29 1962:278). The present species has been referred to Vargula
Slope 46. USNM 193892, ovigerous female on slide and in alcohol
DISTRIBUTION.—Slope 39. 600 m. Slope 45. 800 m. Slope 46. 720 m.
DESCRIPTION OF ADULT FEMALE (Figures 14,15. 110*).—
Carapace oval in lateral view, without distinct concavity where posterior edge of shell joins caudal process (Figure lAa.cM).
Incisur at about valve midheight.
Infold: Rostral infold with about 70 divided bristles (some represented by empty sockets in Figure 146); 2 unequal divided bristles at inner end of incisur. Narrow list with anterior end just ventral to incisur (Figure 146) continues along ventral margin, then broadens slightly to form anterior edge of caudal process (Figure 14c//). About 100 divided bristles along anteroventral and ventral list to point near ventral end of caudal process.
Broad list along anterior edge of caudal process with about 20 minute bristles emerging from flaring pores (7 bristles shown in Figure \4d). Anteroventral infold between list and inner margin with 18-24 divided bristles (not all shown in Figure 146). Left valve of USNM 193892 with 3 bristles between list and valve edge just anterior to caudal process. Edge of valve posterior to caudal process with 20 minute pores (6 shown in Figure \4d).
Selvage: Narrow lamellar prolongation with smooth outer edge present along anterior edge of rostrum and anterior half of dorsal edge of incisur. Prolongation wide along ventral edge of incisur men narrows at point near anterior end of incisur, narrow prolongation along anteroventral margin of valve with minute spines along outer edge; prolongation along ventral margin of valve broad with indistinct striations or spines in inner half and with smooth or minutely denticulate outer edge;
selvage terminates at ventral end of caudal process (Figure 14c); caudal process and posterior valve margin dorsal to caudal process without selvage. Space between ventral valve edge and base of selvage wider on right valve (at valve midlength base of selvage about midway between valve edge and list on right valve, but just within valve edge on left valve)
(posterior end of base of selvage of right valve shown in Figure 14c).
Central Adductor Muscle Attachments (Figure 14*): Com- prising about 14 ovoid attachments.
Carapace Size (length, height in mm): Slope 39: 2.11, 1.38. Slope 45: 2 specimens, 2.33, 1.53. Slope 46: holotype, 2.30, 1.50; USNM 193892, 2.33, 1.58. Height 65%-68% of length.
First Antenna (Figure 14/): 1st joint bare; joints 2-4 with abundant spines. 3rd and 4th joints each with 2 spinous bristles (1 ventral, 1 dorsal). Sensory bristle of 5th joint with 11 or 12 filaments (10 stout proximal, 1 or 2 slender distal) and bifurcate tip. Medial bristle of 6th joint short bare with base near joint midwidth. 7th joint: a-bristle slightly longer than bristle of 6th joint, with few spines; b-bristle about xb longer than a-bristle, with small proximal filament; c-bristle about 'A longer than sensory bristle of 5th joint, with 9 marginal filaments and bifurcate tip. 8th joint: d- and e-bristles about !/3 longer than b-bristle, bare with blunt tips; f-bristle slightly shorter than c-bristle, with 9 filaments (some with spines) and bifurcate tip;
g-bristle same length as c-bristle, with 9 marginal filaments (some with spines) and bifurcate tip.
Second Antenna (Figure 14g-i): Protopodite with short spinous medial bristle (Figure \4gjk, 110*). Endopodite 3-jointed (Figure 14/t): 1st joint with 4 bare proximal bristles (1 long, 3 short) and 1 long spinous distal bristle; 2nd joint elongate with distal bristle about same length as 3rd joint; 3rd joint about same length as 2nd, with long terminal filament about twice length of stem (only small proximal part shown in Figure 14A). Exopodite: 1st joint with few spines along concave dorsal margin; 2nd joint with spines on ventral and dorsal margins and distal dorsal comer (Figure 140; bristle of 2nd joint reaching 9th joint, with 14 stout ventral spines; bristle of 3rd joint with about 27 proximal slender hair-like ventral spines and distal natatory hairs; bristles of joints 4-8 with natatory hairs, no spines; 9th joint with 3 bristles (1 long and 1 medium with natatory hairs, 1 short with short spines); joints 3-8 with basal spines increasing in length on distal joints;
spine of 8th joint longer than 9th joint; lateral spine of 9th joint about l'/2 times length of joint; joints 2-8 with minute spines in row along distal dorsal comer.
