Saran

BAB VI PENUTUP

6.2. Saran

Untuk meningkatkan performa Reaction Furnace (93 F 402) pada Unit Sulfur Recovery (Unit 93) maka perlu dilakukan usaha berikut:

1. Mengadakan analyzer komposisi acid gas feed untuk mempermudah optimasi Reaction Furnace 93 F 402

2. Ketika kondisi operasi I diharapkan dapat melakukan pengoperasian Reaction Furnace dengan rasio 1.39:1 dengan memperhatikan temperatur 93F402 yang optimal 1305.82℃.

3. Ketika kondisi operasi II diharapkan dapat melakukan pengoperasian reaction Furnace dengan rasio 1.28:1 dengan memperhatikan temperatur 93F402 yang optimal 1318.46℃. Untuk mendapatkan Yield lebih optimal diharapkan kondisi operasional di unit 93 bisa seperti kondisi operasi II.

68

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Almu, M. A., Syahrul, & Padang, Y. A. (2014). Analisa NIlai Kalor dan Laju Pembakaran Pada Briket Campuran Biji Nyamplung (Calophylim Inophyllum) dan Abu Sekam Padi. Dinamika Teknik Mesin, 118.

Geankoplis, C. J. (1993). Transport Processes and Unit Operations. New Jersey:

Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Herlianty, S., & Dewi, K. (2013). Potensi Gangguan Bau Gas Hidrogen Sulfida di Lingkungan Kerja PT Pertamina (Persero) RU IV CIlacap. Jurnal Teknik Lingkungan, 197.

Hidayat, S. (2012). Perancangan dan Estimasi Biaya Sulfur Recovery Unit Metode Superclaus. Skripsi, 18 - 100.

Kilian, R., & Wenk, G. (2005). LPG & Sulphur Recovery Training Unit 90 - 95.

Dalam Siemens. 224 - 300.

Manual Book SRU. (2001). Process Description Sulfur Recovery Unit. Cilacap:

Pertamina Direktorat Pengolahan.

Monnery, W. D., Svrcek, W. Y., & Behie, L. A. (1993). Modelling the Modified Clau Process Reaction Furnace and the Implications of Plant Design and Recovery. The Canadian journal of Chemical Engineering, 711-719.

Perry, R. H., & Green, D. W. (2007). Chemical Engineer's handbook. United States of America: R. R. Donnelley & Sons Company.

Smith, J. M., Van Ness, H. C., & Abbott, M. M. (2001). Introduction to Chemical Engineerung Thermodynamics . New York: McGraw-Hill.

Syarief, A., Setiambodo, Y. B., Ramadhan, M. N., & Sabitah, A. (2020). Analisis Kebutuhan Udara Pembakaran Untuk Mengoptimalkan Proses Pembakaran Boiler PT. PLN (Persero) Sektor Pembangkitan Asam Asam Unit 3 & Unit 4. Info Teknik, 91-101.

Yaws, C. L. (1999). Chemical Properties Handbook. Texas: McGraw-Hill.

Zarei, S., Ganji, H., Sadi, M., & Rashidzadeh, M. (2016). Kinetic Modeling and Optimization of Claus Reaction Furnace. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 2-5.

69

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

Lampiran 1. Process Flow Diagram Sulfur Recovery Unit Thermal Stage

70

Lampiran 2. Reaction Furnace 93 F 402

71

Formula Heat Capacity

Formula Keterangan

〈𝐶𝑝〉_𝐻

𝑅 = 𝐴 + 𝐵

2 (𝑇 + 𝑇𝑜) +𝐶

3 (𝑇²+ 𝑇𝑜²+ 𝑇𝑇𝑜) + 𝐷 𝑇. 𝑇𝑜

(Smith, Van Ness, & Abbott, 2001)

Formula Heat Capacity untuk semua komposisi kecuali COS, S2

Unit: J/mol.K

8.58 + 0.00030 𝑇

(Perry & Green, 2007)

Formula Heat Capacity untuk komposisi COS Unit: cal/mol.K

𝐶𝑝 = 𝐴 + 𝐵𝑇 + 𝐶𝑇²+ 𝐷𝑇³+ 𝐸𝑇⁴

(Yaws, 1999)

Formula Heat Capacity untuk komposisi S2

Unit: J/mol.K

Lampiran 3. Formula Heat Capacity

Component Standard Heat of Formation (J/mol)

