CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
B. Suggestion
Finally, the writer would like to convey some suggestions and hopefully there were useful for the students and the teacher, as below:
1. For the students'
a. The students should pay more attention to the teacher's explanation and study harder in active to passive voice of simple past tense.
b. The eighth grade students' should read several types of books that discuss about grammar to enrich their ability in passive voice of simple past tense, especially to increase memorization of the verb form.
2. For the teacher
a. Basically the teacher learning method was good, but it needs to be inserted with a more creative method so that students do not bored and always feel interested in participating in learning passive voice of simple past tense.
b. The teacher should be explain the form of passive voice of simple past tense more detailed and clearly, especially in changing form of verbs (present and past) to past participle form.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
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Chen, Mingyao and Qiongxia Ye. “A Corpus-Based Study On Original English Abstract and Translated English Abstract: A Case Study of Passive Voice and Pronouns”. International Journal of English Linguisticts 4, No.6 (2014): 52-69.
Ciesielkiewicz, Monica and Elena Marquez. “Error Analysis and It Relevance to Teaching ESL Composition”. International Journal of Linguistics 7, No.5 (2015): 119-138.
Creswell, John W. Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and mixed methods approach. 4nd ed. United States: Sage Publication, 2014.
Day, Trevor. Success In Academic Writing. United Kingdom: Palgave Macmillan, 2013.
Ekaningsih, Nur. “Enhancing Students’ English Grammar Ability With Online Website Link”. Journal of English Education, Literature and Culture 2, No.2 (2017) 431-444.
Herring, Petter. Complete English Gammar Rules. Parlex International, 2016.
Irawansyah. “Why Study Error?”. Journal of Indonesian Journal Of English Education (IJEE) 4, Issue 2 (2017): 120-129.
Irwan, Hendra Eka Putra and Rahmadani. “Students’ Variation In Translating English Passive Voice Into Bahasa”. Journal of The Association for Arabic and English 4, No.2 (2018): 91-105.
James, Carl. Errors in Language Learning and Use. New York: Routledge, 2013.
Kafipour, Reza and Laleh Kodjasteh. “Is Native Language a Source Of Errors Made By Persian and Turkish Speaking Learners Of English?”. Journal Of Studies In Literature And Language 3, No.3 (2011): 160-164.
Keshavarz, Mohammad Hossein. Contrastive Analysis & Error Analysis. Iran:
Rahnama Press, 2012.
Kharmilah, Puteri and Don Narius. “Error Analysis In Writing Discussion Text Made By Students At English Department Of Universitas Negeri Padang”. Journal of English Language Teaching 8, No.3 ( 2019): 328- 335.
Kharmilah, Puteri and Don Narius. “Error Analysis In Writing Discussion Text Made By Students At English Department Of Universitas Negeri Padang”. Journal of English Language Teaching 8, No.3 (2019): 328- 335.
Leavy, Patricia. Research Design: Quantitative, Qualitative, Mixed Methods, Arts-Based, and Community-Based Participatory Research Approaches. New York: The Guilford Press, 2017.
Limengka and Kuntjara. ”Types of Grammatical Errors In the Essays Written by Fourth-semester Students of English Department, Petra Christian University”. Journal of Language, Literature, and Teaching 1, No.1 (2013): 230-238.
Richard, Jack C. and Richard Schmidt. Longman Dictionary of Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics. 4th ed. Great Britain: Pearson, 2010.
Riyanto, Slamet, Emilia NH and Leila NH. A Handbook of English Grammar.
Cet.ke-5. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2012.
Sinampo, Holler. “An Error Analysis In Changing Active Voice Into Passive Voice of Simple Past Tense”. Journal of IdeBahasa 1,No.1 (2019): 31- 39.
Sudijono, Anis. Pengantar Statistik Pendidikan. Cet.ke-26. Jakarta: PT.
Rajagrafindo Persada, 2018.
Sugiyono. Metode Penelitian Pendidikan Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D. Cet.
ke-21. Bandung: Alfabeta, 2015.
Suhono. “Surface Strategy Taxonomy On The Efl Students’ Composition: A Study Of Error Analysis”. Journal of Iqra’ 1, No.2 (2015): 1-27.
