CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
F. Technique of Data Analysis
In analyzing data from the observation and interview, the researcher used qualitative data analysis based on Miles & Huberman (1994) which consisted of
three stages. They were data reduction, data display and conclusion drawing/verification.
1. Data reduction.
This refered to the process whereby the mass of qualitative data that researcher may obtain such as interview transcripts, observations notes and check list. In process of data reduction, the researcher transcribed the data from the interview into written transcript at the first. The mass are reorganised, for example writing summaries, discarding irrelevant data and so on. At this stage, the researcher try and discard all irrelevant information, but did ensure that researcher have access to it later if required, as unexpected findings may need researcher to re-examine some data previously considered unnecessary.
2. Data display.
The analysis focused to the data which is suitable to the research questions which have been formulated. The researcher made a good display of data in the descriptive form that very esssential to draw conclusions from the mass of data.
This is a continual process, rather than just one to be carried out at the end of the data collection (Miles and Huberman,1994).
3.Drawing conclusion /verification.
The last stage was conclusion drawing/verification when the researcher draw conclusion based on data display. This analysis allowed researcher to begin and to develop conclusions regarding the research problem. These initial conclusions can then be verified, that is their validity examined through reference to research existing field notes or further data collection.
CHAPTER IV
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION A. Findings
The researcher has observed that in teaching and learning process, SMP Muhammadiyah 12 Makassar applied online application system during pandemic including the class that researcher took as the sample. The class used two types of teahing and learning online class application. They were google meet and google classroom. Firstly, google meet as teaching and learning class application as the place for the teacher and the students to meet and interact through online system.
The teacher explained the material and made some interaction with the students.
The second was google classroom. Through this application, the teacher gave assignment (written application system) and the students sent their assignment through this application also.
According to these two teaching and learning online application, the researcher found some finding related to the problem statement that formulated before, they were:
A. The types of intangible rewards that were used by the teacher at SMP Muhammadiyah 12 Makassar
Table 4.1. Intangible rewards types that given by the teacher No Types of Intangible Rewards Intangible Rewards that were used
1. Verbal Praise Good Job
Very Good Excellent
Nice I like it
2. Written Praise The teacher gave grade on the students’
sheet
The teacher gave positive comment on the students’ sheet
The teacher gave mark on the students’
sheet (smile symbol)
1. Verbal Praise
The researcher has oberved during four weeks (8 times meeting) at Monday and Tuesday started at 24th of August until 16th of September 2020. The researcher found some verbal praises that were used by the teacher at google meet application. Five responses that were very often used by the teacher were “ good job”, “very good”, “excellent”, “nice” and “I like it”. During the teaching and learning online class, the teacher always responded the answer or another students good behavior with showed that five verbal praises. This online class started at 11.20-13.00 WITA at Monday and Tuesday. Then in every chance, the teacher always said that words followed by giving thumb and clapped teachers’ hand.
Look at the picture below :
Picture 4.1. Teacher said verbal praises and showed some gestures (giving thumb and clapping hand) when explaining the material
The picture above showed that the teacher responded the students’ answer with verbal praise in google meet at the first week when researcher observed that class. The teacher was so excited in explaining the material under the topic the
“students’ ability” material. The teacher showed giving thumb and clapped hand for many times and smiled to the students. The teacher said “very good” and
“good job” in responding the answer from the students. The condition of online class during the teaching and learning process was very relax without any pressure.
The students were enjoy and gave full attention to the teacher’s explanation as the picture below :
Picture 4.2 the situation of teaching and learning process through google meet
The picture above showed the condition of online class through google meet when the researcher observed that sample. The students actively joined the teaching and learning process. When the teacher explained the material,the students gave their full attention with kept silent and wait their turn to answer the question or gave their opinion if the teacher asked to them. Their expression seemed very happy when teacher gave some intangible reward. Even though any error internet connection that got by some students, but it was just happened in short period,then the teaching and learning process could run well.
At the first and second week of online class, the verbal praise that was said by the teacher were dominated by “very good” and good job”. Then at third and fourth week, teacher said new verbal praises, they were “excellent”, “nice” and “I like it”. This things happended when teacher responded student’s right answer and in other time, the teacher said “I like it” when seeing the students’ behavior during the online class that they were very active in responding the teacher’s question, such as competited to rise hand and the students know about behaved calm and silent timing during the teacher explained the material. The teacher’s expression was very happy when she saw good students’ behaviour, so she said that verbal praise.