Hydrogen 0

Oxygen 0

Carbon Dioxide -393509

Hydrogen Sulfide -20630

Carbonyl Sulfide -138410

Carbon Disulfide -128020

Water -241818

Sulfur Vapor, S2 0

Sulfur Dioxide -296830

(Perry & Green, 2007)

Lampiran 4. Standard Heat of Formation Komponen yang Bereaksi

72

No Component BM Heat Capacity at Constant Pressure (kJ/kmol.K)

A B C D E

1 Hydrogen 2.02 3.249 0.000422 0 8300 0

2 Nitrogen 28.01 3.28 0.000593 0 4000 0

3 Oxygen 32.00 3.639 0.000506 0 -22700 0

4 Carbon

Monoxide

28.01

3.376 0.000557 0 -3100 0

5 Carbon Dioxide 44.01 5.457 0.001045 0 -115700 0 6 Hydrogen Sulfide 34.08 3.931 0.00149 0 -23200 0 7 Sulfur Dioxide 64.06 5.699 0.000801 0 -101500 0 8 Carbonyl Sulfide 60.08 20.913 9.93E-02 -9.70E-05 5.09E-08 -1.06E-11 9 Carbon Disulfide 76.14 6.311 0.000805 0 -90600 0

10 Water 18.02 3.47 0.00145 0 12100 0

11 Ucarsol HS-103 127.00 NO NEED

12 Methane 16.04 1.702 0.009081 -2.164E-06 0 0

13 Ethylene 28.05 NO NEED

14 Ethane 30.07 1.131 0.019225 -5.561E-06 0 0

15 Propylene 42.08 1.637 0.022706 -6.915E-06 0 0

16 Propane 44.10 1.213 0.028785 -8.824E-06 0 0

17 Butylene 56.11

NO NEED 18 i-Butane 58.12

19 n-Butane 58.12 1.935 0.036915 -1.1402E-05 0 0

20 i-Pentane 72.15 NO NEED

21 n-Pentane 72.15 2.464 0.045351 -1.4111E-05 0 0

22 n-Hexane 86.18 NO NEED

23 Sulfur Vapor, S2 64.13 equation below

24 Sulfur Vapor, S4 128.26

NO NEED 25 Sulfur Vapor, S6 192.38

26 Sulfur Vapor, S8 256.51 27 Sulfur Liquid, S1 32.06

Lampiran 5. Konstanta Heat Capacity at Constant Pressure Tiap komposisi Acid Gas Feed

73

Heat Capacity (kJ/kmol.K)

9301 9302 9317 9303

Acid gas feed

Combustion air Air to Degassing

Reaction Furnace Effluent Temperatur 322.15 389.15 411.15 Tgoalseek (1264 C)

Component

Hydrogen 28.820 28.814 28.821 30.384

Nitrogen 29.147 29.252 29.291 31.869

Oxygen 29.596 30.075 30.209 33.705

Carbon Monoxide 29.238 29.439 29.502 32.263

Carbon Dioxide 38.051 40.067 40.606 51.247

Hydrogen Sulfide 34.518 35.279 35.504 43.632

Sulfur Dioxide 40.663 42.399 42.862 51.655

Carbonyl Sulfide 44.421 47.620 48.575 70.079

Carbon Disulfide 46.706 48.280 48.701 56.971

Water 33.638 33.861 33.948 40.134

Ucarsol HS-103 NO NEED

Methane 35.837 37.961 38.646 65.986

Ethylene

Ethane 54.5299 58.8424 60.2282 111.2386

Propylene 66.6302 71.6584 73.2719 131.0850

Propane 77.2534 83.6170 85.6587 158.5455

Butylene NO NEED

i-Butane

n-Butane 102.1586 110.3035 112.9161 205.7877

i-Pentane NO NEED

n-Pentane 126.1435 136.1303 139.3329 252.7033

n-Hexane NO NEED

Sulfur Vapor, S2 41.9950 42.0922 42.1242 43.7593

Sulfur Vapor, S4

NO NEED Sulfur Vapor, S6

Sulfur Vapor, S8

Sulfur Liquid, S1

Lampiran 6. Heat Capacity at Constant Pressure Tiap komposisi Acid Gas Feed

74

Component Standard Net Enthalpy of Combustion (J/mol)

