PMID: 15205295
S- F-T Adj: -
1. Strength 3. Flexibility
PMID, Country
Comparison (Appropriate?) Delivery
5.1 Transfers 5.8 Gait training 5.15 Stair training 6. Patient education 6.1 Activities of daily living 7. Adjunctive modality 7.1 Cold
Vuorenmaa, 2014, 24241606, Finland
Monitored home exercise program vs.
normal care
Home exercise 1. Strength
1.9 Heel raises – bilateral (calf raises) 1.10 Heel raises – unilateral
1.31 Knee extension in sitting or supine (long arc quad)
1.32 Knee extension in sitting or supine (short arc quad)
1.36 Knee flexion in sitting or supine 1.48 Sit-to-stand
1.49 Squats
1.55 Step up – forward 1.61 Wall slides
PMID, Country
Comparison (Appropriate?) Delivery
No data Rehabilitation 1. Strength
3. Flexibility
3.10 Knee extension AROM 3.11 Knee extension PROM in supine 3.12 Knee extension PROM in prone 3.13 Knee flexion AROM
3.14 Knee flexion PROM in sitting or supine 3.15 Knee flexion AROM in any position (rectus femoris stretch)
3.16 Knee flexion PROM in prone (rectus femoris stretch)
4. Balance-Motor Learning-Agility 5. Task specific training
5.8 Gait training
N (NA) Physical
therapist
In-person Acute inpatient
Abbreviations: AAROM = assisted active range of motion, ADL = activities of daily living, AROM = active range of motion, NA = not applicable, NMES = neuromuscular electrical stimulation, NR = not reported, PROM = passive range of motion, ROM = range of motion, TENS = transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, TKA = total knee arthroplasty.
A Non-randomized study
Study, Year, PMID
Random Allocation Blinding, Participants
Blinding, Providers
Blinding, Outcome, Obj / Subj
Dropout Reporting Bias
Other Population Intervention Outcomes Overall RoB Andersen, 2018,
No PMID Unsure Unsure High High Low Unsure Low Low No No No High
Artz, 2017,
27068368 Low Low High High Unsure High Low Low No No No High
Avramidis, 2011,
21410130 Low Low High High Low Low Unsure Low No No No Moderate
Bade, 2017,
27813347 Low Low Low High Low Low Unsure Low No No No Moderate
Bily, 2016,
26763947 Unsure Low High High High Low Low Low No No No High
Bruun-Olsen,
2013, 23614370 Low Low High Low Low Low Low Low No No No Moderate
Buhagiar, 2017,
28291891 Low Low High High Low Low Low Low No No No Moderate
Cai, 2018,
29239772 Low Low High Low Low Low Low Low No No No Moderate
DeJong, 2020,
32360105 Low Unsure High High Unsure Low Low Low No No No High
Demircioglu,
2015, 26355656 High Unsure Unsure Unsure Unsure Low Low Low No No No High
den, 2012,
22643801 Low Low High High Unsure Low Low Low No No No Moderate
Eymir, 2020,
32778907 Low High High High Unsure Low Low Low No No No High
Fransen, 2017,
27868384 Low Low High Low High Low Low Low No No No Moderate
Hamilton, 2020,
33051212 Low Low High High High Low Low Low No No No Moderate
Harmer, 2009,
19177536 Low Low High High Low Low Low Low No No No Moderate
Heikkilä, 2017,
28119232 Low Unsure High High High Low Unsure Low No No Unsure High
Iwakiri, 2020,
32373475 Low Unsure High High Low Low Low Low No No No High
Jin, 2018, CN-
01617489 Low Unsure High High Unsure Low Low Low No No No High
Kauppila, 2010,
20354057 Low Low High High High Low Low Unsure No No No Moderate
Lenguerrand,
2020, 31033232 Low Low High High High Low Low Low No No No Moderate
Lenssen, 2006,
16942627 Low Low High Unsure Low Low Low Low No No No Moderate
Li, 2014,
23412304 Unsure Unsure High High Unsure Low Low Low No No No High
PMID Participants Providers Obj / Subj Bias RoB Li, 2015, CN-
01084888 Unsure Unsure High High Unsure Low Low Low No No No High
Li, 2019,
31003647 Low Low High High Unsure Low Low Low No No No Moderate
Li, 2017, No
PMID Low Low High High Low Low Low Low No No No Moderate
Liao, 2015,
25552523 Low Unsure High High Unsure Low Low Low No No No High
