Polylepis australis Bitter, 1911b:619. [Type collection: Sierra Santa Barbara, Jujuy, Argentina, 2500 m, 11 Ju1 1901, Fries 261. Lectotype S ! , isotype US!]
Polylepis racemosa var. glabra 0. Kuntze, 1898:77. [Type col- lection: Sierra d e Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina, Schnyder s.n. Type presumably destroyed at Berlin, possible isotype Polylepis rucemwa var. glabrescens 0 . Kuntze, 1898:77. [Type collection: Cienaga, Catamarca, Argentina, Lorentz 310.
T y p e destroyed at Berlin, collection duplicate at NY!]
Polylepis racemosa var. albotomentella 0. Kuntze, 1898:77.
[Type collection: L m Gigantes, Cordoba, Argentina, F . K u r t z , not seen, presumably destroyed a t Berlin.]
Polylepis racemosa var. pubescens 0. Kuntze, 1898:77. [Type collection: Cuesta d e Copina, Sierra de Achala, Cordoba, Argentina, H i e r o n y m u s s.n. T y p e not seen, presumably destroyed at Berlin, collection duplicates at BM! G! K!
NY!; specimen at G! annotated by Bitter.]
Polylepis racemosa var. subresinosa 0 . Kuntze, 1898:77. [Type collection: Cuesta d e Copina, Sierra d e Achala, a o d o b a , Argentina, Hieronymus s.n. T y p e not seen, presumably destroyed at Berlin, collection duplicate a t G!]
Polylepis racernosa Lar. p u b i t ~ e r v i a 0. Kuntze, 1898:77. [Type collection: Cerro Champaqui, Argentina. Kurtz s.n. Type not seen, presumably destroyed a t Berlin.]
Polylepis racemosa var. fuscotornentella 0 . Kuntze, 1898:77.
[Type collection: Oyada, Argentina, Lorentz 4 4 2 . Type not seen, presumably destroyed at Berlin.]
NY!]
Polylepis australis var. gla6ra (0. Kuntze) Bitter, 1911b3622.
Polylepis australis var. glabrescens (0. Kuntze pro parte) Bitter, 191 1b:623.
Polylepis australis var. subcalva Bitter, 1911b:623. [Type collection: Cienaga, Catamarca, Argentina, Lorentz 310 pro parte. Type presumably destroyed at Berlin, collec- tion duplicate at NY!]
Polylepis australis var. oblanceolata Bitter, 1911b:623. [An illegitimate name since Bitter cites P. racemosa var. pubes- cens as a synonym.]
Polylepis australis var. latifoliolata Bitter, 1911b:624. [Type collection: north of the Cuesta d e Copina, Cordoba, Argen- tina, Hi: rony71ius s.n. T y p e not seen, presumably destroyed a t Berlin.]
Polylepis austrnlis var. fuscitoinentella (0. Kuntze) Bitter, 19 I 1 b: 625.
Polylepis australis \ a r . crcnulata Bitter, 1911b:625. [Type collection: Sierra Santa Barbara, Jujuy, Argentina, 2500 m,
11 Ju1 1901, Fries 26f. Holotype S!]
Polylepis australis var. tucumanica Bitter, 1913b:478. [Type collection: Canada del Munoz, Tafi d e I’alle, Tucuman, Argentina, Castillon 22523. Lectotype destroyed at Berlin, Isotype G!]
Polylepis australis var. tucumanica subvar. rnajuscula Bitter, 1913:478. [Type collection: La Quenoa, Tucuman, Argen- tina, 2600 m , 11 Mar 1912, Lillo 11257. Type not seen, presumably destroyed at Berlin.]
Polylepis australis var. tucumanica subvar. latifrons Bitter, 1913:479. [Type collection: Canada del Munoz, Tafi del Yalle, Tucuman, Argentina, Castillon s.n. Type destroyed at Berlin, Isotype LIL!]
Polylepis a u s t r n l i n t a r . tucumanica subvar. gracilescens Bitter, 1913:479. [Type collection: Angostura, Tafi del Valle, T u c u m i n , Argentina, Castillon s.n. T y p e presumably de- stroyed at Berlin, Isotype G!].
