CHAPTER III METHOD OF RESEARCH
3.6 Technique of Data Analysis
Quantitative research is a survey design provides a quantitative or numeric description of some fraction of the population the sample through the data collection process of asking questions of people.36 From the above, the researcher will apply the statistically analyzing by some of the procedures below:
3.6.1 Scoring Students‟ Correct Answer
In analyzing the students‟ score in pre-test and post-test, the researcher will use the following formula:
37
3.6.2 Classifying the Students‟ Scoring
36John W.Creswell, Reasearch Desaign, First edition (London: Sage Publication, 1994), p.
117.
37Igak Wardanhi & KuswayaWihardhit, Penelitian Tindakan Kelas, First edition (Jakarta:
Universitas Terbuka, 2008), p. 325.
In classifying the students‟ score in the following criteria at the book that was written by Suharsimi Arikunto that is modified as follow:
Table 3.2 The Classification of the Students Score
SCORE CLASSIFICATION
80-100 Excellent
66-79 Good
56-65 Fair
40-55 Poor
˂39 Very Poor38
3.6.3 Frequency and Rate Percentage of the Students
In calculating of frequency and percentage of the students, the researcher will use the formula as follows:
P X 100%
Where:
P : Percentage F : Frequency
N :Total Number of Sample39
38Suharsimi Arikunto, Dasar-Dasar Evaluasi Pendidikan (Jakarta: Bumi Aksara, 2009), p.
245.
39L.R. Gay, Educational Research Competencies ForAnalisys and Application, p.225.
3.6.4 Mean Score Technique
In finding out the mean score of the students, the researcher will use the formula as below:
Where : X = Mean Score
= The sum of the all score N= Total Number of Students40 3.6.5 Standard Deviation
In finding out the Standard Deviation, the researcher will use the formula as below:
√ ( ) Where :
SD= Standard Deviation = The Sum all square
N = The total number of students
(∑x)2= The sum square of the sum of square41
40Punaji Setyosari, Metode Penelitian Pendidikan dan Pengembangan (Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group, 2010), p. 212.
41 Punaji Setyosari, Metode Penelitian Pendidikan dan Pengembangan (Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group, 2010), p. 212.
3.6.6 Test of the Significance Technique
In finding out the significance differences between pre-test and post-test, the researcher will use the following formula to calculate the value of the test:
√ ( ) ( ) Where:
t : Test of significant D :The mean score
: The summary total score of difference
D2 : The square of summary total score of difference42
42Gay L.R. Educational Research: Competencies for Analysis and Application (Columbus:
Charles E Merril Company,1981),p.331.
CHAPTER IV
FINDING AND DISCUSSION
This chapter consists of two sections, the section deals with the finding of the research and the discussions of the research. The findings of the research cover the description of the result of data collected through test that can be discussed in the section below.
4.1 Findings
The findings of this research deal with the classification of students‟ pre-test and post-test. To find out the answer of the research question in the previous chapter, the researcher gave a test that was given twice. A pre-test was given before treatment to know the students‟ vocabulary mastery through Word Wall media before giving them the treatment, while post-test was given after treatment to know the students‟
vocabulary mastery after giving treatment and the result of the post-test of this research can answer the question of this research that aims to find out Using Word
Wall media that be able to improve the students‟ vocabulary mastery at Junior High School 4 Marioriawa Kab.Soppeng.
4.1.1 The vocabulary mastery Using Word Wall media at students of Junior High School 4 Marioriawa Kab.Soppeng.
This part covers the result of data description about the vocabulary mastery Using Word Wall media at student:
4.1.1.1 The students‟ score in pre-test
The pre-test had done before implementation Word Wall media. It was conducted on Thursday, Desember 13th, 2018. The students was given the pre-test.
