CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
E. Approach
result constitutes to the whole description and organizes properly to this units. The scope of the research is depends on the purpose. It may embrace entire cycles of life or only on the certain segment; this study may consentrating on the spesific of special factors or can be including the whole factors and events. (2) if this research is compare to the survey study, which disposed to examine a little amount of variable in the big sample, whereas case study is prefering to research a small units but keep involve to the variables and events in the big number.40
B. Data Resources
Study case belongs to the qualitative research where the whole data collected are based on the researcher’s description in test, interview and documentation. It means that the reseacrher should use a suitable approach to manage the data.
39 John Berring. Case Study Principles and Practices, (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006), p.28
40 Sumadi Suryabrata, Metodologi Penelitian, (Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada, 2012), p.80
Data resources in this present research including the students’ translation result that act as the primary resource collected by test and Deep Structure technical devices as the secondary resource.
In this research, the researcher uses purposive sampling. It is done by taking the subject as the focus of the research, not based on the strata, random or region. It is based on the certain purpose. This technique is usually done by some of conciderations, for instance the limitation of time, energy, and donation.41 So the sample cannot be taken for more largely and furtherly. The subject that going to be focused in this research are the fifth students on English Education Study Program at State Islamic College (STAIN) Jurai Siwo Metro in academic year 2013/2014.
C. Data Collection Technique
Schatzman and Straus (1973) claim that qualitative data analysis primarily entails classifying things, persons,events and the properties which characterize them.42 In order to collect the data, the researcher uses some instruments. Data collecting technique is the most strategis steps in the research because the main aim
41 Suharsimi Arikunto, prosedur Penelitian; Suatu pendekatan Praktik, (Yogyakarta: Rineka Cipta, 2010), p. 183
42 John W. Creswell. Research Design Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches, (London: Sage Publication, 2003) p. 203
of this step is to get the data. The instruments used in organizing the research are as follows:
1. Test
Ary proposes that “Test are valuable in measuring instruments for educational research”43. It can be assumed that a test is one of the device to measure the students’
ability and achievement. Additionally, the researcher uses test as one of the data collection method to measure the students’ translation result in translating English into Indonesian text in the term of Deep Structure technical devices.
2. Interview
Esterberg (2002) states that interview is “a meeting of two persons to exchange information and idea through question and responses, resulting in communication and joint construction of meaning about a particular topic”.44 Therefore, it can be concluded that interview is the prominent source in case study. In this case, interview is used to get the data about the difficulties of the students in studying translation and is used as the secondary resource.
3. Documentation
Documentation is a script of past events. It can be written, picture, or monumental work from someone. Documentation is the complement instruments from the use of observation and interview method in qualitative research. In documentation case, Bogdan states “In most tradition of qualitative research, the
43 Donal Ary et.al, Introduction to Research in Education,(USA, Rinehart and Winston: 1979) p.179
44 Sugiyono. Metode Peneitian Kuantitatif Kualitatif dan R&D, (Bandung: Alfabeta, 2012), p. 231
phrase personal document is used broadly to refer to any first person narrative produced by an individual which describes his or her own actions, experience and belief.45
D. Data Analysis Technique
Analysis data in qualitative research is used when the data collecting is going on. According to Miles and Huberman (1984), maintain that the activity in qualitative data analysis is used interactively and pass off continously until complete, so the data have already saturated. The activity in analyzing the data, as follows: (1) data collection, it is the first step in conducting the researh where the researcher should gather the information as many as possible (2) data reduction means summarizing, choosing the main cases (3) data display is the presentation of the data that is done in a short essay, draft, relationship among the chategory, flowchart and etc., and (4) conclusion drawing/verifying in qualitative research is a new discovery that is never exist before.
It can be the description or picture about an object that in the previous is still overcast or unclear so when it has been observed, it becomes clear, it can also be a causal relationship or interactive, hypothesis or theory. The steps of analysis is shown by the figure below:46
Figure 3.1: the Component in Data Analysis (Interactive Model) by Miles and Huberman
45 Ibid, p. 240
46 Ibid, p. 246
E. Approach
In this research, the researcher uses naturalistic approach where the data collected are the real condition. The most important research is the subject or the students of fifth semester on English Education Study Program at State Islamic College (STAIN) of Jurai Siwo Metro in the academic year of 2013/2014. Case study is the research that basically diagnose the symptom on the subject researched and described them in narrative form.