It could be seen from the picture below :
Picture 4.3 the teacher gave some verbal praises toward good sudents’
behavior
At the third and fourth week, class VIIIA came to different material, it was about the rule and obligations at the school. The explanation of the teacher was not too fast. It was really understandable. In teaching the material, teacher chose the simple words and sometimes the teacher made some jokes,so the teaching and learning process was not so serious. The reward that given by the teacher was really success to make interesting teaching and learning process. The students were very excited to join the class
During the online class,the researcher found good interaction between teacher and students. The teacher explained some material clearly then asked to the students about some question. The teacher called name of students one by one then they answered the question. The rewards were given by the teacher to the students that made good behavior or answered correctly. The number of students that always joined at google meet were about 15 students.
2. Written Praise
The other teaching and learning online class application was the google classroom. In this application, the teacher showed the other types of intangible rewards that was written praise. In the students’ assignment, the teacher gave
“grade” and comment on the students’ sheet as a positive feedback of students’
work. The resercher found the teacher gave comments and grade to the students after correcting the assignments. Giving marks was another type of reward for the works done by the students which could enhance their learning and made them careful while doing their work. The number of students that always submitted the task were about 17 students.
Responding to her task, the teacher gave marks by writing 1. I can flay football
2. I can swim
3. I’m good at speaking English 4. I’m good at motorbikes 5. I’m good at playing baseball Look at the picture below:
Picture 4.4. Teacher’s comments on student’s assignment
The picture above was taken at the second meeting in class VIIIA. The researcher took two sample of students’ assignments which were containing the teacher’s feedback on it. The picture above showed the students’ assignment that they have sent to the teacher and then the teacher gave score or grade for the student in order to make the students understood their work level. Which one was right and which one was wrong. The other picture showed the teacher gave some comments for students’ assignment so it was being a response of students’ work.
The picture above showed that students were told to make some sentences related to their ability in doing something. Let see picture 1, student A wrote
Well done.
Revise the tenses.
Responding to her task, the teacher gave marks by writing
It could be seen that the teacher gave praise to student A for what he has done by saying "well done". His work was considered good by the teacher and the teacher was seen satisfied with the results of his work. In addition, the teacher also suggested him to revise the tenses that he was used. Therefore, the score 90 with very good category was deserved by him as the result of his performance. The other written praise by the teacher was also showed at the second material in the students’ assignments.
It could be seen from the picture below:
Picture 4.5. Teacher’s comments on student’s assignment
1. I think you shuld buy a medicine 2. I advise yu to study hard
3. I suggest that you go to libray 4. I recommen you to read this book 5. Maybe you shoul take a rest
Good job. Write carefully the word.
From the picture above, student B wrote:
Responding to her task, the teacher gave marks by writing:
Based on the picture above, it could be seen that first the teacher praised student B by saying " good job". After that, the teacher told her that the sentence of her text was not in accordance with the previous sentence. Thats why, this comment given by the teacher, hopely it could be as a good input for student so that in the next she can be more careful in doing the task. It could be seen that the teacher gave a score of 80 with the category "good".
At the third week, class VIIIA came to the new material namely ‘rules and obligation’. The teacher divided this material being four times meeting. The first and second meeting, teacher explained about the rules in the school, then the students got assignment to wite down their rules as students at the school. Then the third and fourth meeting, the teacher commanded to translate sentences into English about students obligation.
Great! add one more obligation next time ;)
The picture below showed one students assignment as a sample that researcher took.
Picture 4.6. Teacher’s comments on student’s assignment
The picture above showed that students were told to make some sentences related to the students obligation at school. Student C wrote :
Then the teacher commended on the student’s assignment as followed :
Based on the picture above, it could be seen that the teacher praised student for making sentences related to the giving suggestion material by saying" Great!".
After that, the teacher told him to add one more sentence because the teacher commanded to make 5 students’ obligation sentence, but the student just made 4
1. Using uniform
2. Following the study all the day until the end of the school 3. Following the monday ceremony
4. Doing my homework
sentence. At the last, teacher gave a mark, that was a smile symbol. Hopefully, it was be good input and spirit source for the student. For the score, the teacher gave 90 with ‘’very good’’ category.
At the fourth week, the students got new assignment. It was still related to the students’ rule and obligation,but it related to the translation. The teacher asked to the students to make English sentence form from the some Indonesia sentence that provided by the teacher.
It could be seen as picture below:
Picture 4.7. Teacher’s comments on student’s assignment
The picture above showed that the teacher asked to the students to translate English sentence form from the some Indonesia sentences related to the students obligation at school.
1.Doing good with teacher 2. Good relation with friends 3. Cleaning the school
4. Doing homework in the home 5. Get study in class
Good, add some verbs. ^_^
Student D wrote :
Then the teacher gave some comments on the student’s paper :
Same case with the previous picture, the teacher marked student’s assignment more with the symbol ^_^ (one symbol that contained of smiley face). It related to the teacher’s comment that gave big support for the student. The teacher revised student’s assignment by praising him by said “Good, add some verbs”.
The teacher did not forget to add some correction words related to the student’s work and gave score 90 with ‘’very good’’ category.