Hydrogen -241820

Nitrogen

NO NEED Oxygen

Carbon Monoxide

Carbon Dioxide 0

Hydrogen Sulfide -5.18E+05

Sulfur Dioxide

NO NEED Carbonyl Sulfide

Carbon Disulfide

Water 0

Ucarsol HS-103 NO NEED

Methane -8.03E+05

Ethylene NO NEED

Ethane -1.43E+06

Propylene -1.93E+06

Propane -2.04E+06

Butylene NO NEED

i-Butane

n-Butane -2.66E+06

i-Pentane NO NEED

n-Pentane -3.24E+06

n-Hexane

NO NEED Sulfur Vapor, S2

Sulfur Vapor, S4

Sulfur Vapor, S6

Sulfur Vapor, S8

Sulfur Liquid, S1

(Perry & Green, 2007)

Lampiran 7. Standard Net Enthalpy of Combustion Acid Gas Feed

75

SENSIBLE HEAT (kJ) COMBUSTION / REACTION HEAT (kJ)

9301 9302 9317 9303A Reaction

Acid gas

feed Combustion

air Air to

Degassing Combustible Feed (kecuali

H2S) R-1 R-2 R-6

Temperatur (K) 322.15 389.15 411.15 Component BM

Hydrogen 2.02 34.58 0.00 0.00 -10208.56

-13802618.49 -733375.66 -15673.36 Nitrogen 28.01 0.00 443937.57 13206.60 0.00

Oxygen 32.00 0.00 120969.42 3618.40 0.00

Carbon

Monoxide 28.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Carbon Dioxide 44.01 3031.93 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hydrogen Sulfide 34.08 78792.62 0.00 80.24 0.00

Sulfur Dioxide 64.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Carbonyl Sulfide 60.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Carbon Disulfide 76.14 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Water 18.02 5481.62 38178.34 1150.82 0.00

Ucarsol HS-103 127.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Methane 16.04 17.20 0.00 0.00 -14417.15

Ethylene 28.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Ethane 30.07 26.17 0.00 0.00 -25815.30

Propylene 42.08 47.97 0.00 0.00 -52913.20

Propane 44.10 74.16 0.00 0.00 -73866.29

Butylene 56.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

i-Butane 58.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

n-Butane 58.12 122.59 0.00 0.00 -120116.50

i-Pentane 72.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

n-Pentane 72.15 30.27 0.00 0.00 -29318.17

n-Hexane 86.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Sulfur Vapor, S2 64.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Sulfur Vapor, S4 128.26 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Sulfur Vapor, S6 192.38 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Sulfur Vapor, S8 256.51 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Sulfur Liquid, S1 32.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Total 87659.13 603085.33 18056.07 326655.16 14551667.51

Lampiran 8. Sensible Heat dan Combustion/Reaction Heat yang Masuk pada Desain (Material Balance)

76

Component BM

SENSIBLE HEAT (kJ) REACTION HEAT (kJ)

9303 Reaction

Reaction Furnace Effluent R-5 R-7

Hydrogen 2.02 34.58

29911.65 422770.51

Nitrogen 28.01 0.00

Oxygen 32.00 0.00

Carbon Monoxide 28.01 0.00

Carbon Dioxide 44.01 3031.93

Hydrogen Sulfide 34.08 78792.62

Sulfur Dioxide 64.06 0.00

Carbonyl Sulfide 60.08 0.00

Carbon Disulfide 76.14 0.00

Water 18.02 5481.62

Ucarsol HS-103 127.00 0.00

Methane 16.04 17.20

Ethylene 28.05 0.00

Ethane 30.07 26.17

Propylene 42.08 47.97

Propane 44.10 74.16

Butylene 56.11 0.00

i-Butane 58.12 0.00

n-Butane 58.12 122.59

i-Pentane 72.15 0.00

n-Pentane 72.15 30.27

n-Hexane 86.18 0.00

Sulfur Vapor, S2 64.13 0.00

Sulfur Vapor, S4 128.26 0.00

Sulfur Vapor, S6 192.38 0.00

Sulfur Vapor, S8 256.51 0.00

Sulfur Liquid, S1 32.06 0.00

Total 15134441.04 452682.16

Lampiran 9. Sensible Heat dan Combustion/Reaction Heat yang Keluar pada Desain (Material Balance)

77

SENSIBLE HEAT (kJ) COMBUSTION / REACTION HEAT (kJ)