Polylepis austrnlis var. tucumanica subvar. breviuscula Bitter, 1913:479. [Type collection: La Cienaga, Tucuman, Argen- tina, 2500 m , 19 Dec 1908, Lillo 8767. T y p e not seen, pre- sumably destroyed at Berlin, isotype G ! ]
Trees 1.5-10 m tall, Leaves very congested at the ends of branches with the area of overlapping stipule sheaths swollen (Figure 38a); leaves com- posed of ( 1 ) 2-3 pairs of leaflets, obtrullate in out- line, 1.8-5.3 cm wide, 2.0-7.2 cm long; rachises glabrescent to densely glandular; point of leaflet attachment with a tuft of long white trichomes (Figure 38b); stipule sheaths glabrescent, glandular or pilose on the outer surface and with long straight trichomes projecting from the inside surface near the petiole. Leaflets broadly lanceolate, obovate, first or second pair from the terminal leaflet the largest, one of this pair 0.3-1.5 cm wide, 1.0-4.0 cm long;
margins crenate, sometimes ciliate, apex obtuse, base unequally abrupt or attenuate; upper surface glabrescent with a few scattered, twisted trichomes, glabrous or densely glandular (Figure 38b); lower surface glabrous, glabrescent, glandular or with scattered, appressed straight trichomes (Figure 38b).
Inflorescence pendant, 1.8-7.3 cm long, bearing 2-12 flowers, floral bracts lanceolate, scarious, sparsely glandular, 3-6 mm long, rachises with scattered
NUMBER 43 57
FIGURE 38.--PoZyZepis australis: a, branch ( x 0.5); h, point of leaflet attachment, upper surface ( x 3): c, flower ( x 6); d, fruit ( x 6).
58 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS T O BOTANY
glandular trichomes and resin. Flowers (Figure 38c) perfect, 0.7-1.0 cm in diameter, sepals 3 or 4, ovate, outer surface glandular o r pilose, stamens 8-16, anthers with a tuft of straight trichomes at the apex;
base of style glabrous o r with a few straight tri- chomes. Fruit (Figure 38d) turbinate, winged, the wings irregular and pronounced, 0.2-0.6 cm wide including wings, 0.2-0.9 cm long.
DIsTRIBuTIoix.-hTorthern Argentina in the Prov- inces of Jujuy, Salta, Catamarca, T u c u m a n , and Cordoba (Figure 39). Flowering recorded June, July, October to April.
COMMON NAMES.-Tabaquillo, quenoa, quenua, q ueii ura,
UsEs.-The wood is used for the manufacture of farming implements.
R E P R E S E N T A T I V E S P E C I X % E N S E X . ~ M I N E D . - A R G E N T I N A . SALTA: Dept. Santa I’ictoria, Santa I’ictoria, 2385 m , 28 J a n 1942, h l e y e r 46Q4 (UC); ibid Rodeo Pampa, 3000 m , J a n 1943, Meyer 4876 ( F , LIL, VC); between Guachipas a n d Pampa Grande, 9 J a n 1961, Meyer 21861 (LIL); Dept. La. Candelaria, Cuesta occidental, Sierra del Castillyo, 2000 m , 7 Sov 1931, Schreiter 6639 (LIL, S. UC). J U J U U : Laguna d e Yala, 13 J a n 1970, hleyer, L e g n a m e h K o y a m a 126 (LIL). CATAMARCA:
FIGURF, 39.-Collection localities of Polylepis australis.
Dept. Andalgaa, Los Quenoales, above t h e Mesaco d e las Rosas, 15 J a n 1952, Sleumer 2245 (US); Andalgala, 1800 m, 12 Mar 1915, J o g e n s e n I f 5 5 ( G H , MO, US). TUCUMAN: Dept.