Mandible (Figure \SaJb): Coxale endite with 2 terminal spines stouter than other spines, but about same length; minute peg between terminal spines; small unringed bristle present at base of endite (Figure 15a). Basale: medial surface with abundant spines; ventral margin with 2 small a-bristles, 1 b-bristle, 2 c -bristles, and 2 d-bristles (longer with long proximal and short distal spines) (Figure 15a); dorsal margin with 1 bristle near midlength and 2 subterminal, all with short spines. Exopodite spinous, about same length as dorsal margin of 1st endopodial joint, with 2 subterminal bristles (distal shorter) (Figure 15a). 1st endopodial joint with 4 ventral bristles (1 long with long proximal and short distal spines, 1 long and 1 short with short spines, 1 minute) and few terminal
FIGURE 14.—Vargula stranx, new species, ovigerous female, paratype, USNM 193892: a, complete specimen from left side showing locations of left lateral eye, central adductor muscle attachments, and 3 eggs; b, anterior, left valve, iv; c, posterior, right valve, iv (bristles not shown); d, detail from c; e, central adductor muscle attachments of right valve, ov, anterior to right; / , left 1st antenna, mv (bristles of 8th joint not shown); g, left lateral eye and part of left 2nd antenna, mv; h, protopodite and endopodite of right 2nd antenna, mv; i, part of exopodite of left 2nd antenna, mv; j , right lateral eye; k, medial eye and Bellond organ; /, left Y-sclerite and left genital organ with attached spermatophore.
(bristles of 3rd endopodial joint not shown); b, tip of right mandiMe, mv; c, right maxilla, mv (endopodite twisted;
not all bristles shown); d, part of right Sth limb, av; e, part of left Sth limb, pv;/, left 6th limb, mv, g, 7th limb;
h, upper lip and anterior process (arrow indicates anterior), i. ovigerous female, holotype, right lamella of furca.
32 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
dorsal spines. 2nd endopodial joint: ventral margin with 2 single ringed bristles and 2 terminal ringed paired pointed bristles of similar length and width; dorsal margin with 5 long spinous bristles and 9 or 10 short bristles (short bristle near 2nd long bristle with stout spines) (Figure 15a); medial and ventral surfaces spinous. 3rd endopodial joint with 3 claws (dorsal claw bare, others with proximal teeth) and 4 ringed bristles (dorsal lateral bristle with pointed tip) (Figure 156).
Maxilla (Figure 15c): Endite I with 10 or 11 spinous bristles; endite II with 5 spinous bristles; endite III with 1 bare proximal bristle (Figure 15c) and 5 spinous terminal bristles (1 slender ringed, others stout). Coxale with spinous dorsal bristle.
Basale with 2 bristles (1 short ventral, 1 longer closer to midwidth) (Figure 15c). Exopodite well developed, with 1 proximal spinous bristles and 2 terminal bristles (inner with stout base and long marginal hairs, outer slender with short spines) (Figure 15c). 1st endopodial joint spinous, with 1 long alpha-bristle with long spines, 2 beta-bristles (longer pectinate, shorter bare), and narrow cutting tooth with single cusp (in Figure 15c the endopodite is twisted resulting in cutting tooth appearing to be on anterior rather than posterior corner). 3rd endopodial joint obscured, with 4 slender bare ringed a-bristles and about 2 ringed b-bristles, 3 ringed c-bristles, and 3 d-bristles (1 ringed, 2 unringed claw-like pectinate).
Fifth Limb (Figure \5d,e): Three endites very close together (bristles could not be counted). Protopodial tooth short slender (Figure I5d). 1st exopodial joint: main tooth with small bare tooth and 6 pectinate teeth (Figure 15e); stout bare bristle proximal to small bare tooth; anterior side with row of 3 bristles with long proximal hairs (2 longer bristles pectinate distally), and 1 bristle (with long proximal spines) closer to protopodial tooth. 2nd exopodial joint with 4 pectinate unringed a-bristles, 3 ringed pectinate b'-bristles, 4 ringed pectinate b*-bristles, 1 posterior c -bristle with long proximal hairs and short distal spines, and 1 anterior d-bristle with long proximal spines. 3rd exopodial joint hirsute (Figure 15e): inner lobe with 1 proximal bristle with long proximal hairs and short distal spines and 1 terminal bristle with short spines; outer lobe with 2 terminal bristles (outer with long proximal and short distal spines, inner with short spines). 4th and 5th exopodial joints hirsute, fused, with stout spinous process between joints (detail in Figure 15*); 4th joint with 1 spinous bristle, 5th joint with 2. Note:
inner lobe of 3rd joint of USNM 193892 unusual for genus in having 2 rather than 3 bristles; whether this is aberration or typical for species must await study of additional specimens.