The other assignment’s sample that took by the researcher showed the student’s work with the lowest score and many correction from the teacher.
1. Good with teacher 2. Good friends 3. Clean
4. Howework in house
The picture of that student’s assignment was below :
Picture 4.8 Teacher’s comments on student’s assignment
The student E answered the question from the teacher carelessly. He was just wrote the sentence without any noticing toward to the correct grammar, tenses, verb, noun, subject or the other.
It could be seen from his answer as followed:
The student just wrote the simple and short sentence. That was very incomplete then the teacher commended :
Good, revise tenses and add more translation.
The teacher was still very respect and wise in checking the student’s work by saying “good”. That sentence showed how care the teacher with the student. She was still respected his student by praising him. Then the teacher added some correction related to the student’s work. The teacher keep appreciated the students’ assignment and give them suggesstion. This was very important words for students in order to make students felt they can do better and believe to theirself. The point was the students want to make some efforts like tried to study hard or being more diligent. That was the function of written praise that consisted of motivation comments for the students. The other writtent praises that used by the teacher was also gave some marks. The researcher found that the teacher for several times used symbol of smiley emoticon and put on the students’
assignments to make them be more spirit and felt higly confidence and believe theirself.
Table 4.2. The Students’ response towards the intangible reward used by the teacher
Number The Students Response of Intangible Reward
of ( Interview)
students Question 1: Question 2: Question 3: Question 4:
What is your How do you feel What are the Why do opinion about the when your differences intangible implementation of teacher gives before and rewards can intangible reward some intangible after be motivate in learning reward for you? applied the students to English? is it good why? intangible learn English?
or not? why? reward in
learning English?
1. It was good because it can motivate us to learn.
I felt happy because the teacher
appreciated my work.
I felt more excited.
Because it can made students enjoyed in learning.
2. It was good
because we will not bored.
I felt happy because i was proud about my homework
I felt more spirit in answered the questions
it made us felt to be cared
3. Good mam because I felt happy.
I felt happy mam because the teacher saw my assignment.
I felt not too excited but after i got the rewards then I felt spirit to answer the questions.
Because we felt to be cared.
4. It was good because I was happy if my teacher praise.
Happy because it was more
interested.
I felt more happy
We felt more happy and excited because the teacher praised our assignment 5. It was good
because mostly students happy when they got praised.
I felt so happy. It was more interested and we were not easily bored.
Because we were felt to be cared from the teacher
6. It was good mam because I felt more spirit
I felt like more enjoyed because we were not too serious
when the teacher praise our work then we were like felt to be attention and to be
appreciated
Because we can more relax and not too serious
7. I was like it because we were not bored during heard the material
It was good because sometimes we were lazy if only
After got a praised from the teacher we felt more
Because we will more enjoyed the learning
heard the material)
excited 8. It was good
because I can more to be motivated to do homework
I felt like happy and also proud because I can answer the question that is given by the teacher
I was like more
dilligent and cared to my assignment
Because the learning process will be more interested
9. It was good because it can increase the students’
motivation in learning
I felt like to be appreciated about our hard work in learning
I felt more relaxed and not bored
Because the students felt challenged to answer the questions because they want to get rewards.
10. It was good because it can motivate us to always learn
I was like and felt happy because it can encourage my self to be more increase learning achievement.
After the teacher gave some praises and
appreciation then my motivation become increased
Because I felt like my motivation becomes more better)
11. It was good because we more enjoyed in studying
I felt happy and proud because I can answered the questions well
I felt more spirit and my motivation become increased
Because it can create an interesting learning and made students enjoyed in learning English 12. It was good
because we were not bored to study
Happy because the teacher praised my work
My
motivation for studying was
increased
Because it was nice and we felt to be cared
13. It was good and interested mam because we felt to be cared.
It was happy because the teacher checked the assignment carefully
We more spirit and not too serious in studying
Because it was more humble between the teacher and students so they were not felt awkward 14. It was good
because we will more confident
Happy and proud because my homework was correct
I felt more confident in answering the questions
Because it made us felt motivated 15. It was good
because I felt more spirit and confident
I was proud because I can asnwer the question well
More proud, happy,and always confident
It was like I felt more spirit
16. It was good because we felt happy if the teacher praised us
Happy and also more excited to answer the questions
We felt more to be cared so it made us more carefully in answering the questions.
Because we were not bored when studying and we got more spirit
17. In my opinion, it was good because we will more excited and also keep confident
Happy and always keep spirit
It was like when the teacher gave rewards then we felt like to be respected and also proud to our assignment
Because we felt more confident to give opinion.
18. It was good because we were confident to answer the questions
Happy and also proud because we can answered the question that is given
The students felt more confident after given the rewards from the teacher
Because we more enjoyed and happy when studying English