9301 9302 9317 9303A Reaction

Acid gas

feed Combustion

air Air to

Degassing Combustible Feed (kecuali

H2S) R-1 R-2 R-6

Temperatur 322.15 389.15 411.15

Component BM

Hydrogen 2.02 86.09 0.00 0.00 -25252.87

-10640182.69 -512666.10 -11974.10

Nitrogen 28.01 0.00 344323.65 0.00 0.00

Oxygen 32.00 0.00 93825.43 0.00 0.00

Carbon Monoxide 28.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Carbon Dioxide 44.01 7546.93 0.00 0.00 542431.06 Hydrogen Sulfide 34.08 49618.45 0.00 0.00 0.00

Sulfur Dioxide 64.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Carbonyl Sulfide 60.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Carbon Disulfide 76.14 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Water 18.02 13644.59 29611.61 0.00 868815.86

Ucarsol HS-103 127.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Methane 16.04 42.82 0.00 0.00 -35749.42

Ethylene 28.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Ethane 30.07 65.15 0.00 0.00 -64027.17

Propylene 42.08 119.41 0.00 0.00 -131300.64

Propane 44.10 184.60 0.00 0.00 -183205.86

Butylene 56.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

i-Butane 58.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

n-Butane 58.12 305.15 0.00 0.00 -297919.70

i-Pentane 72.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

n-Pentane 72.15 75.36 0.00 0.00 -72714.96

n-Hexane 86.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Sulfur Vapor, S2 64.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Sulfur Vapor, S4 128.26 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Sulfur Vapor, S6 192.38 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Sulfur Vapor, S8 256.51 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Sulfur Liquid, S1 32.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Total 71688.55 467760.69 0.00 601076.30 11164822.89

Lampiran 10. Sensible Heat dan Combustion/Reaction Heat yang Masuk pada Kondisi Aktual I

78

Component BM

SENSIBLE HEAT (kJ) REACTION HEAT (kJ)

9303 Reaction

Reaction Furnace

Effluent R-5 R-7

Hydrogen 2.02 171762.51 23598.92 328183.32

Nitrogen 28.01 5261707.99

Oxygen 32.00 0.00

Carbon Monoxide 28.01 17248.38 Carbon Dioxide 44.01 151698.51 Hydrogen Sulfide 34.08 865664.66 Sulfur Dioxide 64.06 519062.45 Carbonyl Sulfide 60.08 16651.10 Carbon Disulfide 76.14 5640.28

Water 18.02 3547843.40

Ucarsol HS-103 127.00 0.00

Methane 16.04 0.00

Ethylene 28.05 0.00

Ethane 30.07 0.00

Propylene 42.08 0.00

Propane 44.10 0.00

Butylene 56.11 0.00

i-Butane 58.12 0.00

n-Butane 58.12 0.00

i-Pentane 72.15 0.00

n-Pentane 72.15 0.00

n-Hexane 86.18 0.00

Sulfur Vapor, S2 64.13 1396286.91

Sulfur Vapor, S4 128.26 0.00

Sulfur Vapor, S6 192.38 0.00

Sulfur Vapor, S8 256.51 0.00

Sulfur Liquid, S1 32.06 0.00

Total 11953566.20 351782.24

Lampiran 11. Sensible Heat dan Reaction Heat yang Keluar pada Kondisi Aktual I

79

SENSIBLE HEAT (kJ) COMBUSTION / REACTION HEAT (kJ)

9301 9302 9317 9303A Reaction

Acid gas feed

Combustion air

Air to Degassing

Combustible Feed (kecuali

H2S)

R-1 R-2 R-6

Temperatur 322.15 389.15 411.15

Component BM

Hydrogen 2.02 126.32 0.00 ^0.00 -36997.71 -13427314.51 -630100.91 -15076.46

Nitrogen 28.01 0.00 443937.57 ^0.00 0.00

Oxygen 32.00 0.00 120969.42 ^0.00 0.00

Carbon Monoxide 28.01 0.00 0.00 ^0.00 0.00

Carbon Dioxide 44.01 11074.37 0.00 ^0.00 802497.52 Hydrogen Sulfide 34.08 56092.46 0.00 ^0.00 0.00