Sixth Limb (Figure 15/): With 3 or 4 fairly long bare epipodial bristles. Endite I with 0-2 small spinous medial bristles and 1 long spinous terminal bristle; endite II with 3 or 4 small spinous medial bristles and 2 long spinous terminal bristles; endite III with 3 spinous terminal bristles (middle shorter); endite IV with 1 spinous medial bristle and 1 longer spinous terminal bristle. End joint with 7 spinous bristles followed by space and then 3 plumose bristles (anterior of 3 with small spines distally). Limb hirsute.
Seventh Limb (Figure 15g): USNM 193892: one limb with 11 bristles (terminal group with 3 bristles on peg side and 2 on comb side, each with 3-5 bells; proximal group with 4 bristles on peg side and 2 on comb side, each with 3 bells); other limb with 11 bristles (terminal group with 3 bristles on each side, each with 3-5 bells (1 bristle on each side longer and with 5 bells); proximal group with 3 on peg side and 2 on comb side, each with 3 bells). Comb with 2 short flat-tipped teeth on each side of 5 longer teeth with rounded tips. Single spinous peg opposite comb. Right limb of specimen from Slope 39 with 11 bristles (terminal group with 3 bristles on peg side and 4 on comb side, each with 3-5 bells; proximal group with 2 bristles on each side, each with 3 bells). Right limb of specimen from Slope 45 with 13 bristles (terminal group with 3 bristles on each side; proximal group with 4 bristles on peg side and 3 on comb side).
Furca (Figure 15/): Each lamella with 9 claws; claws 2 and 4 nonarticulated; claw 3 slenderer than claw 4; all claws with teeth along posterior edge; claw 1 with teeth in medial row larger distally, stouter than distal teeth of lateral row along posterior edge; right lamella anterior to left by width of base of claw 1; anterior margin of lamellae with slender spines.
Bellonci Organ (Figure \4k): Cylindrical with pointed process at tip.
Eyes: Lateral eyes small but distinct and visible through shell, with 4 or 5 large divided ommatidia and scattered brown pigment between ommatidia (Figure \4a,g,j). Medial eye indistinct, unpigmented (Figure 14i).
Upper Lip (Figure 15/»): Anterior part oriented anteroven- trally, with large widely separated glandular openings. Paired posterior part with 2 fairly short tusks, each with 4 or 5 distal glandular openings and without hairs; a thin suture (better developed on inner side) divides each tusk into slightly broader proximal part and longer distal part (suture indicated by dashed line in Figure I5h).
Genitalia (Figure 14/): Oval with attached spermatophore on each side of body near Y-sclerite.
Anterior of Body (Figure I5h): With rounded anterior process dorsal to upper lip.
Posterior of Body: Evenly rounded, bare.
Y-Sclerite (Figure 14/): Typical for genus.
Number of Eggs: Slope 39: specimen with 11 eggs in marsupium (length of 1 egg 0.38 mm) and much smaller unextruded eggs. Slope 46: USNM 193892 with 17 eggs in marsupium (length of 2 typical eggs, 0.40 mm, 0.42 mm) (3 eggs within carapace shown in Figure 14a).
COMPARISONS.—Vargula stranx is compared below with omer species of Vargula having small lateral eyes with fewer than 5 ommatidia. The carapace of V. stranx does not have a slight concavity dorsal to the caudal process present on the carapaces of many but not all V. hex. The rostral infold of V.
stranx has about 70 bristles compared to about 22 for V. hex and 15 or 16 for V. ascensus. The tusks of the upper lip of V. hex, V. antarctica, and V. ascensus are much longer than those of V!
33 stranx. The 7th limbs of V. hex, V. antarctica, and V. ascensus
bear 24-30 bristles compared to only 11 on V. stranx. The medial bristle of the subterminal pair on the ventral margin of the 2nd endopodial joint of the mandible of V. stranx differs from those of V. hex and V. ascensus in being ringed and not broader than the lateral bristle. The carapace of V. stranx resembles that of V. stathme except for being slightly larger (2.11-2.33 mm compared to 1.95 mm). The 7th limb of V.
stathme has 19 or 20 bristles compared to 11 on V. stranx.
Vargula stathme also differs from V. stranx in having fewer bristles (16, not about 70) on the rostral infold and shorter epipodial bristles on the 6th limb. Vargula stranx differs from many species of the genus in having an unusually long 3rd joint relative to the length of the 2nd joint on the endopodite of the 2nd antenna (the 3rd joint is about the same length as the 2nd in V. stranx and shorter than the 2nd in many other species of the genus).
Vargula trifax, new species
FIGURES 16-20, UOop
ETYMOLOGY.—From the Latin trifax (a kind of spear).
HOLOTYPE.—Ovigerous female in alcohol in collection of the Museum of Victoria.