The researcher found out the result of the students‟ pre-test based on the scoring of vocabulary before giving treatment using Word Wall media which were description and resulted in the information as shown in the following table:
Table 4.1 The Students‟ Score in Pre-Test
NO STUDENTS
PRE- TEST
CORRECT ANSWER SCORE
1 2 3 4
1 Selvina Maharani
16 53
2 Nurul Nasywa Juniar 17 57
3 Salma 16 53
4 Syarwana 17 53
5 Nur Hidayatullah 17 57
6 Muhammad Iqbal 15 50
7 M.Fauzan 16 53
8 Selfiani 18 60
9 Hasrullah 16 53
1 2 3 4
10 Nurul Aiza 18 60
11 Nuhardi 15 50
12 Nur Asma 15 50
13 Nur devianti 17 57
14 Kartini 17 57
15 Irwan 15 50
16 Umrah 18 60
17 Lina 15 50
TOTAL 278 923
(Data’ source: the Students’ Score in Pre-Test)
After knowing the students‟ score in pre-test, the researcher following table are students‟ score to find out the mean score:
Table 4.2 The Students‟ Score in Pre-Test Classification
NO STUDENTS
PRE-TEST OF THE STUDENTS (X1)
X2
CLASSIFIC ATION MAX SCORE SCORE X1
1 2 3 4 5 6
1 S1 100 53 2809 POOR
2 S2 100 57 3249 FAIR
1 2 3 4 5 6
3 S3 100 53 2809 POOR
4 S4 100 53 2809 POOR
5 S5 100 57 3249 FAIR
6 S6 100 50 2500 POOR
7 S7 100 53 2809 POOR
8 S8 100 60 3600 FAIR
9 S9 100 53 2809 POOR
10 S10 100 60 3600 FAIR
11 S11 100 50 2500 POOR
12 S12 100 50 2500 POOR
13 S13 100 57 3249 FAIR
14 S14 100 57 3249 FAIR
15 S15 100 50 2500 POOR
16 S16 100 60 3600 FAIR
17 S17 100 50 2500 POOR
TOTAL 923 50341
(Data’ source: the Students’ Score in Pre-Test)
Based on the table above, showing the result of students‟ vocabulary mastery score before giving treatment using Word Wall Media, seven students in fair classification, ten students in poor classification, then no one in excellent, good and very poor classification. Total score in pre-test was 923. It could be seen that almost of the VII.2 students‟ ability in vocabulary was low. Because most of students gained poor score. The following are the process of calculation to find out the mean score and the standard deviation based on the calculation of students‟ score in pre-test of the table 4.2.
Firstly, the researcher calculated the mean score of the pre-test with formula:
=
= 54,2
Where:
X : Mean score : Total of row score
n : Number of students‟43
So, the mean score (X1) of pre-test is 54,2
Based on the result of the pretest, the data showed that the mean score of pretest was 54,2 . Lowest achievement gained score 50. From that analyzing, it could be seen that almost of the 17 students‟ ability in vocabulary was still low because most of students gained poor score.
Secondly, the researcher calculated the standard deviation of the pre-test with formula:
√
( )
√ ( )
√
√
√
43 Punaji Setyosari, Metode Penelitian Pendidikan dan Pengembangan (Jakarta: Kencana Prenada
Media Group, 2010), p. 212.
√ 3,77 Where :
SD : Standard Deviation : The Sum all square
N : The total number of students
(∑x)2 : The sum square of the sum of square44
So, the result of the standard deviation of the pre-test is 3,77
After determining the mean score (X1) of pre-test was 54,2 and standard deviation (SD) of the pre-test was 3,77 , it could be seen that the students‟ vocabulary mastery were in a low category.
4.1.1.2 The students‟ score in post-test
Meanwhile, the students‟ score on post-test would be presented in the following table:
Table 4.3 The Students‟ Score in Post-Test
44Gay, L. R., Education Research: Competencies for Analysis & Application(United States of America: Charles E Merrill Company, 1981) ,p. 446.
