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NOTE: if youdo not wish fo clipup your mogozme, send us your order on o plain s/ieef o^ paper.

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Insects

(Conlinueci from page 46) Bees, for instance, are insects and very busyones. Accordingtothe "Kill

"emall" group,it would be permissible tokill allbees.

Only don't attempt to grov\ good crops of alfalfa after every bee in the neighborhood is clobbered.

You

won't stand a chance. Neither should you try to grow red clover after the

bum-

blebees are gone nor, for that matter, over 50 valuable varieties of seed and fruitcrops.

For alas, bees are far

more

impor- tant to us economically as pollinators than the 200 million pounds of honey and

wax

they produce yearly. Along with the honey and bumble will go the important alkali, leaf-cutting, and carpenter bees and 5.000 pollinating cousins, allworking tohelp usproduce primecrops.

On

rare occasions wasps have been

known

to sting man.

They

are a nui- sance to have about the house. There- fore, to the gallows with all wasps!

Tobacco

farmers beware! These

same

so-called house pests, the Pol- istes, control 60 percent of the

dam-

agingtobacco

hornworm

in yourfields.

They make

fritters out of corn ear-

worms

and mincemeatof

army

worms.

Trioxys and Proans wasps slaughter alfalfa aphids by the millions, aiding greatly in checking this once-serious pest. Minute Braconid and Chalid wasps kill

many

varieties of aphids.

Some

Chalid specialize in destroying cabbage

worm

eggs.

A

variety of the

Ichneumon

wasp

makes

the destructive pigeon tremex wish it were never born, if you really killed all the wasps, the United States Treasury and the

Bank

of England would have to look for a

new

source of permanent ink.

The

Aleppo gall wasps account for the galls their pres- ent inkisprocessed from.

These are but a few of the thou- sands ofexamples ofwhat wouldhap- pen if insects were truly our "Public

Enemy Number

One."

Many

of our birds would starve.

Our

forests would reek of decaying corpses. Fish would starve by the millions.

The

prickly-

"/cannottella lie

— my

.sisterisn't sick;shejustthinksyou're a drip."

pear cactus would take over grazing lands, for there would no longer be moths to control it, and so would the tansy ragwort on the West Coast.

It is clear insects

work more

for

man

than against him.

Great Graiiddad

Quiz

By W

illard

and Elmn

\\(dtner

WHEN ^GREAT

^granddad

^wended

his

way

across the prairies and finally staked outa claim on the mid- western plains, he had to spend long hours getting the tough sod to yield a meager living.

By

today's standards, hisfarming implements were crude in- deed, but great granddad was the "in- ventingest" personyou ever saw.

Some

of the implements he thought up and fashioned were marvels of genius for his day.

Though

>ou might not rec- ognize them, they were the ancestors of items which you use today. Others only filled a need for his particular era.

How many

of these early "labor- savers" can you call by

name?

If

\ou're stuck, ask your granddad if he can recognizethem.

Answers

•S3Ae4.s pjjeq uo saAOOjB

Bumno

jo^ 'pajiuejo pue Buiuado paLj4oo4.o^ujjea

pasQ

-ja^-inQ

aAooj0

9^54.5 pjjeg

>

^{aLj| ypn\%}

^peppuej0

^-janaiig

^ujoq

^-j

1 _.

I |_ .| .f-^ •ai^om a\\\ o^uj s|auja)j Buiseapj pos -MajosJiJOO 311(4. °+

P^W

^{^'^'^} +H^!'^ ^{-t-^}

sao4.,S|e6aij4daa)| oj^ •jaujje/y\ 4.00^ -g ui paLjsnd spm 4.u|oj •ja4.ue|jj

ujoq £

azejB_{04 400} pa)|e4S

uaxQ

•a)|e4S

xq

•)

48 The

National

FUTURE

F.4RAIER

s)jDijq oijo^jun jno^ pajnsse slujoj. ui

paped

Mej4S pue pn^^| 'P|0(A| pi-^g '9

•xoq uj paoe|d ajaM s|eoD 4014 'aue

Will your first job get you a flashy car-or a bright future?

There'sabigchoice notfar

ahead

ofyou.

When you

finish high school,

you can

takea job that looks

good

atthestart.

One

thatputs

what seems

tobe alotof

spending money

inyour pocket.

Or you can

take a job that helps

you

build for the future.

In the U.S. Air Force, you'll learn a vital

aerospace

skill, ina field

such

as electronics^.

.

jet

engines.

..or

guided missiles

Aiigii-.l-S«-pteiiibor, 1965

You'll

work

with theverylatest

equipment— equipment

that

makes

thejazziest

custom

"rod" looklikeakiddie car.