Liao, 2020,
31687984 Low Low High High Low Low Low Low No No No Moderate
Liebs, 2010,
20360503 Low Low High High High Low Low Low No No No Moderate
Liebs, 2012,
22196125 Low Low High High High Low Low Low No No No Moderate
Madsen, 2013,
23651717 Unsure Low High High Unsure Low Low Low No No No High
Minns Lowe,
2012, 22180446 Low Low High High Low Low Low High No No No High
Mitchell, 2005,
15869558 Low High High High Unsure Low Low Low No No No High
Moffet, 2015,
26178888 Low Low High High High Low Low Low No No No Moderate
Monticone,
2013, 23063624 Low Low High High Low Low Low Low No No No Moderate
Moutzouri, 2018,
29473481 Low Low High High Unsure Low Low Low No No No Moderate
Petersen, 2018,
29294078 Low Low Unsure Low Low Low Low Low No No No Moderate
Petterson, 2009,
19177542 Unsure Unsure High High Low High Low Low No No No High
Piqueras, 2013,
23474735 Low Low High High Low Low Low Low No No No Moderate
Piva, 2017,
28217891 Low Low Low High Low Low Low Low No No No Moderate
Piva, 2019,
30794296 Low Low High Low Low Low Low Low No No No Moderate
Rockstroh, 2010,
20533147 Low Unsure High Unsure High Low Unsure Low No No No High
Sattler, 2019,
30994586 Low Low High High High Low Low Low No No No Moderate
Schache, 2019,
31208916 Low Low High Low Low Low Low Low No No No Moderate
Shanb, 2014, No
PMID High High High Low High Low Low Low Yes Yes Yes High
Stevens-Lapsley,
2012, 22095207 Low Low High High High Low Low Low No No No Moderate
Tousignant, Low Low High High Unsure Low High Low Unsure No No Moderate
PMID Participants Providers Obj / Subj Bias RoB 2011, 21398389
Tsukada, 2020,
31723080 Low Low High High Unsure Low Low Low No No No Moderate
Vuorenmaa,
2014, 24241606 Low Low High High Low Low Low Low No No No Moderate
Zapparoli, 2020,
32488010 Low Unsure High High Low Low Low Low No No No High
PMID = Obj = objective, PubMed Identifier, Subj = subjective.
From the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool (each item rated as Low, High, Unsure, or N/A). Ratings are color coded for emphasis only.
Random: Random sequence generation (selection bias): Selection bias (biased allocation to interventions) due to inadequate generation of a randomized sequence;
Allocation: Allocation concealment (selection bias): Selection bias (biased allocation to interventions) due to inadequate concealment of allocations prior to assignment;
Blinding of participants (performance bias): Performance bias due to knowledge of the allocated interventions by participants during the study;
Blinding of personnel/care providers (performance bias): Performance bias due to knowledge of the allocated interventions by personnel/care providers during the study;
Blinding of outcome assessor (detection bias): Detection bias due to knowledge of the allocated interventions by outcome assessors;
Dropout: Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias): Attrition bias due to amount, nature or handling of incomplete outcome data;
Reporting Bias: Selective outcome reporting (outcome reporting bias): Bias arising from outcomes being selectively reported based on the direction and/or strength of the results;
Other Bias: Bias due to problems not covered elsewhere in the table.
From the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Quality Assessment Tool (each item rated as No, Yes, or Unsure)
Population: Eligibility criteria prespecified and clearly described: potentially related to selection bias;
Intervention: Intervention clearly described and delivered consistently: potentially related to performance bias;
Outcomes: Outcomes prespecified, clearly defined, valid, reliable, and assessed consistently: potentially related to detection bias.
Overall risk of bias assessed as HIGH, MODERATE, or LOW.