NO STUDENTS
POST- TEST CORRECT ANSWER
SCORE
1 2 3 4
1 Selvina Maharani 22 73
2 Nurul Nasywa Juniar 26 87
3 Salma 24 80
4 Syarwana 22 73
5 Nur Hidayatullah 26 87
6 Muhammad Iqbal 23 77
7 M.Fauzan 25 83
8 Selfiani 26 87
9 Hasrullah 21 70
10 Nurul Aiza 27 90
11 Nuhardi 26 87
12 Nur Asma 21 70
13 Nur devianti 23 77
14 Kartini 27 90
15 Irwan 21 70
16 Umrah 26 87
17 Lina 25 83
Total 411 1371
(Data’ source: the Students’ Score in Post-Test)
After knowing the students‟ score in post-test based on scoring rubric of writing, the following table are students‟ score to find out the mean score:
Table 4.4 The Students‟ Score in Post-Test Classification
NO STUDENTS
POST-TEST OF THE STUDENTS (X1)
X2 CLASSIFICATI
MAX SCORE SCORE ON X2
1 2 3 4 5 6
1 S1 100 73 5329 GOOD
2 S2 100 87 4489 EXCELLENT
3 S3 100 80 3969 EXCELLENT
4 S4 100 73 5329 GOOD
5 S5 100 87 3969 EXCELLENT
6 S6 100 77 3600 GOOD
7 S7 100 83 4900 EXCELLENT
8 S8 100 87 3969 EXCELLENT
9 S9 100 70 3600 GOOD
10 S10 100 90 3600 EXCELLENT
11 S11 100 87 3600 EXCELLENT
12 S12 100 70 4489 GOOD
13 S13 100 77 5929 GOOD
14 S14 100 90 3600 EXCELLENT
15 S15 100 70 4900 GOOD
16 S16 100 87 3600 EXCELLENT
17 S17 100 83 6889 EXCELLENT
TOTAL 1371 75761
(Data’ source: the Students’ Score in Post-Test)
The table above showed that there was an improvement of students‟ score after giving treatment through Word Wall, ten students in excellent classification, six seven students in good classification, no one student in fair, poor, very poor classification. It means that the students vocabulary ability has improved using Word Wall media. The total score in post-test is 1371. It proved that there were increasing of students‟ score in post-test.
In this, the researcher description the data of students‟ score in post-test to know whether there is or there is no a significant difference of students‟ achievement before and after learning process through Word Wall media in vocabulary ability.
The first, to get the mean score of the post-test, used formula:
x =
x = 80,64
Where:
X : Mean score : Total of row score n : Number of students‟45
So, the mean score (X2) of post-test is 80,64
Based on the result of the posttest, the data showed that the mean score of posttest was 80,64 . The lowest achievement gained score 90. From that description, it could be seen that almost of the 17 students‟ vocabulary mastery was excellent because there was an improvement of students‟ score ten students in excellent classification, seven students in good classification, no one student in fair, poor, and very poor classification.
The second, to get the standard deviation of the post-test, used formula:
√ ( )
√ ( )
45 Punaji Setyosari, Metode Penelitian Pendidikan dan Pengembangan (Jakarta: Kencana
Prenada Media Group, 2010), p. 212.
√
√
√
√
Where :
SD : Standard Deviation : The Sum all square
N : The total number of students
(∑x)2 : The sum square of the sum of square46 So, the SD of the post-test is 63,5
After determining the mean score (X2) of post-test was 80,64, and standard deviation (SD) of the post-test was 63,5 , it could be seen that the students‟
vocabulary mastery were in a excellent category.
46 Gay, L. R., Education Research: Competencies for Analysis & Application(United States of
America: Charles E Merrill Company, 1981) ,p. 446.
4.1.1.3 The result of the pre-test and post-test were presented in the following:
The result of the pre-test and post-test showing in the following table.
Table 4.5 the Mean Score and Standard Deviation of the Pre-Test and Post-Test
Test Mean Score Standard Deviation (SD)
Pre-test Post-test
54,2 80,64
3,77 63,5
(Data’ source: the mean score and standard deviation of the pre-test and post-test)
The data in table 4.5 indicates that there was an improvement while doing pre- test up to post-test. in pre-test had score 54,2 and the post-test score increased become 80,64 The standard deviation of pre-test was 3,77 (SD) while the standard deviation of the post-test was 63,5 (SD).
As the result at this item was the mean score of the post-test was greater than the mean score in pre-test. It meant that the students‟ vocabulary mastery had improvement after doing the learning process that used in class.
4.1.1.4 The rate percentage of the frequency of the pre-test and post-test
The following table shows the percentage of the frequency in pre-test and post-test.
Table 4.6 The Rate Percentage of the Frequency of the Pre-Test and Post-Test No. Classification Score Frequency Percentage
Pre-test Post-test Pre-test Post-test
1. Excellent 86-100 0 10 0 59%
2. Good 71-85 0 7 0 41%
3. Fair 56-70 7 0 41% 0
4. Poor 41-55 10 0 59% 0
5. Very Poor ≤ 40 0 0 0 0
Total 17 17 100% 100%
(Data’ source: the Rate Percentage of the Frequency of the Pre-Test and Post-Test)
The table 4.6 showed the students‟ percentage of pretest was most common in poor score namely ten students and it was the high percentage 59%. then there is no students who are in excellent score. It means that the students‟ vocabulary mastery was still low. Where as the percentage of posttest indicated that there was increasing percentage a great majority of the students in vocabulary mastery because there were ten students had gotten excellent scores with 59%. As can be seen also, the score was good score namely seven students with 41%. There was no student in fair, poor and very poor score. It meant that there was an increasing percentage after doing pretest up to posttest.