Unver, Meral M. “On Voice English: An Awarness Raising Attempt On Passive Voice”. Europen Journal of Foreign Language Teaching 2, Issue.3 (2017): 17-29.
Wittaningsih, Aprillia. ”English Passive Voice: An X-Bar Theory Analysis”.
Indonesian Journal of English Language Studies 4, No.2 (2018): 69-75.
Yasim, Sukmawati. “Error Analysis in using Passive Voice”. Journal of English Education and Development 2, No.1 (2018): 48-56.
APPENDICES
THE RESULT OF STUDENTS BOOKS DOCUMENTATIONS
Soal Nomor:
1. Mommy cooks a food this morning.
Correct Answer: A food was cooked by mommy this morning Students Answer:
Student 1 :
Student 2 : Student 3 : Student 4 :
Student 5 : Student 6 :
Student 7 : Student 8 : Student 9 :
Student 10:
Food was cooks by mommy this morning.
Correct.
Correct.
A food were cooks by mommy this morning.
Correct.
A food was cooks by mommy this morning.
Correct.
Correct.
A food was cooks by mommy this morning.
Food was cooks by mommy this morning
Student 11 : Student 12 :
Student 13 :
Student 14 :
Student 15 : Student 16 : Student 17 :
Student 18 : Student 19 :
Student 20 :
Correct.
A food were cooked by mommy this morning.
A food were cooked by mommy this morning.
A food were cooked by mommy this morning.
Correct.
Correct.
Food were cooked by mommy this morning.
Correct.
Food was cooks by mommy this morning.
Correct.
2. Andi ate an apple yesterday.
Correct Answer: An apple was eaten by Andi yesterday Students Answer:
Student 1 : Student 2 : Student 3 :
Student 4 : Student 5 : Student 6 : Student 7 : Student 8 :
Student 9 : Student 10:
Correct
Apple was eat by Andi yesterday.
Yesterday an apples was eaten by Andi.
Correct Correct Correct Correct
An apple were ate by Andi yesterday
Correct Correct
Student 11 : Student 12 : Student 13 : Student 14 : Student 15 : Student 16 : Student 17 : Student 18 : Student 19 : Student 20 :
Correct Correct Correct Correct Correct Correct Correct Correct Correct Correct
3. My father told me a story last night.
Correct Answer: A story was told by my father last night.
Students Answer:
Student 1 :
Student 2 :
Student 3 : Student 4 : Student 5 : Student 6 :
Student 7 : Student 8 : Student 9 : Student 10:
A story was tell by my father last night.
A story was tell by my father last night
Correct Correct Correct
A story was tell by my father last night.
Correct Correct Correct Correct
Student 11 : Student 12 :
Student 13 :
Student 14 :
Student 15 : Student 16 : Student 17 : Student 18 : Student 19 : Student 20 :
Correct
A story was tell by my fathers last night.
A story was told last night by my father.
A story was told last night by my father.
Correct Correct Correct Correct Correct
A story were told by my father last night.
4. My brother kept the shirt in the cupboard.
Correct Answer:The shirt was kept by my brother in the cupboard.
Students Answer:
Student 1 :
Student 2 : Student 3 : Student 4 : Student 5 : Student 6 : Student 7 : Student 8 : Student 9 : Student 10:
The shirt was kept in the cupboard by my brother.
Correct Correct Correct Correct Correct Correct Correct Correct Correct
Student 11 : Student 12 : Student 13 :
Student 14 :
Student 15 : Student 16 : Student 17 :
Student 18 :
Student 19 : Student 20 :
Correct Correct
The shirt was kept in the cupboard by my brother.
The shirt was kept in the cupboard by my brother.
Correct Correct
The shirt were keep by my brother in the cupboard.
The shirt were keep by my brother in the cupboard.
Correct Correct
5. Fred knows the news today.
Correct Answer:The news was knew by Fred today.
Students Answer:
Student 1 : Student 2 :
Student 3 :
Student 4 : Student 5 : Student 6 : Student 7 : Student 8 : Student 9 : Student 10:
Correct
The news today was knew by Fred.
The news were know by Fred today.
Correct Correct
The news knew by Fred today.
