THE IMPORTANCE OF TYPE AND SPECIFICATION OF DOOR ON BIOSAFETY LABORATORY
C. TYPE OF DOOR OPENING
Apart from all the guides, it is tough to prevent incoming contamination. In practice, even with adequately operated ventilation systems, contamination can still migrate, which may have adverse human health effects.
A critical factor, which can cause contamination to migrate between rooms although there is a pressure difference is the operational door. The problem is even more important if the door is frequently used. The opening of the door immediately causes the equilibrium pressure between the rooms. Moreover, it is proved that the swinging door keeps the air masses from both sides together, especially on the top edge of the door wing, while the airflow difference, which protects the room when the door opens, too low to direct it. Airflow moves when the door open (Hendiger, Chludzińska, & Ziętek, 2016).
In architecture, there are several types of door openings, including swing and sliding, in the application in the laboratory, the type of swing and sliding openings, as well as the direction of swing and sliding openings greatly affect the air pressure inside the room. In this volume, it will be inside how the effects of each use and application of each type of door.
Table 2. Doors system for Laboratorium specification Source: personal documents of the author, 2017.
TYPE OF DOOR OPENING
SWING SLIDING
OPEN IN OPEN OUT INSIDE ROOM OUTSIDE ROOM
Air pressure is depressed
inward Air pressure is pushed
out Tend to be stable, minimum air pressure due to door operation.
Uncensored manual opening Allows using door opening and closer with sensor Figure 2. Door open in
Source: documents of the author, 2017.
Figure 3. Door open out Source: documents of
the author, 2017.
Figure 4. Door open slide outside room Source: documents of the
author, 2017.
Figure 5. Door open slide inside room Source: documents of the
author, 2017.
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Standard Door closer
Space for swing is circulation area Requires free space for door position when open When in and out of carrying goods or trolleys are
less effective and efficient Facilitate when in and out of carrying goods or trolley with the use of sensor opening
Minimal influence on the outer space or corridor area
Affects the activity of space or outside corridor
Minimal influence on the outer space or corridor area
In accordance with the standard in theory
Not recommended in the standard.
Allow for use in laboratory biosafety
Minimize collisions when one comes in carrying chemicals.
Chemicals and suspects enter from
Passtroughbox
The wall as a door opening space cannot be used
When the emergency, the opening into the difficult self-saving from within
When emergency, easy in self-saving, and easy to the emergency shower
Needs attention concerning open and closed sensor system in case of emergency and self-saving. If the emergency sensor works well, the ease in self-saving.
Air pressure due to door
movement leads inward Air pressure due to door movement leads out
Minimal pressure and vibration when opening and closing
Figure 6. Swing Door open in layout Source: documents of
the author, 2017.
Figure 7. Swing Door open out layout Source: documents of
the author, 2017.
Figure 8. Sliding Door open inside layout Source: documents of
the author, 2017.
Figure 9. Sliding Door open outside layout Source: documents of
the author, 2017.
Figure 10. Airflow of swing door opening in
effect
Source: documents of the author, 2017.
Figure 10. Airflow of swing door opening
out effect Source: documents of
the author, 2017.
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Recommended for
negative pressure Recommended for
positive pressure It is recommended for both negative and positive pressure
In the outer space groove cleaner and less
contamination than in the laboratory (research Lab in the field of disease, virus, bacteria) to protect the outside area
In the deeper clearance of the chamber and minimal contamination than outside the laboratory (in-stemcell lab research) protects the inner area
On any space groove
It takes space wall on the side of the bigger door Different types of doors cause changes of layout and size of the room
The translation of the laboratory system does not mean right or wrong, but the most appropriate use fits the operational objectives of the biosafety laboratory itself, that affect each other between the extent available and the result of the selection of door system applications generating the larger extent.
Figure 11. Layout Laboratorium with swing door open out Source: personal documents of the author, 2017.
In addition to research, the type of swing openings towards the outside effect on the space required will be enlarged in the area outside (Figure 11).