Sulfur Dioxide 64.06 0.00 0.00 ^0.00 0.00

Carbonyl Sulfide 60.08 0.00 0.00 ^0.00 0.00

Carbon Disulfide 76.14 0.00 0.00 ^0.00 0.00

Water 18.02 20022.07 38178.34 ^0.00 1285366.24

Ucarsol HS-103 127.00 0.00 0.00 ^0.00 0.00

Methane 16.04 62.83 0.00 ^0.00 -52408.00

Ethylene 28.05 0.00 0.00 ^0.00 0.00

Ethane 30.07 95.60 0.00 ^0.00 -93868.00

Propylene 42.08 175.23 0.00 ^0.00 -192519.48

Propane 44.10 270.89 0.00 ^0.00 -268592.66

Butylene 56.11 0.00 0.00 ^0.00 0.00

i-Butane 58.12 0.00 0.00 ^0.00 0.00

n-Butane 58.12 447.77 0.00 ^0.00 -436772.10

i-Pentane 72.15 0.00 0.00 ^0.00 0.00

n-Pentane 72.15 110.58 0.00 ^0.00 -106604.85

n-Hexane 86.18 0.00 0.00 ^0.00 0.00

Sulfur Vapor, S2 64.13 0.00 0.00 ^0.00 0.00

Sulfur Vapor, S4 128.26 0.00 0.00 ^0.00 0.00

Sulfur Vapor, S6 192.38 0.00 0.00 ^0.00 0.00

Sulfur Vapor, S8 256.51 0.00 0.00 ^0.00 0.00

Sulfur Liquid, S1 32.06 0.00 0.00 ^0.00 0.00

Total 88478.13 603085.33 0.00 900100.95 14072491.88

Lampiran 12. Sensible Heat dan Combustion/Reaction Heat yang Masuk pada Kondisi Aktual II

80

Component BM

SENSIBLE HEAT (kJ) REACTION HEAT (kJ)

9303 Reaction

Reaction Furnace Effluent R-5 R-7

Hydrogen 2.02 218687.42 29953.67 414964.72

Nitrogen 28.01 6699187.87

Oxygen 32.00 0.00

Carbon Monoxide 28.01 21960.58 Carbon Dioxide 44.01 193142.00 Hydrogen Sulfide 34.08 1102161.16

Sulfur Dioxide 64.06 660868.46 Carbonyl Sulfide 60.08 21200.12 Carbon Disulfide 76.14 7181.19

Water 18.02 4517101.57

Ucarsol HS-103 127.00 0.00

Methane 16.04 0.00

Ethylene 28.05 0.00

Ethane 30.07 0.00

Propylene 42.08 0.00

Propane 44.10 0.00

Butylene 56.11 0.00

i-Butane 58.12 0.00

n-Butane 58.12 0.00

i-Pentane 72.15 0.00

n-Pentane 72.15 0.00

n-Hexane 86.18 0.00

Sulfur Vapor, S2 64.13 1777747.52

Sulfur Vapor, S4 128.26 0.00

Sulfur Vapor, S6 192.38 0.00

Sulfur Vapor, S8 256.51 0.00

Sulfur Liquid, S1 32.06 0.00

Total 15219237.89 444918.39

Lampiran 13. Sensible Heat dan Reaction Heat yang Keluar pada Kondisi Aktual II

81

Fraksi Massa

9301 9302 9317 9303

Temperatur (K) 322.15 389.15 411.15 1537.24

Component BM

Hydrogen 2.02 0.000029 0.000000 0.000000 0.001156

Nitrogen 28.01 0.000000 0.740419 0.736389 0.479332

Oxygen 32.00 0.000000 0.224191 0.223500 0.000000

Carbon Monoxide 28.01 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.001516

Carbon Dioxide 44.01 0.041539 0.000000 0.000000 0.013187

Hydrogen Sulfide 34.08 0.921494 0.000000 0.004491 0.068512

Sulfur Dioxide 64.06 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.065161

Carbonyl Sulfide 60.08 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.001445 Carbon Disulfide 76.14 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000763

Water 18.02 0.034785 0.035389 0.035620 0.161790

Ucarsol HS-103 127.0 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

Methane 16.04 0.000091 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

Ethylene 28.05 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

Ethane 30.07 0.000171 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

Propylene 42.08 0.000359 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

Propane 44.10 0.000501 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

Butylene 56.11 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

i-Butane 58.12 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

n-Butane 58.12 0.000826 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

i-Pentane 72.15 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

n-Pentane 72.15 0.000205 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

n-Hexane 86.18 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

Sulfur Vapor, S2 64.13 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.207137 Sulfur Vapor, S4 128.26 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 Sulfur Vapor, S6 192.38 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 Sulfur Vapor, S8 256.51 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 Sulfur Liquid, S1 32.06 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

SUM 1 1 1 1

Lampiran 14. Fraksi Massa Komponen Acid Gas Feed