. Deictic word “this” indicated proximal term. The words were indicated projected term and specific location showed by use deictic word “close to (projected term), the ancient lands, across the seas, a place, home, lakes, the Mississippi valley, sea to sea, York, the city of Angles and home-sweet-home (specific location)”.
Sixth song was “No One Knows but Me”. The researcher found eight deictic words indicated place deixis and followed by one word as proximal term and seven words as projected term. The used word of proximal term was showed by use word “here”. Projected term was represented by use deictic expressions “down, falling, rising, come, close to, raised (projected term) and waterfall (specific location)”.
Seventh song was “The Path”. There were nine deictic words indicated place deixis. Nine words indicated as projected term and specific location were represented by the use words “above, around, inside, way, go (projected term), the seven skies, pages, the path and the world (specific location)”.
Ninth song was “Call on Him”. In this song, there were eleven deictic words included place deixis. The researcher found one word as proximal term, and ten words as projected and specific location. Proximal term was showed by the use deictic word “here”. Deictic words “side, back up, fall, above, stay, straight ahead” were categorized as projected term and “way, the world, the heaven and earth, shade” were categorized as specific location.
Tenth song was “Freedom Ain’t Free”. The researcher found fourteen deictic expressions indicated place deixis and followed by two words as distal term, and twelve words as projected term and specific location. Deictic words “that and there” were categorized as distal term.
Deictic expressions “above, far, coming, running, side, come on, let’s stand, let’s go, and back down” were categorized as projected term, and
“the world, the way, and higher ground” were categorized as specific location.
Eleventh song was “Dream”. In this song, there were six words indicated place deixis. There were two deictic words as proximal term, and four deictic words as projected term and specific location. Deictic words which indicated as proximal term was represented by the use words “this and these”. Deictic expressions which indicated as projected term were showed by the use words “come, gone and went” and deictic word “the streets” indicated as specific location.
Twelfth song was “You’re There”. Place deixis that occurred in this song and followed by three terms of place deixis. The researcher found that one word as distal term, one word as proximal term, and eight words as projected term and specific location. Distal term was represented by the use word “there”. Proximal term was showed by the use deictic word “right here”. Deictic words “side, around,deep inside, and the other side” indicated as projected term and deictic words “a cold misty sky and the world” indicated as specific location.
From the explanation above, the researcher concluded that from eleven songs in The Path album used place deixis was occurred and followed by three types of place deixis. The function of place deixis was explained of the distance or location where the scene in the song lyrics.