Correct Correct
The news knows by Fred today.
Correct
Student 11 : Student 12 : Student 13 : Student 14 : Student 15 : Student 16 : Student 17 : Student 18 : Student 19 : Student 20 :
Correct Correct Correct Correct Correct Correct Correct
The news knew by Fred today.
Correct
The news knew by Fred today.
6. Joe stayed in the room.
Correct Answer: The room was stayed by Joe.
Students Answer:
Student 1 : Student 2 : Student 3 : Student 4 : Student 5 : Student 6 : Student 7 : Student 8 : Student 9 : Student 10:
The rooms was stayed by Joe.
Correct Correct
The room has stayed by Joe.
Correct Correct Correct Correct
The room were staying by Joe's.
Correct
Student 11 : Student 12 : Student 13 : Student 14 : Student 15 : Student 16 : Student 17 : Student 18 : Student 19 : Student 20 :
Correct Correct Correct Correct Correct
The room has stayed by Joe.
The room has stayed by Joe.
Correct Correct Correct
7. Mr. Rahmad taught English at International School last month.
Correct Answer:English was taught by Mr. Rahmad at International School last month.
Students Answer:
Student 1 : Student 2 :
Student 3 : Student 4 : Student 5 :
Student 6 : Student 7 :
Student 8 : Student 9 : Student 10:
Correct
English was teach by Mr.
Rahmad at International School last month.
Correct Correct
English was taught at International School last month by Mr. Rahmad.
Correct
English was teach by Mr.
Rahmad at International School last month.
Correct Correct
English was taught at International School last month by Mr. Rahmad.
Student 11 : Student 12 : Student 13 : Student 14 : Student 15 : Student 16 :
Student 17 : Student 18 : Student 19 : Student 20 :
Correct Correct Correct Correct Correct
English was taught at International School last month by Mr. Rahmad.
Correct Correct Correct
English was taught at International Shool last month by Mr. Rahmad.
8. They wrote letters yesterday.
Correct Answer: Letters was written by them yesterday.
Students Answer:
Student 1 :
Student 2 :
Student 3 :
Student 4 :
Student 5 : Student 6 :
Letters were write yesterday by them.
Letters written by them yesterday.
Letters written by them yesterday.
Letters was written yesterday by them.
Correct Correct
Student 11 : Student 12 : Student 13 : Student 14 : Student 15 : Student 16 :
Student 17 :
Student 18 :
Correct Correct Correct Correct Correct
The letters was written by them yesterday.
The letters was written by them yesterday.
Correct
Student 7 :
Student 8 : Student 9 : Student 10:
The letters was written by them yesterday.
Correct Correct
Letters written by them yesterday.
Student 19 :
Student 20 :
The letters was written by them yesterday.
Letters were write yesterday by them.
9. Danang delivered the package yesterday.
Correct Answer: The package was delivered by Danang yesterday.
Students Answer:
Student 1 :
Student 2 : Student 3 : Student 4 :
Student 5 :
Student 6 : Student 7 :
Student 8 :
Student 9 :
Student 10:
The package was delivers by Danang yesterday.
Correct Correct
The package was delivered yesterday by Danang.
The package delivered by Danang yesterday.
Correct
The package was delivers by Danang yesterday.
The package was delivered yesterday by Danang.
Correct
The package delivered by Danang yesterday.
Student 11 : Student 12 :
Student 13 : Student 14 : Student 15 : Student 16 :
Student 17 :
Student 18 : Student 19 : Student 20 :
Correct
The package deliver by Danang yesterday.
Correct Correct Correct
The package deliver by Danang yesterday.
The package was delivers by Danang yesterday.
Correct Correct Correct
10. Mr. Samsul built that house twenty years ago.
Correct Answer:That house was built by Mr. Samsul twenty years ago.
Students Answer:
Student 1 : Student 2 : Student 3 : Student 4 :
Student 5 :
Student 6 : Student 7 :
Student 8 : Student 9 :
Student 10:
Correct Correct Correct
That house was build by Mr.
Samsul twenty years ago.
That house was build by Mr.
Samsul twenty years ago.
Correct
That house was build by Mr.
Samsul twenty years ago.
