CHAPTER II LITERATUR REVIEW
D. Online Learning
Online learning is the application of a learning system during the Covid-19 pandemic which is the main problem because this is an epidemic that greatly affects and has a pervasive impact on community life and social relations. For Mohammadi (2010), online education is commonly spoken. as the intentional use of network data and communication technology in the teaching and learning process.
Online education can be defined by this method as well the implementation of electronic systems such as the internet, PCs, multimedia CDs whose purpose is to reduce the number of expenses as well as departures and attendance. For Goyal (2012), online education can be referred to as learning knowledge without printed education module papers.
Online education is the use of telecommunications technology to deliver data for learning and training.
The advancement of data and communication technology, online education is emerging as a modern learning paradigm. Online education can be defined as science without the use of paper-printed teaching materials.
Online learning is evolving into a modern educational model. One of the primary advantages of online learning is the interaction between students and teachers in the classroom.
1. The advantages of online learning were stated by Sari (2015, p. 28) as follows:
a) Overcoming distance and time constraints
Online learning facilitates the formation of connections that enable students to enter and explore new learning areas while overcoming distance and time constraints. This issue allows education to be accessed with a broader reach, or to be accessed anywhere and at any time, so that students can always be productive in receiving education.
b) Encourage an active learning attitude
Online education facilitates shared education by allowing learners to join or create learning communities that better extend learning activities outside the classroom either individually or in groups. This atmosphere can make education more constructive, collaborative, and there is a good discussion between teachers and students or between participants from each other.
c) Build a new learning atmosphere
Learning online makes students create areas that support education by offering a new atmosphere so that students are more enthusiastic about learning.
d) Increase learning opportunities more
Online learning increases learning opportunities for learners by offering virtual experiences and tools that save them time, enabling them to learn more.
e) Controlling the learning process
Both teachers and students can use structured and scheduled teaching materials or learning instructions via the internet so that both can take into account how the teaching materials are learned.
Online education also offers teachers the convenience of checking whether student participants are pursuing uploaded modules, doing practice questions and assignments online.
f) Facilitate updating of teaching materials for teachers
Online learning allows teachers to easily update and improve textbooks uploaded via e-learning. The teacher can also choose more practical textbook that is more in line with the actual situation. That to be specific learning from domestic by utilizing the moderenity of innovative apparatuses from advanced mobilephones that past understudies had.
g) Encouraging the growth of a cooperative attitude
Online communication and interaction between teachers and students as well as between students encourage the development of a cooperative attitude in solving learning problems.
h) Accommodating various learning styles
Online learning through online learning can equip students with various (multi-sensory) learning methods, including audio, visual and kinesthetic, which can advance students with different learning methods.
2. Online learning has several disadvantages as summarized from Munir's opinion ( 2009, p. 174 ) including:
a) Using e-learning as distance learning, physically separate students and teachers, and separate students from each other. This physical separation can reduce or even eliminate direct interaction between teachers and students. This situation can cause the distance between the teacher and students to be shorter, thus affecting the success of the learning process. The community is also worried that the lack of interaction will hinder the formation of attitudes, values, morals, or social activities in the learning process so that they cannot be used in everyday life.
b) Technology is an important part of education, however, if it focuses more on technology than education, there is a tendency to pay more attention to technological or business / commercial aspects, while neglecting education, thereby changing academic abilities, behavior, attitudes, and social or social perceptions. Student skills.
c) The learning process tends towards training and education which emphasizes more on knowledge or psychomotor aspects and pays less attention to affective aspects.
d) Teachers are required to know and master ICT-based learning strategies, methods, or technologies. If you are unable to master it, the transfer of knowledge or information will be hampered, even the learning process will be hampered.
e) The learning process through e-learning uses internet services that require students to learn independently without depending on the teacher. If students cannot learn independently and have low learning motivation, it will be difficult for them to achieve their learning goals.
f) The technical weakness is that not all students have internet access facilities because they are not available or there is a lack of computers connected to the internet. It is not all educational institutions can provide manpower and infrastructure to support e- learning.
g) Lack of computer and internet operating skills more optimally.