Chicligasta. La Estancia 10s Pavos, 2000 m , 13 Dec 1925, T’enturi 3YYO (MO, S, US); ibid, 22 SOT 1926, I’enturi 4591 (F, G H , UC, US); Saladillo, 1000 m , 18 May 1948, dfeyer I f 0 6 3 (MO, FY); Dept. Trancas, Pie a la Cuesta, 21 Apr 1926, I’ejttuii +j53 (A, S) ; Dept. Tafi, Cumbre d e .infama toward La Aguadita, 26 Oct 1934. Sch,.eiei 981f (S, US) ; La Cienaga to T a f i del I’alle, 2OOC-2500 m , 15 J u n 1923, Schwiter 3 f 5 9 0 (A, US); La Cienaga, 2700 m, 6 Oct 1924, Schreiter 89339 (US); T a f i del I’alle, 24 Sep 1949, P d n c i o s , Bnrkley, Bnlegno 19‘4rIO6 (MO, S ) ; Cumbre Anfama, 2700 m, 20 S o v 1927, I’enturi 5 f 9 7 , (A, MO, S ) ; Quebrada Chada del Neunoy, 23 Mar 1944, Lourteig 553 (.I, US); Quebrada d e 10s Glisus, J a n 1912, Cnstillon 8 9 3 f f (US); San Jose, Chaque\il, 2650 m, 4 J a n 1953, Petersen 6 Hjerting 876 ( S ) ; Dept. Burroyaco, Cerro del Campo, 2500 m , 30 Dec 1928, Venturi 9171 (BM, US); El Saldillo, 12 Sep 1916, Joi-gensen ?I (GH, US); La Q u e n u a , 3000 m , 27 J a n 1933, Parodi I0732 (GH); Laguna del Tesoro, 18 Oct 1969, L e g u m e 5 l’aca 3741’ (LIL).
C O R D O B A : Dept. Calmuchita, Cerro Champaqui, 2600 m , 14 Mar 1952, Ki.apovickas 7690 (LIL): ibid, without date, K u r t z 6 8 f 2 ( X Y ) ; Dept. San Alberto, Mina Clatro, 11 Nov 1952, Krapovickns i i f i (LIL); Dept. Punilla, la barranca of t h e rio Yuspe, 1780 m , Dec 1949, Meser ckSleumer 15627 (B); Sierra Grande (Achala), 13-15 J a n 1876, Hieronyinus 317 (F, US);
P a m p a d e Achala, 2200 m , 13 Dec 1945, Hunriker I398 (MO.) DIscussIow.-Because of its isolated geographical position in northern Argentina, Polylepis australis is a convenient unit for circumscription. As indi- cated by numerous authors (Bitter, 191 Ib, Zardini, 1973), i t may be only a geographically isolated form of either P. racemosa or P. tomentella. Otto Kuntze (1898) described as varieties of P. mcemosa many populations that have been placed in P. australis by Bitter (1911b) and subsequent workers. I n mor- phology, plants from populations included within P. australis are distinct enough to be easily recog- nized. I n general, the fruits of this species are more winged than those of any other in the genus. I n addition, the leaflets are usually glabrous or gla- brescent; however, there is enormous variation within and between populations. Plants even within a population can have leaflets varying from small to large and glabrous to densely glandular. T h i s variability has, unfortunately, been the cause of a taxonomic muddle in the treatment of the species.
When Bitter described Polylepis australis (1911b), he neglected to cite any specimens that could be associated directly with the specific epithet. Instead, after the description of the species, he gave a general distributional range and proceeded to circumscribe eight varieties. Bitter did not name a variety P.
NU!vIBER 43 59 australis var. austruliJ nor did he indicate which
of the varieties he would consider to contain the type of the species. I n choosing a lectotype, I have chosen the only variety for which there is an extant holotype. T h e type of this variety thus becomes the type of the species. Further complications i n the taxonomy of the species arise because Bitter used different specimens of the same collections as types of some of his varieties (e.g., Lorentz 310, Hierony- mus s.n.). Since the actual specimens used by Bitter were destroyed at Berlin, and since he obviously considered the collecLioris to be polytypic, it is im- possible to refer duplicates of these collections to his various varieties. LVhile the descriptions of the varieties might provide some clue as to his designa- tion of particular specimens, there is so much varia- tion that designating parts of the collections not
seen by Bitter would be potentially misleading. Also there is n o apparent need to recognize subspecific taxa, and I have merely given the types as Bitter listed them a n d made n o attempt to designate lectotypes from the isotypes.
A similar situation pertains in the case of Polylepis australis var. tucumanica and its subvarieties de- scribed by Bitter in 1913. T h e description of the variety has n o specimens associated with it; how- ever, there are extant isotypes of the collections that he cited for the various subvarieties. One of these is designated here as the lectotype of the variety tucumanica. Still, as in the case of the other varieties of the species described by Bitter, there appears to be n o justification for the retention of this variety or its subvarieties.
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