4.1.2 The Implementation of Word Wall Media to Improve Students‟ vocabulary mastery in Junior High School 4 Marioriawa Kab.Soppeng.
This part discusses the result of data analysis about the implementation of Word Wall Media to improve students‟ vocabulary mastery at Junior high school 4 Marioriawa Kab.Soppeng.
4.1.2.1 T-Test Value
The following is the table to find out the difference of the mean score between pre-test and post-test.
Table 4.7 the Worksheet of the Calculation of the Score on Pre-Test and Post- Test on the Students‟ vocabulary Mastery
NO
Total score of pre-test Total score of post-test D D²
ᵡ₁ ᵡ₁² ᵡ₂ ᵡ₂² (ᵡ₁˗ᵡ₂) (ᵡ₁˗ᵡ₂)²
1. 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 53 2809 73 5329 20 400
2. 57 3249 87 7569 30 900
3 53 2809 80 6400 27 729
4 53 2809 73 5329 20 400
5 57 3249 87 7569 30 900
6 50 2500 77 5929 27 729
7 53 2809 83 6889 30 900
8 60 3600 87 7569 27 729
9 53 2809 70 4900 17 289
10 60 3600 90 8100 30 900
11 50 2500 87 7569 37 1369
12 50 2500 70 4900 20 400
13 57 3249 77 5929 20 400
14 57 3249 90 8100 33 1089
15 50 2500 70 4900 20 400
16 60 3600 87 7569 27 729
17 50 2500 83 6889 33 1089
TOTA
L 923 50341 1371 111439 448 12352
(Data’ Source: the Worksheet of the Calculation of the Score on Pre-Test and Post-Test on the Students’ Vocabulary mastery using Word Wall Media)
In the other to see the students‟ score, the following is t-test was statistically applied:
To Find out D used formula as follow:
D
N=
=26,35
Where:
D : mean score
∑x : The sum of the all score
N : total number of students‟47 So, the mean score t-test value is 26,35
The calculation the t-test value
47 Punaji Setyosari, Metode Penelitian Pendidikan dan Pengembangan (Jakarta: Kencana
Prenada Media Group, 2010), p. 212.
t D
√ D
2( D)
2N(N 1) N
t
√
2( )
t
√ ( )
t
√ ( )
t
√
t
√2 0
t
t
Where:
t : Test of significant D :The mean score
: The summary total score of difference
D2 : The square of summary total score of difference48
So, the t-test value is 18,68 It was greater than t-table.
Table 4.8 the Test of Significance
Variable T-test T-table value
Pre-test – post-test 18,68 1,746
(Data’ Source: the Test of Significance)
The data above showed that the value of t-test was greater than t-table value.
It indicated that there was a significance difference between the result students‟ pre- test and post-test.
4.1.2.2 Hypothesis Testing
To find out degree of freedom (df) the researcher used the following formula:
Df = N-1
= 17-1
=16
48 Gay L.R. Educational Research: Competencies for Analysis and Application (Columbus:
Charles E Merril Company,1981),p.331.
For the level, significant (p) 0,05 and df = 16, and the value of the table is 1,746, while the value of t-test is 18,68. It means that the t-test value is greater than t- table (18,68 ≥ 1,746). Thus, it can be concluded that the students‟ vocabulary mastery using Word Wall media is significant better after getting the treatment. So, the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected and the alternative hypothesis (H1) is accepted. It has been found that there is improvement the students‟ vocabulary mastery at the seventh grade of SMPN 4 Marioriawa Kab.Soppeng.
4.2 Discussion
4.2.1 The Improvement of Students‟ vocabulary mastery Using Word Wall media.
By looking at the test finding, from the data provided in classification table based on the vocabulary, clearly to see that there were no one students who got excellent, no one students got good score, seven (41%) students got fair score, ten (59%) students got poor score and no one students got very poor score. Whereas in the post-test, ten (59%) students got excellent score, seven (41%) students got good score, no one students good fair score and no one students got poor and very poor score. From the result, the researcher concluded that the students‟ vocabulary mastery from poor up to fair and excellent classification.