Correct
That house was build twenty years ago by Mr. Samsul.
That house was build by Mr.
Samsul twenty years ago.
Student 11 : Student 12 :
Student 13 : Student 14 : Student 15 : Student 16 : Student 17 : Student 18 :
Student 19 : Student 20 :
Correct
That house was build by Mr.
Samsul twenty years ago.
Correct Correct Correct Correct Correct
That house was build by Mr.
Samsul twenty years ago.
Correct
That house was build by Mr.
Samsul twenty years ago.
Table : Total of Error in Active to Passive Voice of Simple Past Tense
Student Number
Number of Items
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1 O, Mf - Mf Mo - A - Mf, Mo Mf -
2 - O, Mf Mf - Mo - Mf O - -
3 - A, Mo - - Mf - - O - -
4 Mf - - - - Mf O - Mo Mf
5 - - - - - - Mo Mo O Mf
6 Mf - Mf - O - - - - -
7 - - - - - - Mf A Mf Mf
8 - Mf - - - - - - Mo -
9 Mf - - - O, Mf A, Mf - - - Mf, Mo
10 O, Mf - - - - - Mo O O Mf
11 - - - - - - - - - -
12 Mf - A - - - - - O, Mf Mf
13 Mf - Mo Mo - - - - - -
14 Mf - Mo Mo - - - - - -
15 - - - - - - - - - -
16 - - - - - Mf Mo A O, Mf -
17 O, Mf - - Mf - Mf O A Mf -
18 - - - Mf O - - - - Mf
19 O - - - - - - A - -
20 - - Mf - O - Mo Mf, Mo - Mf
Information:
O = Omission Mf = Misformation A = Addition Mo = Misordering
Table : The Error Types Recapitulation of Active to Passive Voice of Simple Past Tense
Student Number
Types Of Error Total
Error Omission Addition Misformation Misordering
1 1 1 4 2 8
2 2 - 3 1 6
3 1 1 1 1 4
4 1 - 3 1 5
5 1 - 1 2 4
6 1 - 2 - 3
7 - 1 3 - 4
8 - - 1 1 2
9 1 1 4 1 7
10 3 - 2 1 5
11 - - - - -
12 1 1 3 - 4
13 - - 1 2 3
14 - - 1 2 3
15 - - - - -
16 1 1 2 1 5
17 2 1 4 - 6
18 1 - 2 - 3
19 1 1 - - 2
20 1 - 3 2 6
Frequency 18 8 40 17 83
Percentage 21,7 % 9,6 % 48,2 % 20,5 % 100 %
Percentage formula as stated by Anas Sudijono that the formula for calculating the percentage is follow:
Information:
P = Percentage
F = Frequency of error made
N = Number of cases (total of frequency)119
Omission Error : 18
82 × 100% : 21,7 %
Addition Error : 8
82 × 100% : 9,6 % Misformation Error : 40
82 × 100% : 48,2 % Misordering Error : 17
82 × 100% : 20,5 %
119 Anas Sudijono, Pengantar Statistik Pendidikan, cet-26. (Jakarta: PT. Rajagrafindo Persada, 2018), 43.
P=𝐹
𝑁 × 100%
RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS (The Instruments of Interviews)
A. Questions for English Teacher
1. What problems did you face while teaching the passive voice of simple past tense?
2. What is your solution to solving the problem in teaching the passive voice of simple past tense?
3. Did students make errors in active to passive voice of simple past tense?
4. What errors did students make the most in active to passive voice of simple past tense?
5. How can you help students better understand and minimize the errors that students make in active to passive voice of simple past tense?
B. Questions for the Students
1. Have you learned about the passive voice of simple past tense?
2. Can you understand the passive voice of simple past tense properly?
3. Did you make an error in active to passive voice of simple past tense?
4. What error did you do in active to passive voice of simple past tense?
5. What are the steps you take to minimize errors in active to passive voice of simple past tense?
THE TEACHER INTERVIEW RESULT Narasumber : Afif Azizah, S.Pd
Hari/Tanggal : Rabu, 02 September 2020
Tempat : MTs. Riyadlatul Ulum Batanghari Pertanyaan:
1. Apa saja kendala yang anda hadapi dalam mengajar passive voice of simple past tense?
2. Bagaimana solusi anda untuk mengatasi kendala dalam mengajar passive voice of simple past tense tersebut?
3. Apakah siswa melakukan kesalahan dalam mengubah active ke passive voice of simple past tense?
4. Kesalahan apa yang paling sering dilakukan oleh siswa dalam mengubah active ke passive voice?
5. Bagaimana cara anda membantu siswa untuk lebih memahami dan meminimalisir kesalahan yang dilakukan siswa ketika meubah active ke passive voice of simple past tense?
