THE ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS OF PAINTING WASTEWATER TREATMENT
3. Results and Discussions
In this study, we used four types of paint, they were: C/T U/C Silver, Axis Grey, Phantom Silver, and Deep Black Gloss Paint. The testing was conducted to these paints due to different composition of each paint. This difference makes a dominant bacteria population dynamic in the reactor was affected, thus the optimum variation will be differ to each specific paint. Table 2 shows the percentage of contained substances for each paint.
Table 2. Paint Component Composition (PT. X, 2015)
Paint Comp onent GT U/C Silver AxisGrey Phantom Silver Deep Black.Gloss ______ £2£1_______
Acrylic Resin 57 50 50 47
Melamias 20 17.5 17 20
Pigment 9.5 9 15
EnoxvResin - -. - 10
Additive 1 7.5 4 1
Solvent 15 15.5 20 7
3.1 The Determination of Optimum Consortium Composition for C/T U/C Silver Paint
The bacteria used in the optimum composition testing has been taken directly from the cultivation tank in the maintained environmental conditions, thus the each application will obtain the similar results. The treatment process will be optimum and effective if the treatment process is conducted by proper bacteria composition. The performance of the degradation of waste by the bacteria was indicated by the COD/VSSb ratio, which is the organic loading ratio between the reduction in dissolved COD and VSS bacteria. Figure 1 shows the value of the COD/VSSb for C/T U/C Silver paint.
COD/VSSb which was used as a parameter to assess the treatment performance. The value of COD reduction is not sufficient to conclude whether a treatment is effective or not. In a waste treatment, wherein the bacteria is contacted with paint components, beside the decreasing of dissolved COD value, the increasing number of bacteria is also important to prove that the organic components has been utilized by the bacteria to be metabolized.
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Bacteria VSS is the value which expresses the number of bacteria in units of weight per
(a)
S 2Bacteria S 3 Bacteria 3 Single 1 4 Bacteria
(b)
Figure 1.CODA7SSb value of C/T U/C Silverfor each variation (a) Composition Percentage Variation(b) BacteriaSpeciesVariation
The ratio between the value of the dissolved COD and bacteria VSS showed the performance of the treatment process, when the ratio is smaller, the treatment is running worse. In this experiment using C/T U/C Silver paint by varying composition percentage, the highest ratio of the COD/VSSb was obtained for the variation number 34 with the value of 21.65 mg O2/L per mg VSS/L. Meanwhile, in the variation of the species bacteria, the ratio of the COD/VSSb that gave the highest value was variation number 63 with a value of 16.77 mg O2/L per mg VSS/L. The optimum COD/VSSb value on composition percentage variation have a greater results than the optimum COD/VSSb value on variation of bacteria, therefore, it indicated that variation number 34 is more effective than the variation number 63. In the other words, the usage of consortium with five bacteria for paint C/T U/C Silver is more effective than uses only some types of bacteria.
After the optimum composition determination has been conducted, the physico- chemical parameters were retested to determine whether a physico-chemical values at the beginning of the application were not changed significantly and the environmental conditions still can be tolerated by the bacteria. The pH value was around 7.4-7.8 while DO was still around 6 mg/L. The same conditions also occured for temperature and conductivity which was around 25°C and ±200 pS, respectively. It is showed that the range of physico-chemical values were still in the proper condition with the required conditions for most bacteria.
Bacteria in general can live at pH 6-8 and temperature of 5-45°C (McKinney, 1962).
Besides, C/T U/C Silver paint has the content of common paints in general, the pigment, binder (usually a resin or melamine or both), solvents, and additives. The paint component
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has a carbon bond that can be utilized bacteria as an energy source, such as a binder and pigments and solvents (Mukred et al., 2008). Moreover, on the optimum composition of the consortium determination we could obtain that waste treatment using a consortium of five bacteria were more effective than other bacterial species variation. This means that each of the five components of the bacteria has a target of each paint component according to its enzymes.
3.2 The Determination of Optimum Consortium Composition for Axis Grey Paint The performance of the degradation for the determination of optimum consortium composition on Axis Grey paint is also expressed in the value of the COD/VSSb. Figure 2 shows this ratio for Axis Grey paint.
The highest COD/VSSb ratio for Axis Grey paint was obtained by varying the percentage of the composition with the variation number 12 that gave a value of 23.03 mg O2/L per mg VSS/L. Meanwhile, the highest COD/VSSb ratio of bacteria species variations was performed on the variation number 62 with a value of 20.24 mg O2/L per mg VSS/L. The optimum COD/VSSb value on composition percentage variation have a greater results than the COD/VSSb value on variation of bacteria. It shows that the variation of the number 12 was more effective than the variation of the number 62. In the other words, the usage of consortium with five bacteria for Axis Grey paint was more effective than uses only some types of bacteria. The presence of dissolved COD reduction also showed that bacterial consortium can consume contained organic in Axis Grey paint. For Axis Grey paint application, the pH value during reaction was around 7.3-7.9 while DO was still around 6 mg/L. The stable conditions also occured for temperature and conductivity which was around 25°C and ±250 pS, respectively.
