CHAPTER IV: FINDINGS AND SDISCUSSION
C. Result
Table 4.1
Schedule of the research
No Activity Experimental Class Control Class
1 Instrument Validation test Monday/ March, 20 2023
Monday/ March, 20 2023
2 Pre-test Tuesday/ March, 28
2023
Monday/ March, 27 2023
3 Treatment using Digital storytelling media
Wednesday/ March, 29 2023
Tuesday/ April, 4 2023
Wednesday/ April, 5 2023
Tuesday/ April, 11 2023
Tuesday/ May, 9 2023
4 Treatment using Discussion method
Friday/ March, 31 2023
Monday/ April, 3 2023
Monday/ April, 10 2023
Friday/ April, 14 2023
Friday/ May, 5 2023
5 Post-test Wednesday/ May, 10
2023
Friday/ May, 12 2023
Table 4.2 Result of validity test No Content of
Validity
Indicator Score
Notes
1 2 3 4
1 Content validity
1. The material is related to Syllabus of eleventh grade.
√
2. The material is related to basic competencies (KD) of eleventh grade student.
√
3. The content of the √
material and topic are appropriate with grade and school level.
4. The media is appropriate with the material.
√
5. The material is appropriate with the students’ target skill
√
2 Face validity 1. The components of narrative text retelling a short story are relevant to measure students’
speaking skill.
√
2. The measurement method seem useful for measuring
students’
speaking skill.
√
3. The measure is seemingly
appropriate for capturing the students’
speaking skill.
√
Score =
× 100 = × 100 = 93.7
Based on the table above, the result of test validation by using content validity and face validity had scored 93.75and in very good category.
It could be concluded that the instrument in this research was valid and could be used to measure students’ speaking skill through pre-test and post-test.
Table 4.3
Result of reliability test based on pre-test score Experimental Class Control Class
Reliability Statistics
Cronbach's
Alpha N of Items
.272 2
Reliability Statistics
Cronbach's
Alpha N of Items
.272 2
Reliability test was used to test the accuracy of an instrument. In this research the researcher used inter-rater reliability to test the instrument. The researcher took the score with the English teacher in the same time. If the Cronbach’s Alpha >0.60, the instrument was reliable and Cronbach’s Alpha
<0.60 means the instrument was not reliable. Based on the table above for the pre-test, the Cronbach Alpha was bigger than 0.60 (0.272) in experimental and control class, it indicates that the assessment result was reliable.
Table 4.4
Result of reliability test based on post-test score Experimental Class Control Class
Reliability Statistics
Cronbach's
Alpha N of Items
.776 2
Reliability Statistics
Cronbach's
Alpha N of Items
.829 2
Meanwhile for the post-test, the Cronbach Alpha also bigger than 0.60 (0.776) for Experimental class and (0.829) for control class, which indicates that the assessment result was reliable.
1. Experimental Class
In this research the researcher spent seven meetings to do the research, two meetings for pre-test and post-test and five meetings for the treatment.
a. Pre-test score in experimental class.
The researcher conducted the pre-test for experimental class on Tuesday 28th March 2023 in XI IPA 1 of SMAN 4 Jember; the result of the speaking test can be seen on table below:
Table 4.5
The students’ pre-test score of experimental class
No Name Speaking score
Total score Vocabulary Pronunciation Grammar Fluency
1 E-1 3 3 3 2 68.75
2 E-2 3 3 2 4 75.00
3 E-3 3 4 2 3 75.00
4 E-4 3 3 3 4 81.25
5 E-5 3 4 3 2 75.00
6 E-6 3 2 3 4 75.00
7 E-7 2 3 3 3 68.75
8 E-8 3 3 3 3 75.00
9 E-9 3 4 3 2 75.00
10 E-10 2 4 2 3 68.75
11 E-11 3 2 4 3 75.00
12 E-12 3 3 3 3 75.00
13 E-13 3 3 3 2 68.75
14 E-14 2 4 3 3 75.00
15 E-15 4 2 3 3 75.00
16 E-16 3 3 3 2 68.75
17 E-17 4 3 3 2 75.00
18 E-18 4 3 2 3 75.00
19 E-19 2 4 3 2 68.75
20 E-20 3 3 3 3 75.00
21 E-21 3 3 4 2 75.00
22 E-22 4 2 3 2 68.75
23 E-23 3 2 4 3 75.00
24 E-24 2 3 3 4 75.00
25 E-25 4 3 3 2 75.00
26 E-26 2 4 3 2 68.75
27 E-27 2 4 3 3 75.00
28 E-28 3 3 3 3 75.00
29 E-29 2 3 4 2 68.75
30 E-30 4 3 3 2 75.00
31 E-31 3 2 3 4 75.00
32 E-32 4 2 3 3 75.00
33 E-33 4 3 2 2 68.75
34 E-34 2 3 4 3 75.00
35 E-35 4 3 3 4 87.50
Ʃ 2581.25
Mean 73.75
Total score =
× 100
On the table 4.5, the researcher found the pre-test total score in experimental class was 2581.25and the mean was 73.75. While the highest score was 87.50 and the lowest was 68.50.