In addition, the mean score of pre-test was and the mean score of post-test was. As conclusion, the mean score of post-test (80,64) was greater than pre-test (54,2). Even, for the level significant (p) 5% and df = 16, and the value of table is 1,746 while the value of t-test is 18,68 it means that, the t-test value is greater than t-
table (18,68 ≥ 1,746). Thus, it can be concluded that the students‟ vocabulary mastery is significant better after getting the treatment. So, the null hypothesis (H0) is refused and the alternative hypothesis (H1) is accepted.
In the preface study that the researcher did in Junior High School 4 Marioriawa Kab.Soppeng it was found through the observation that the teachers‟
method in teaching vocabulary was mainly using memorizing method, the students seldom use media such as video, pictures and CD before doing the test, it also confirmed by the students that media used in class is monotonous so that they got bored. As consequences the students lack in vocabulary mastery.
The researcher concluded that one of the main factor which made the students lack in vocabulary mastery caused by the strategy or media used in class is monotonous, the students seldom study using media or game in class since in vocabulary learning so many vocabularies were not familiar to them. So the students can not to conclude the meaning of words from the context.
According Kasim word wall is one of media that used to develop vocabulary of students. A word wall is a words group showed on the wall, bulletin board, white board, check board in the class. Students print the words in a big font for they are easier to see the words that are pointed to continually throughout a part by teacher and student during activities.49 On the other hand, according Salomon is media can be
49 Nur Aeni Kasim. 2013. Increasing the Students‟ Vocabulary Mastery by using word wall
media. Retrieved from: http://www.niu.edu/international/images/Nur%20Kasim1
used in almost any discipline to enhance learning, both in class, and also for out-of- class assignments.50
According Janiel M.Wagstaff believing that word walls should be used in everyday reading and writing, Janiel has developed lessons that will help you and your students use the walls to reinforce all the literacy skills and strategies you teach.51 Word Wall media could be used to improve the students‟ vocabulary mastery in vocabulary learning for the students. By using the Word Wall media, students learned proper the meaning and pronounciation. And then the students felt enjoy and be active in learning process in the class.
After the researcher applied Word Wall media in the class during teaching vocabulary, the researcher found that some of the students seems to be appealing in doing the vocabulary test. It can be proved by the score and description. After calculating and description the data, the researcher found that the result showed Word Wall media can improve students‟ vocabulary mastery. The result was proven by the improvement of students‟ score in vocabulary test.
In the first meeting when did the treatment , the students were very enthusiastic in learning vocabulary through Word Wall media. It was because the teacher never used Word Wall in teaching vocabulary so the students be curious.
50 Carleton college, Teaching and Learning Economics, Blog of Carleton.https:serc.carleton.
edu/econ/media/why.html (7 of May 2018), p.1.
51 Janiel M.Wagstaff, Teaching Reading and Writing with Word Walls, (U.S.A: Scholastic
Inc, 1999),Retrieved from: http://books.goegle.co.id
During the time of teaching vocabulary, the researcher started to explain the applying of Word Wall in teaching vocabulary. The researcher began to guide the students to understand the process of Word Wall in rearranging the word to find out the new vocabulary. The used of Word Wall media made the students easily understood the materials given and it also improved the students confidence and comprehension in teaching vocabulary.
According Carleton the advantages of using media this helps develop quantitative reasoning, media offers both cognitive and affective experiences, the use of media sources help connect learners with events that are culturally relevant.52 Media can be used not only to make teaching interesting but also to make teaching more effective in terms of students‟ improvement. Eventhough, some students‟ score still remained the same but most of students‟ vocabulary in post test were better than their score in the pre test.
Based on the findings above, the researcher concluded that there is an improvement of students‟ vocabulary mastery used Word Wall media at Junior High school 4 Marioriawa Kab.Soppeng.
4.2.2 The Ways of the Implementation Word Wall Media to Improve Students‟
vocabulary mastery.
52Carleton college, Teaching and Learning Economics, Blog of Carleton.https:serc.carleton.
edu/econ/media/why.html (7 of May 2018), p.1.