RESEARCH METHOD
3.5 The Procedure of Collecting Data
The procedures of collecting data as follows:
1. Pre-test
Before reSsearcher giving a treatment, pre-test administrated the students by giving them some reading text. After giving the pre-test the next time the researcher gave the students treatment.
2. Treatment
The researcher gave the treatment to the students and gave some material that interesting to the students. Knowing the treatment of this research, the researcher conducts for four meetings and each meeting the students find different theme of the text. After giving the pre-test, the researcher gave the treatment for four meetings. By the following procedures:
a) The researcher gave greeting to the students to open the class b) The researcher gave motivation to the students
c) The students pay attention to the material presented by researcher d) The researcher divided the students into five groups
e) The researcher gave material about reading test
text
g) The researcher asks students to find the main idea of the story h) The students translated into their own language
i) The students wrote notes about what the main ideas in the story and sharing with the others
j) The students analyzed the story of the text that has been read and discuss with groups
k) The students summarized the reading text that has been given with the group using their own words
l) The students answered the question
m) The researcher invited one by one from the group‟s representatives to present a summary or conclusion of reading text and answer the questions in front of the class
n) The researcher would close the class.
3. Treatment of experiment a) The first Meeting
In the first meeting the researcher gave motivation about the importance of English to the students before giving material. After that researcher introduced the material or one of the techniques that can be used to improve reading comprehension namely REAP (Read, Encode, Annotate, and Ponder) technique. Then, researcher gave material about “Snow White”. And then, the researcher closed the meeting.
In the second meeting the researcher gave material about “True Friend”, to know the extent of the level to understanding the students in reading text after the application of the REAP (Read, Encode, Annotate, and Ponder) technique. After that, the researcher closed the meeting.
c) The third Meeting
In this meeting, researcher gave material about “The Rabbit and the Bear”, to know the extent of the level to understanding the students in reading text after the application of the REAP (Read, Encode, Annotate, and Ponder) technique. And then, the researcher closed the meeting.
d) The four Meeting
In this meeting the researcher gave material about “The Fox and the Cat” to know the extent of the level to understanding the students in reading text after the application of the REAP (Read, Encode, Annotate, and Ponder) technique. And then, the researcher closed the meeting.
4. Post-test
After giving the treatment, the researcher gave the students post-test to find the result of the treatment to measure students. Through REAP technique; the researcher gave some test reading text especially for narrative text.
5. Questionnaire
The researcher gave the questionnaire to find out the students‟ response in learning reading by using Read, Encode, Annotate, and Ponder (REAP) technique.
This questionnaire gave to the students in during the process of collecting data and they would choose answer based on their own decision.
The data is collected through the data analysis. This quantitative analysis employs statistical calculation to test the hypothesis. The data obtained from reading test it involves result of the student‟s assignment. To analyze the data from the result of the students of this research, some formulates apply in this research and the researcher uses formulas as follow:
1. Scoring the students‟ correct answer of pre-test and post-test by using a formula:
2. Classifying the score of the students into five levels as follows:
Table 3.2 Classification the students‟ reading comprehension
No Score Classification
1 80 – 100 Very Good
2 66 – 79 Good
3 56 – 65 Fair
4 40 – 55 Poor
5 ≤ 39 Very poor34
(Source: Dasar-dasar Evaluasi Pendidikan)
3. Finding out the mean score by using the following formula:
Where:
X = Means Score
Ʃ X = the total number of the score N = Total number of subjects35
34Suharsimi Arikunto, Dasar-dasar Evaluasi Pendidikan, Edition of Revision (Cet. X; Jakarta:
Bumi Aksara, 2009), p. 245.
35Suharsimi Arikonto, Dasar-Dasar Evaluasi Pendidikan, Edisi Revisi (Jakarta: Bumi Aksara, 2009), p. 298.
formula:
Where:
P = percentage F= frequency
N= total of number of sample36
5. Calculating the standard deviation of score by using the formula:37 Where:
√ ( ) SD = Standard deviation
Ʃ = The sum of score
(Ʃ ) = The square of the sum of score N = The total number of subject
6. Finding out the difference of the mean score between pretest and posttest by calculate the T-test value using the following formula:
√ ( )
( )
36Anas Sudijon, Pengantar Statistik Pendidikan (Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada, 2006), p.43.
37Gay.L.R. Educational research: Competencies for Analysis and Application Eight Edition, 2006, p. 297-298.
T = test of significance
D = the mean score of difference (X1-X2) ƩD = the sum of the total score
ƩD2 = the square of the sum score of difference N = the total sample.
7. The formula of questionnaire
a) To know the students responses, the researcher give the questionnaire to the students.
The questionnaire of this research employs 20 questions which consist 10 positive and 10 negative statements. The statements about using to improve students‟
reading comprehension. The percentage of the students answer by using REAP technique formula of liker scale as followed:
Table 3.3 the percentage of the students‟ answer by using liker scale below:
POSITIVE STATEMENT NEGATIVE STATEMENT
Category Score Category Score
Strongly Agree (SA) 4 Strongly Agree (SA) 1
Agree (A) 3 Agree (A) 2
Disagree (D) 2 Disagree (D) 3
Strongly Disagree (SD) 1 Strongly Disagree (SD) 438 Therefore if a student answer the ten positive statements with strongly agree and with all ten negative ones with strongly disagree can get 80 and if a student answer the ten positive statements with strongly disagree and ten negative statement
38L.R. Gay. Educational Research Competences for Analysis and Application, Second Edition (Columbus: Charles E. Merill Publishing Company, 1981), p. 331.
the interval was used to determine category is 100:4=25.
b) The rating score of response category as followed:
Table 3.4 the followed interpretation criteria for the score based on intervals:
No. Category Number
1 Very Responsive (very positive) 75% - 100%
2 Responsive (positive) 50% - 74.99%
3 Did not Responsive (negative) 25% - 49.99%
4 Very not Responsive (very negative) 0% - 24.99%39 8. Hypothesis Statistic
In principle, the hypothesis being tested is the statistical hypthesis which describes the research hypothsis, the actual hypothesis tested in the study is the statistical hypothesis. Statistical hypotheses are derived from research hypotheses.
the hypothesis is as followes:
H0: μx – μy = 0 Ha: μx – μy ≠ 0
39Riduan dan Akdon, Rumus dan Data dalam Analisis Statistika, p.18.
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FINDING AND DISCUSSION
This chapter consisted of two sections; they are findings of the research and discussion of the findings. The researcher analyzed the data that is obtained through the result of pre-test and the result of post-test. The finding of the research deals with the percentage and frequency of the students‟ mean score and the test of significance the discussion deals with the explanation about findings.