b. Post-test score in experimental class
The researcher conducted the post-test for experimental class on Wednesday 10th May 2023 in XI IPA 1 of SMAN 4 Jember; the result of the speaking test can be seen on table below:
Table 4.6
The students’ post-test score of experimental class
No Speaking score
Total Score Name Vocabulary Pronunciation Grammar Fluency
1 E-1 3 3 4 3 81.25
2 E-2 4 4 3 3 87.50
3 E-3 4 3 4 3 87.50
4 E-4 4 4 3 4 93.75
5 E-5 4 3 3 4 87.50
6 E-6 3 3 4 3 81.25
7 E-7 4 4 3 4 93.75
8 E-8 3 3 4 3 81.25
9 E-9 3 2 4 3 75.00
10 E-10 3 3 4 3 81.25
11 E-11 3 3 4 3 81.25
12 E-12 4 4 3 4 93.75
13 E-13 3 4 2 3 75.00
14 E-14 4 3 4 4 93.75
15 E-15 3 4 4 3 87.50
16 E-16 3 3 3 2 68.75
17 E-17 4 3 4 3 87.50
18 E-18 4 3 3 3 81.25
19 E-19 4 4 3 4 93.75
20 E-20 3 3 4 3 81.25
21 E-21 4 3 4 3 87.50
22 E-22 3 4 2 3 75.00
23 E-23 3 3 4 3 81.25
24 E-24 3 4 4 3 87.50
25 E-25 4 4 3 4 93.75
26 E-26 4 4 3 4 93.75
27 E-27 3 3 4 3 81.25
28 E-28 3 4 3 3 81.25
29 E-29 4 2 3 3 75.00
30 E-30 3 4 3 3 81.25
31 E-31 4 3 4 3 87.50
32 E-32 3 4 3 2 75.00
33 E-33 3 3 4 3 81.25
34 E-34 3 4 3 2 75.00
35 E-35 4 4 4 4 100.00
Ʃ 2950.00
Mean 84.29
Total score =
× 100
Based on the table above, the researcher found the post-test total score in experimental class was 2806.25 and the mean was 80.18.
While the highest score was 100 and the lowest was 68.75.
2. Control Class
a. Pre-test score in Control class
The researcher conducted the pre-test for Control class on Friday 27th March 2023 in XI IPA 3 of SMAN 4 Jember; the result of the speaking test can be seen on the table below:
Table 4.7
The students’ pre-test score of control class
No Name Speaking score
Total score Vocabulary Pronunciation Grammar Fluency
1 C-1 4 3 3 2 75.00
2 C-2 2 3 4 3 75.00
3 C-3 4 3 2 2 68.75
4 C-4 4 2 3 3 75.00
5 C-5 3 2 3 4 75.00
6 C-6 4 3 3 2 75.00
7 C-7 2 3 4 2 68.75
8 C-8 3 3 3 3 75.00
9 C-9 2 4 3 3 75.00
10 C-10 2 4 3 2 68.75
11 C-11 4 3 3 4 87.50
12 C-12 2 3 3 4 75.00
13 C-13 3 2 4 3 75.00
14 C-14 4 2 3 2 68.75
15 C-15 3 3 4 2 75.00
16 C-16 3 3 3 3 75.00
17 C-17 2 4 3 2 68.75
18 C-18 4 3 2 3 75.00
19 C-19 4 3 3 2 75.00
20 C-20 3 3 3 2 68.75
21 C-21 4 2 3 3 75.00
22 C-22 2 4 3 3 75.00
23 C-23 3 3 3 2 68.75
24 C-24 3 3 3 3 75.00
25 C-25 3 2 4 3 75.00
26 C-26 2 4 2 3 68.75
27 C-27 3 4 3 2 75.00
28 C-28 3 3 3 3 75.00
29 C-29 2 3 3 3 68.75
30 C-30 3 2 3 4 75.00
31 C-31 3 4 3 2 75.00
32 C-32 2 3 3 3 68.75
33 C-33 3 4 2 3 75.00
34 C-34 3 3 2 4 75.00
35 C-35 3 3 3 2 68.75
Ʃ 2568.75
Mean 73.39
Total score =
× 100
Based on table 4.7, the researcher found the pre-test total score in control class was 2450 and the mean was 70.00. While the highest score was 81.25 and the lowest was 62.5.