Jawaban:
1. Masalah pertama adalah keterbatasan media, jumlah buku bahasa Inggris siswa tidak mencukupi. Kemudian media audio visualnya belum ada sehingga saya kesulitan untuk membuat suasana belajar lebih hidup dan enjoy. Masalah berikutnya, siswa lambat memahami pelajaran bahasa Inggris, kosakata mereka terbatas, sehingga sulit untuk mengubah kalimat aktif ke kalimat pasif.
2. Untuk permasalahan buku, sembari saya meminta siswa untuk berpasangan dalam menggunakan buku, saya juga meminta siswa untuk membuat rangkuman kalimat pasif dari materi simple past tense agar mereka dapat belajar kembali di asrama. Saya juga meminta siswa untuk menghafal kosakata yang saya berikan setiap minggunya, minimal 20 kosakata. Saya juga meminta siswa untuk menghapal rumus kalimat pasif simple past tense.
3. Ya, mereka melakukannya.
4. Kesalahan paling banyak siswa dalam menggunakan bentuk tata bahasa, terutama ketika mereka harus merubah satu bentuk kata kerja ke dalam bentuk kata kerja ke-3.
5. Saya menjelaskan kembali materi passive voice pada materi simple past tense, membimbing satu per satu siswa yang kurang paham dengan meminta bantuan siswa yang sudah paham untuk menjelaskan kepada temannya yang kurang paham. Saya juga menuliskan perubahan kata kerja untuk dihafal oleh siswa. Saya juga meminta semua siswa untuk membaca lebih lanjut tentang mengubah kata kerja dan mewajibkan siswa untuk membawa kamus. Setelah itu, saya memberikan lebih banyak tugas kepada siswa yang kurang paham.
THE STUDENTS INTERVIEW RESULT Pertanyaan:
1. Apakah kamu pernah belajar tentang passive voice of simple past tense?
Jawaban:
Student 1 : Iya, Pernah Student 2 : Iya, Pernah Student 3 : Iya, Pernah Student 4 : Iya, Pernah Student 5 : Iya, Pernah Student 6 : Iya, Pernah Student 7 : Iya, Pernah Student 8 : Iya, Pernah Student 9 : Iya, Pernah Student 10: Iya, Pernah
Student 11 : Iya, Pernah Student 12 : Iya, Pernah Student 13 : Iya, Pernah Student 14 : Iya, Pernah Student 15 : Iya, Pernah Student 16 : Iya, Pernah Student 17 : Iya, Pernah Student 18 : Iya, Pernah Student 19 : Iya, Pernah Student 20 : Iya, Pernah
2. Apakah kamu dapat memahami passive voice of simple past tense dengan baik dan benar?
Student 1 : Lumayan paham.
Student 2 : Lumayan paham.
Student 3 : Iya.
Student 4 : Lumayan paham.
Student 5 : Lumayan paham.
Student 6 : Iya.
Student 7 : Lumayan paham.
Student 8 : Iya
Student 9 : Lumayan paham.
Student 10: Lumayan paham.
Student 11 : Iya.
Student 12 : Lumayan paham.
Student 13 : Iya.
Student 14 : Iya.
Student 15 : Iya.
Student 16 : Lumayan paham.
Student 17 : Lumayan paham.
Student 18 : Iya.
Student 19 : Iya.
Student 20 : Lumayan paham.
3. Apakah kamu melakukan kesalahan dalam merubah active ke passive voice of simple past tense?
Student 1 : Iya.
Student 2 : Iya Student 3 : Iya.
Student 4 : Iya.
Student 5 : Iya.
Student 6 : Iya.
Student 7 : Iya.