Doors of this type of openings cannot be applied to the biosafety laboratory area with outer space in the form of hallways or common corridors as it will allow the occurrence of work accidents while in and out of laboratory areas especially when carrying trolleys or chemicals. This type of openings when applied, requires the completion of the design, such as with the door opening space in the form of a special space overdraft, or with a special corridor, which with the completion of this requires more space (Figure 12).
Figure 12. Exterior corridors as adjoining addition to open door swing openings Source: personal documents of the author, 2017.
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Figure 13. Different staining on the swing space area Source: http://cleanroomsindia.com/Modular-Clean-Room.html
This type of open-door swing openings allows for application to biosafety laboratories within the laboratory at lower levels or within the general laboratory area. With the completion of different colouring in the swing space area and of course the corresponding signage with the SOP (Figure 13). Further explanation of the flow that allows the use of open swing doors in the laboratory area located within the general laboratory will create a specific space and path program (Figure 14).
Figure 14. Spatial program and biosafety laboratory groove in general laboratory or lower level laboratory allowing the use of open swing door openings
Source: personal documents of the author, 2017.
Doors with sliding systems, some positive things in the sliding doors should be considered in their use in biosafety laboratories. Sliding doors provide ease, efficiency than swing doors, with the use of open and closed sensors allowing researchers to enter the room without touching the door handle so that the condition of the researcher is more hygienic when they have put on laboratory clothes to the laboratory area. Sliding door type is very effective when placed in the anteroom area towards the laboratory suite (Figure 15,16,17).
Figure 15. Sliding Door Source:
https://www.logismarket.fr/dit ec/porte-automatique-pour-
pietons/2128831558- 2346645950-p.html
Figure 16. Sliding Door Source:
https://www.terrauniversal.com/cleanrooms /automatic-cleanroom-doors
Figure 17. the effect of Swing Door for
laboratory Source:
http://www.medicalexp o.com/
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Sliding doors also have disadvantages regarding space constraints, required a wider side wall, so the wall can't be utilized for placement of laboratory equipment, or other equipment that rests on walls such as sink (Figure 15). But this side wall can be used for the placement of windows with wide openings (figure 16). By this side that should be the receiver of the door on the type of swing door can be utilised. Furthermore, it will affect the extent of space generated from the selection of doors with the sliding system. On a pilot comparison of the size of the room resulting from the use of swing and sliding doors, resulting in a larger intermediary space so that the laboratory suite space becomes smaller. On the other hand the use of the door swing, intermediate space is more effective and can be maximised in the biosafety laboratory suite (figure 18,19). With the use of opening sensors and door closers, it is necessary to analyse the application of automatic door system with sensor system specific security standards for the laboratory. Who has a sensor code, and how to rescue in case of emergency or work accident in the laboratory
Figure 18. Comparison of differences in area resulting from swing and sliding doors Source: personal documents of the author, 2017.
This comparison is important to fulfil the needs and objectives of the biosafety laboratory operations, the location of planning, and space constraints.
Regarding the necessity of a laboratory has a pair of doors with a self-closing system, and if one door opens, the next door cannot open that serves to control the air pressure (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and National Institutes of Health, 2009). Basically, every type of door allows using self-closing doors. Both Swing and Sliding can use self-closing, both manual and with the sensor. However, it should be noted for human sensors; a safety code "For the workers only" should still be given.
Figure 19. Comparison of differences in area resulting from swing and sliding doors Source: personal documents of the author, 2017.
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This comparison is important to fulfil the needs and objectives of the biosafety laboratory operations, the location of planning, and space constraints.
Regarding the necessity of a laboratory has a pair of doors with a self-closing system, and if one door opens, the next door cannot open that serves to control the air pressure (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and National Institutes of Health, 2009). Basically, every type of door allows using self-closing doors. Both Swing and Sliding can use self-closing, both manual and with the sensor. However, it should be noted for human sensors; a safety code "For the workers only" should still be given.