b. Post-test score in Control class
The researcher conducted the post-test for control class on Wednesday 12th May 2023 in XI IPA 3 of SMAN 4 Jember; the result of the speaking test can be seen on the table below:
Table 4.8
The students’ post-test score of control class
No Name Speaking score
Total score Vocabulary Pronunciation Grammar Fluency
1 C-1 3 2 3 3 68.75
2 C-2 2 3 3 2 62.50
3 C-3 3 3 4 3 81.25
4 C-4 2 3 3 2 62.50
5 C-5 2 4 3 3 75.00
6 C-6 2 3 3 2 62.50
7 C-7 4 2 3 3 75.00
8 C-8 3 4 3 3 81.25
9 C-9 3 3 4 3 81.25
10 C-10 4 3 2 2 68.75
11 C-11 4 4 4 3 93.75
12 C-12 2 3 3 2 62.50
13 C-13 3 3 4 2 75.00
14 C-14 2 3 3 2 62.50
15 C-15 3 3 3 3 75.00
16 C-16 3 3 2 4 75.00
17 C-17 2 3 3 3 68.75
18 C-18 4 3 3 3 81.25
19 C-19 4 3 4 3 87.50
20 C-20 3 3 3 2 68.75
21 C-21 3 4 4 3 87.50
22 C-22 4 3 4 4 93.75
23 C-23 3 4 2 3 75.00
24 C-24 3 4 4 3 87.50
25 C-25 3 3 4 3 81.25
26 C-26 3 3 4 3 81.25
27 C-27 3 2 4 3 75.00
28 C-28 2 3 3 2 62.50
29 C-29 3 4 3 4 87.50
30 C-30 2 3 3 2 62.50
31 C-31 4 3 3 4 87.50
32 C-32 3 3 4 3 81.25
33 C-33 4 3 4 3 87.50
34 C-34 2 3 3 2 62.50
35 C-35 3 3 3 2 68.75
Ʃ 2650.00
Mean 75.71
Total score =
× 100
On the table 4.8, the researcher found the post-test total score in control class was 2631.25 and the mean was 75.18. While the highest score was 87.5 and the lowest was 62.5.
3. Homogeneity and Normality test
In the preliminary analysis consisted of homogeneity and normality test. It was purposed to know whether the data was distributed normally and homogeneous or not. In this research the researcher used IBM SPSS Static 26 to analyze the homogeneity and normality test.
a. Normality test
Test of normality in this research is used to confirm if both classes had normal distributed data or not. The data was normal if the significance value is bigger than 0.05 (p>0.05) if the data <0.05 the distributed data was not normal.
Table 4.9 Normality test result Tests of Normality
classes
Kolmogorov-Smirnova Shapiro-Wilk
Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig.
Score experiment .204 35 .001 .930 35 .027
control .179 35 .006 .932 35 .031
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
Based on table 4.9, the normality test above used Shapiro-Wilk critical points and the result showed that the significance of experimental class was 0.027 and the control class was 0.031.
Therefore, the distributed data was normal (0.027>0.05 and 0.031>0.05)
b. Homogeneity test
The homogeneity test is used to see if the experimental class and control class are equal and have same variations or not before treatment by using the mean of pre-test score. The value significance (α) = 0.05. The researcher used Paired Sample T-test in SPSS 26 to analyze the homogeneity.
Table 4.10
Group Statistic of Pre-test Result Group Statistics
classes N Mean
Std.
Deviation
Std. Error Mean
test score experimental class
35 73.7500 3.95285 .66815
control class 35 73.3929 3.81767 .64530 Table 4.11
Homogeneity test result Independent Samples Test
Levene's Test for Equality of Varianc
es t-test for Equality of Means
F Sig
. t df
Sig.
(2- taile d)
Mean Differen ce
Std.
Error Differen ce
95%
Confidence Interval of the Difference Lower Upper
test scor e
Equal varianc es assume d
.01 0
.92 0
.38 4
68 .702 .35714 .92889 - 1.4964 4
2.2107 2
Equal varianc es not assume d
.38 4
67.91 8
.702 .35714 .92889 - 1.4964 8
2.2107 6
Based on the result above by using independent sample T-test, it was acknowledged that the significance value of variances score was 0.702 which indicates that the value is higher than 0.05. It can be concluded that both of the variances did not have significant difference and were homogeneous (0.702>0.05).
c. Independent T-test of the Post-test Table 4.12
Group Statistic of Post-test Result Group Statistics
classes N Mean
Std.
Deviation
Std. Error Mean
test score Experimental class
35 84.2857 7.32821 1.23869 control class 35 75.7143 9.91362 1.67571
The researcher analyzed the post-test using independent T-test to discover the condition of the classes after the treatment. However, the result of both classes was increasing. The control class had mean
score improvement from 73.3 to 75.7, while the experimental class had mean score improvement from 73.7 to 84.2
Table 4.13
Independent T-test Result Independent Samples Test
Levene's Test for Equality of Variance
s t-test for Equality of Means
F
Sig
. t df
Sig.
(2- taile d)
Mean Differen ce
Std.
Error Differen ce
95%
Confidence Interval of the Difference Lower Upper test
scor e
Equal varianc es assume d
3.91 7
.05 2
4.11 3
68 .000 8.57143 2.08383 4.413 20
12.729 65
Equal varianc es not assume d
4.11 3
62.61 4
.000 8.57143 2.08383 4.406 72
12.736 14
In the result of post test score in experimental and control class, as presented in the table above shows that the significant value of that (2-tailed) was lower than 0.05 (0.000<0.05) and there was significant between experimental and control class in post-test. Therefore, the alternative hypothesis ( ) is accepted and the null hypothesis ( ) is rejected. In the words, there is significant difference between the
students taught by using Digital Storytelling and Non Digital storytelling.