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(a)
(b)
Figure 2. COD/VSSb value of Axis Grey paint for each variation (a) Composition Percentage Variation (b)Bacteria Species Variation
3.3 The Determination of Optimum Consortium Composition for Phantom Silver 1 Hint
Phantom Silver paint has a similar composition to C/T U/C Silver paint, both of them have the same shiny color. The differences are only in the amount of each paint component This
•1 8enerate the °Ptimum Nation that would be the same or just similar to that
!n The Perforaiance of degradation for this paint is also expressed in terms of COD/VSSb. Figure 3 shows the organic value for Phantom Silver paint.
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1. 2 34 5 S 7 S 9 1« 11 12 13 14 15 IS 17 1! 19 2021 22 23 24 25 2« 37 28 30 30 31 31 33 34 35 3 4 37 38 39 +0 41
...-... ..I...-...
II I.,.8..■.
I a.*...l l.ll. I
Variation Number (a)
(b)
Figure 3. COD/VSSb value of Phantom Silver paint for each variation (a) Composition Percentage Variation (b) Bacteria Species Variation It could be seen that the ratio of the COD/VSSb with percentage variation compositions giving the highest value of 16.82 mg O2/L per mg VSS/L in the variation number 35.
On the other hand, the ratio of the COD/VSSb with variations in the type of bacteria has the highest value of 13.35 mg O2/L per mg VSS/L in the variation number 64. The results showed that the variation of the number 35 was more effective than the variation of the number 64. In other words, as the two previous paints, the use of a consortium with five bacteria was more effective for Phantom Silver paint compared to just only using some bacteria. In addition, a decrease in dissolved COD value indicated that the bacteria can utilize organic contained in Phantom Silver.
During the experiment, the pH value was around 7.6-7.7 while DO was about 6-7 mg/L.
The same conditions also occur for temperature and conductivity which was about 25°C and ±230 pS, respectively. Physico-chemical values after the experiment showed a values range that still could be tolerated by the bacteria. From these results, it was found that a consortium of five bacteria was more effective than other bacterial species variation.
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3.4 The Determination of Optimum Consortium Composition for Deep Black Gloss Paint
Deep Black Gloss paint has a unique composition and different from the three previous paint. The performance of degradation for this paint is also expressed in terms of COD/VSSb. Figure 4 shows the COD/VSSb value for Deep Black Gloss paint.
Variation. Number (a)
2 Bacteria 3 Bacteria Single 4 Species
(b)
Figure 4. COD/VSSb value of Deep Black Gloss paint for each variation (a) Composition Percentage Variation (b) Bacteria
Species Variation
From Figure 4, it can be seen that the ratio of the COD/VSSb of the composition percentage variation gave the highest value of 24.04 mg O2/L per mg VSS/L for the variation number 20. Meanwhile, the ratio of the COD/VSSb of the variation in the type of bacteria has the highest value of 20.97 mg O2/L per mg VSS/L on the variation number 60. The result showed that the variation of the number 20 was more effective than the variation of the number 60. In other words, same as the previous paints, the use of a consortium with five bacteria was more effective for Deep Black Gloss paint compared to just using only some kind of bacteria. The presence of a decreasing in dissolved OD value indicates that the bacteria can utilize organic wastes contained in Deep Black Gloss paint. Meanwhile, the pH value during experiment was around 7.3- 7.6 while the DO was about 6 mg/L. The temperature and conductivity were around 25,5°C and ±200 pS, respectively. The results shows that the waste treatment of Deep Black Gloss paint using a consortium consisting of five bacteria were more effective than other bacterial species variation. Thus, the optimum composition of the consortium in the four paint in general has the same result of the selected optimum variation, which gave
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the best results by using the variation of percentage composition. That means the use of a consortium of five bacteria was more effective for those paints.
The difference was exist in the percentage composition of the paint despite of the paint has the same components, because of the difference in the percentage component of the paint. For the example, in Axis Grey paints and C/T U/C Silver paint has a differences between the percentage of the additives used and the use of resin as the material components of the paint. Moreover, unlike the three other paints, Deep Black Gloss paint uses a binder that contained a mixture of acrylic resin and epoxy resin. The percentage difference between additive and resin created the different amount and types of active bacteria. Besides, the dominant contained substance for each paint was acrylic resin. However, there was one paint which has an unique components because it contained epoxy resin, that was Deep Black Gloss paint.