TYPE LOCALITY.—Slope 40, 38°17.7O/S, 149°11.30/E, S of Point Hicks, Victoria; depth 400 m.
PARATYPES.—Slope 1: USNM 193905, ovigerous female on slide and in alcohol; 2 ovigerous females and 1 adult female (with female choniostomatid copepod and 2 choniostomatid ovisacs in marsupium) in alcohol; 3 adult females without eggs and 9 specimens (mostly juveniles) in alcohol. Slope 22: adult male in alcohol. Slope 40,40 specimens (mostly juveniles but including 3 ovigerous females) in alcohol. Slope 56, USNM 193948, 1 adult male on slide and in alcohol; 4 specimens in alcohol.
DISTRIBUTION.—Slope 1,204 m. Slope 22,363 m. Slope 40, 400 m. Slope 56,429 m. Known depth range 204-429 m.
DESCRIPTION OF ADULT FEMALE (Figures \6-\9a-e, HOo).—Carapace with small rostrum with lateral bulge (Figure \6a,b) and tubular caudal process. Height about 70%
of length.
Infold: Rostral infold with 9-12 divided bristles forming row parallel to anterior edge of rostrum, about 6 divided bristles on or ventral to list, 8 smaller divided bristles posterior to row of longer bristles, and 2 long divided bristles posterior to smaller bristles; inner end of incisur with a pair of divided bristles (Figure 16b). Anteroventral infold with 1-3 small bristles near incisur, 1 small bristle near inner margin of infold, and on right valve about 38 divided spinous bristles forming row extending along anterior 73 of valve (posterior 23 of these along subdued indistinct wavy list), and on left valve about 82 bristles in row extending full length of ventral margin (bristles more widely separated in posterior half of row; along anterior
lh of valve most bristles along subdued indistinct wavy list); 2 bristles present dorsal to row of bristles in vicinity of bristles number 8 to 12 counting from anterior end of row. Broad sclerotized ridge along inner margin of posteroventral and posterior infold with 34 stout spines, some bifurcate; ridge narrows ventrally and continues along ventral margin of valve as bare narrow ridge along inner edge of infold. Ventral end of spinous part of ridge without closure as on V. trifax (Figure 11/t) and is similar to ridge of V. tubulata (Poulsen, 1962, fig. 98c); dorsal end of ridge broad, triangular, with few small spines, and left valve with lip absent on right valve (Figures 16c, 17a). Infold of caudal process posterior to list with straight line and numerous minute pores (not all shown); 6-8 minute bristles just within posterior edge of caudal process. On left valve only list along middle 2/3 of ventral margin strongly crenulate; and in this area bristles not on list but about midway between list and valve edge (Figure 16V/).
Carapace Size (length, height in mm): Slope 1: USNM 193905, 5.2, 3.7; 5 specimens: 5.3, 3.7; 5.2, 3.5; 5.1, 3.5; 5.0, 3.6; length only, 5.2. Slope 40: 5.0, 3.2 (holotype). Height 67%-72% of length.
First Antenna (Figure 16>): 1st joint bare. 2nd joint with ventral, dorsal, medial, and lateral spines. 3rd joint with 2 bristles (ventral subterminal or terminal, dorsal 'A to lfa joint length from proximal end) with short spines, neither bristle reaching distal edge of 4th joint 4th joint with 2 terminal bristles (dorsal bristle reaching middle of 6th joint, ventral about twice as long) with short spines. Sensory bristle of 5th joint with 9 stout proximal filaments, 3 slender distal filaments, and bifurcate tip. Medial bristle of 6th joint with short spines.
7th joint: a-bristle longer man bristle of 6th joint, with short spines; b-bristle with 3 or 4 filaments; c-bristle with 10 marginal filaments (most with spines) and bifurcate tip. 8th joint with minute papilla proximal to base of d-bristle; d- and e-bristles about same length as b-bristle, bare with blunt tips;
f-bristle about same length as c-bristle, with 9 marginal filaments (most with spines) and bifurcate tip; g-bristle slightly longer than c-bristle, with 10 marginal filaments (most with spines) and bifurcate tip.
Second Antenna: Medial bristle of protopodite short with few indistinct spines (Figure HO0). Endopodite 3-jointed (Figure lib): 1st joint with 4 bare proximal bristles (1 long, 3 short) and 1 long spinous distal bristle; 2nd joint with terminal bristle shorter than length of joint; 3rd joint with long terminal filament Exopodite: bristle of 2nd joint reaching past 9th joint, with 13 stout ventral spines; bristles of joints 3-8 and 4 bristles (3 long, 1 short) of 9th joint with natatory hairs, no spines;
joints 2-8 with basal spines stouter on distal joints; spine of 8th