Your

next

few

years are

important

ones. Don't

waste them.

U.S. Air Force

Ifyou'regoingontocollege,you

may

have the opportunityto earn anofficer'scommissionwhileyouworkforyour bachelor's degree. The Air Force

ROTC

program is available on 186 college and university campuses in the U.S. and Puerto Rico.

49

Net Farm ^Income Nearly Doubled With

Cage Unit Partnership

Kenneth Soost made his way on the farm by developing a Inerative ponltry enterprise.

A

^seemnership

^PROFITABLE

^{possibleon 160tofather-sonacres?neighbors,It didn'tpart-but}

Kenneth Soost. a Future

Farmer

from Wells, Minnesota, found the answer

—

^{a packaged cage layer unit to sup-}

plement farm income from feeder steers,gram,andhay.

There are few large poultr\' enter- prises in his area of southern Minne- sota. This is corn and hog country.

Nevertheless. Kenneth wanted to farm, and he had to boost net farm income

if a partnership were to work.

A

neighboring hatchery showed the Soosts

how

similar cage units have realized a net return of over a dollar per bird per year. "If

we

put in 4,200 lavers, this could

mean

an additional

$4,000 or more," the ^Ftiture Farmer

With

self-propelled cartKenneth Soost feeds his layers, two tiers at a time.

Father-son

team

of

Henry

and Kenneth Soostgathers eggs from their 4,176 ^birds. Units have two birds to a cage.

and his father thought.

They

decided togivecagedlayers atr)'.

A

complete 4,200-bird cage layer unit would cost SI6.000. plus the cost of 20-week-old started pullets.

Would

they be able to get that

much

financ- ing from the bank?

A

trip to Wells gave them the answer

—

the local bank would loan them the full

amount

on a renewable farm note.

No down

pay- ment wasrequired.

With financing out of the way. the Soosts selected a site across the road from the barn for the cage imit.

By

February. 1963, the 32- by 158-foot unit was completed. There were 2,088 cages, arranged in stair-step order for easy

manure

removal. Automatic wa- ter lines ran the length of the two tiers of cages.

A

six-ton bulk feed bin supplied a self-propelled feed cart that filled both rows of cage feeders

—

^{all 4.176 birds}

—

^{in 20 minutes} per fecdmg.

An

offset of the completed cage house included a paneled farm office and a 6-by 10-foot egg cooling room.

"Can't think of anything better than this farm office." the Future

Farmer

explained over records spread on the desk.

An

extension

phone

was at his reach. Behind him wasasink inwhich towashbefore leaving the cage house.

Soon after completion, the cages were filled with layers, and Kenneth was in business.

He

had balanced a laying ration and

made

plans to grind and mix his

own

feed from farm- grown corn and oats plus protein con- centrate. Oyster shell and grit would also be added to the ration.

"We

mix a 17 percent protein ra- tion." he said. His ration includes 1.350 pounds of corn. 100 pounds of oats, and 550 pounds of a 38 percent

protein concentrate. Cost per ton

comes

to S64.45. including a payment of S3.00 a ton to himself for mixing, plus elevator prices for corn and oats used. Filling the six-ton feed bin cov- ers feeding operations for nearly two weeks. Figuring that during the 455 days in a laying cycle the hens con-

sume

210 tons offeed, the

FFA mem-

ber pa\'s himself S630 for grinding, mixing, and machine depreciation.

Marketing the eggs proved to be no problem. There was a ready de-

mand

for clean, fresh eggs from the

modern

cage unit.

A

nearby buyer contracted for all eggs to be shipped to Osage. Iowa, where they would be cartoned for shipment throughout the United States.

He

gets a

premium

of nearly 4 cents a dozen over what smaller producers in the areaget. This

makes

quite a difference on the basis of shipping an average of ¹.500 dozen a

week

over the entire year.

"This 3-centand 4-cent difference in price is a major factor in determining profit." the Future

Farmer

said.

Last

summer

the

FFA member

com- pleted his first cycle of caged layers, had the house cleaned, and within a

week

filled it with layers again.

Farm

records showed a net return of over S4.300 from the caged layers for la- bor, depreciation, and interest,

"We

should pay forthe unit in five years,"

Kenneth said.

He

estimates it took him two hours a day to do all feeding andegg gathering.

In the meantime, local

FFA

Ad-

\isor Arnold Carlson

made

^{it a} point to bring Wells vo-ag students to see

how

a fellow Future

Farmer

hadnear- ly doubled the farm net income, (Special to "The National Future Fanner" from Hy-LinePoultryFarms.)

The

National FlTl

RE F.4RMER