Student 8 : Iya Student 9 : Iya.
Student 10: Iya.
Student 11 : Tidak.
Student 12 : Iya.
Student 13 : Iya.
Student 14 : Iya.
Student 15 : Tidak.
Student 16 : Iya.
Student 17 : Iya.
Student 18 : Iya.
Student 19 : Iya.
Student 20 : Iya.
4. Kesalahan apakah yang kamu lakukan ketika merubah active ke passive voice of simple past tense?
Student1 :Salah merubah bentuk kata kerja dan penggunaan "to be".
Student2 : Salah merubah bentuk kata kerja dan penggunaan "to be".
Student3 : Salah merubah bentuk kata kerja dan penggunaan "to be".
Student4 : Salah merubah bentuk kata kerja dan penggunaan "to be".
Student5 : Salah merubah bentuk kata kerja dan penggunaan "to be".
Student6 : Salah merubah bentuk kata kerja dan penggunaan "to be".
Student7 : Salah merubah bentuk kata kerja dan penggunaan "to be".
Student8 : Salah menempatkan kata juga salah dalam penulisan katanya.
Student 9 : Salah merubah bentuk kata kerja dan penggunaan "to be".
Student10 : Salah merubah bentuk kata kerja dan penggunaan "to be"..
Student11 :Saya tidak melakukan kesalahan.
Student12 : Salah merubah bentuk kata kerja dan penggunaan "to be".
Student13 : Salah merubah bentuk kata kerja dan penggunaan "to be".
Student14 : Salah merubah bentuk kata kerja dan penggunaan "to be".
Student15 :Saya tidak melakukan kesalahan.
Student16 : Salah merubah bentuk kata kerja dan penggunaan "to be".
Student17 : Salah merubah bentuk kata kerja dan penggunaan "to be".
Student18 : Salah merubah bentuk kata kerja dan penggunaan "to be".
Student19 : Salah menempatkan kata juga salah dalam penulisan katanya.
Student20 : Salah merubah bentuk kata kerja dan penggunaan "to be".
5. Bagaimanakah langkah-langkah yang kamu lakukan untuk meminimalisir kesalahan dalam merubah active ke passive voice of simple past tense?
Student1: Bertanya ke Ibu guru.
Student2: Bertanya ke teman yang lebih faham
Student3: Bertanya ke Ibu guru dan belajar lagi.
Student4: Bertanya ke Ibu guru dan banyak havalan kata kerja dan kata-kata bahasa inggris lainnya.
Student5: Bertanya ke teman yang
Student11:Memperbanyak hafalan
kosa kata dan perubahan bentuk verb.
Student12:Bertanya ke Ibu guru dan perbanyak latihan.
Student13:Bertanya ke teman yang lebih faham dan banyak berlatih sambil buka kamus
Student14:Belajar lagi dan banyak menghafal kata-kata bahasa
lebih faham dan menghafal kosa kata bahasa inggris.
Student6: Bertanya ke Ibu guru dan belajar lebih giat.
Student7:Bertanya ke teman yang lebih paham dan belajar lebih giat lagi.
Student8:Bertanya ke teman yang lebih faham dan banyak memahami materi passive voice.
Student9:Bertanya ke teman yang lebih faham dan latihan mengerjakan sambil buka kamus.
Student10:Bertanya ke Ibu guru dan menghafal perubahan bentuk verb 1,2,3.
inggris.
Student15:Hafalan kosa kata dan belajar lagi.
Student16:Bertanya ke teman yang lebih faham dan banyak hafalan kata.
Student17:Bertanya ke teman yang lebih faham dan ibu guru.
Student18:Bertanya ke Ibu guru dan perbanyak latihan.
Student19:Bertanya ke teman yang lebih faham dan belajar lebih giat lagi.
Student20:Belajar lebih giat dan bertanya ke ibu guru kalau masih belum paham.
THE DOCUMENTATIONS PHOTOS
Students Documents
The Condition of English Learning Process
The Interview Process with English Teacher of The Eighth Grade
The Interview Process with English Teacher Of The Eighth Grade
The Interview Process with The Female Student of The Eighth Grade
The Interview Process with The Male Student of The Eighth Grade