This research is classroom action research. Suhardjono stated that, ” Action research is a dynamic process in which these four aspects are to be understood or not as static steps, complete in them, but rather as moments in the action research spiral of planning acting, observing the activity and reflecting”.1 Action reasearch involves learning in and through action and reflection, and it is conducted in variety of contexts, including the social and caring sciences, education, organisation, and administration studies, and management. Because action reasearch is always to do with learning, and learning is to do with education and growth.2
It means that, Classroom action research consist four activities that are done in repeated cycle, it can be described as follow:3
1Robin Mc Taggart. Action Research A Short Modern History. Australia: Deakin University. 1991, p.31.
2McNiff, Jean and Jack Whitehead, Action Reasearch: Principles and Practice (Second Edition), London and New York:RoutledgeFalmer. 2002, p. 16.
3 Ibid, p. 41
Figure 2. The cycle of the classroom action research by Jean Mc Kniff with Jack Whitehead
From the explanation above, it can be inferred that Classroom Action Research (CAR) is a research in teaching and learning in the class which the aim is to solve problem or to repair something.
1. The Step of Research
The research will be conducted based on the pre-test and post test.
The researcher takse one class on the eleventh grade where the students are given the pre-test before they are given the material; furthermore, they are also given post test after they are given the treatment.
In this classroom action research, the research will hold the research in two cycles. There is a relationship between one to the other.
If the first cycle fail, and the cycle must be hold again in the second cycle and so on. That can be illustrated as follows:
act plan
observe
reflect act
plan
observe
reflect
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a) Cycle 1 1) Planning
Planning is the first step of this classroom action research that will prepare before I do the action. In this step, the researcher will prepares the material that related to the teaching and learning process. Here were the steps that the writer will make in planning:
a. The researcher will prepare the lesson plan in the teaching learning process.
b. The researcher will prepare the material of the subject.
c. The researcher will make observation sheets and list of students’ name.
d. The researcher will make test to know students’ writing performance.
2) Acting
After finishing the planning, the learning process conducted in the XI accountancySMKN 1 Pekalongan, the researcher will act as follow:
a) Pre Teaching Activities
1. Pray and greet the students.
2. The researcher will check the attendant list.
3. The researcher will ask the students condition.
4. The researcher will inform about the material.
b) While Teaching Activities
1. The reseacher give instruction to the students before pre-test conducted.
2. The reseacher give little example about descriptive text.
3. The reseacher ask to the students to describe about their school as a pre-test.
4. The reseacher check students’ exercise and give explanation order to the students’ understand clearly.
c) Post Teaching Activities
1. The students ask and discuss about difficulties of the lesson.
2. Make conclusion about the lesson together.
3. Give homework in order to the students understand more.
4. The researcher will close the meeting.
5. The researcher will greet to the students.
3) Observing
In this step, the collaborator will observe the process of teaching learning was done. The collaborator observes it by using observation sheet. From observation sheet the researcher knows about some indications, not only good
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indication but the bad one also is written. Such as: students’
good participants, students’ error and the students’ ability to answer the question. The important things in teaching learning process is noted by researcher.
4) Reflecting
Reflection is the last step in this process. The researcher will anlyses and discusses the observation result during teaching process, like the weakness and strength from the action in this step; the researcher will use the data from evaluation to make improvement for the second cycle. The researcher will decide that the next cycle focus on the weakness in preview cycle.
b) Cycle 2 1) Planning
a. The researcher will make lesson plan.
b. The researcher will prepare the material and the teaching media that need in teaching learning process, such us text book, laptop, etc.
c. The researcher will prepare format to observe.
d. The researcher will prepare format to evaluate the students’ activity after teaching learning process.
e. The researcher will guide the student to learn English based on the lesson plan.
2) Acting
The researcher will apply the action plan II, doing the treatment and giving the post-test 2.
3) Observing
In this step, researcher will observe the process of teaching learning by using observation and field notes to collect the data action plan II.
4) Reflecting
In this step, the observer will compare the score of pre- test and post-test. The researcher will reviews and reflect on students’ activity and teacher performance whether it is positive or negative, the second cycle enough or need for the next step.