CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
H. Instrument of Research
To collect the data, this study used documentation, observation and test as the instrument. They are as follows;
1. Documentation
Documentation is the tools to gain the data. The researcher uses the documentation to take a picture during teaching and learning process and the result of the students’ sketch. Additonaly, the
researcher uses documentation list of student’s, lesson plan, and syllabus.
2. Observation checklist
Observation is the tools to investigate and observe the implementation of visualization strategy when teaching and learning process is acquiring. There are two kinds of observation those are for students and teachers. Both observations are used to know the behavior, attitude and activity between teacher and students inside the classroom.
Observation checklist would be filled by the English teacher as the observer by giving checklist sign based on real condition in the class. The teacher and students’ activities that would be reference in observation checklist as follows;
a. Teachers’ observation checklist
The observation checklist was adapted from Ratna Dyah Anggraini 27
Table 3.1
Teacher observation checklist
No Activities Score
1 2 3 4 1. Teacher greet the students
2. Teacher check the students’ attendance 3. Teacher divided into small group
27Ratna Dyah Anggraini“Improving The Students Reading Comprehension Ability Through Visualization Strategy, (Thesis, Faculty Of Language And Arts, Yogyakarta State University, Yogyakarta, 2014) p, 137
4. Teacher read the text while giving the example how to visualize the text
5. Teacher allow the students to asked the question related to the material that they have not understand
6. Teacher ask students to answer question 7. Teacher ask students to share their perception
and compared to the other group
8. Teacher infers the material of reading with students
Total score Percentage of activities
Category
Note:
Score 4: Excellent Score 3: Good Score 2: Sufficient Score 1: Less
The score is gained from teacher activities which include greeting students, checking students’ attendance, divide students into small group, reading a passage while giving the example how to visualize the text, teacher allow students to ask question if they do not understand about the lesson, teacher ask students to answer the question, teacher ask students to share their perception and compared to the other group and teacher drawing the infers of content in reading with students. The percentage getting from formula in following
Percentage of activities = Number of teacher activities
Score max × %
From the formula above, the teacher can analyze the researcher participant as following:
1) Excellent
The aspect of activity that was observed above reaches out for 100 %.
2) Good
The aspect of activity that was observed above reaches out for about 74 % from overall percentage 100%.
3) Sufficient
The aspect of activity that was observed above reaches out for about 49% from overall percentage 100%.
4) Less
The aspect of activity that was observed above reaches out for about 24% from overall percentage 100%.
b. Students’ observation checklist Table 3.228
Students’ observation checklist
No Activities Score
1 2 3 4 1. Students respond teacher greeting
2. Students make small group
3. Students get opportunities to asked question 4. Students start to read the text given
5. Students try to comprehend the text by using visualization strategy
6. Students answer question
7. Students share their perception and compared to the other group
28 ibid
8. Students conclude the content of reading with teacher
Total score Percentage of activities
Category
Note:
Score 4 = Excellent Score 3 = Good Score 2 = Sufficient Score 1 = Less
The total score is acquired from the score students’
activities which include students respond teacher greeting, students make small group, students get opportunities to asked question, students start read the text and try to comprehend it, students answer question, students share their perception with the other group and students conclude the content of reading with teacher.
The percentage getting from formula in following
Percentage of activities = Number ofstudentsactivities
Score max × %
Based on the explanation above, the teacher can analyze the students’ participant as following:
1) Excellent
The aspect of activity that was observed above reaches out for 100 %.
2) Good
The aspect of activity that was observed above reaches out for about 74 % from overall percentage 100%.
3) Sufficient
The aspect of activity that was observed above reaches out for about 49% from overall percentage 100%.
4) Less
The aspect of activity that was observed above reaches out for about 24% from overall percentage 100%.
3. Test
The purpose of this test is to measure students’
accomplishment and capability of the individual or group in cognitive aspect. For instance, measure students’ knowledge, intelligent, competence and their ability in reading. A test is useful to know the students’ achievement in understanding material which is given by teacher. In this study the researcher used recount text and descriptive text then the students tried to use drawing and labeling to increase students’ comprehension and motivation. The researcher asked students guessing the meaning of new vocabulary from the text and construct the meaning using sketch to improve students ‘vocabulary mastery. The English teacher of MTs Ishlahul Muslimin would help
the researcher as a collaborator in designing the test. There are some aspects that would be assessed in this test as follow:
Table 3.3
Reading comprehension assessment29 Aspects Excellent
(3)
Good (2)
Sufficient (1) Identify main
idea of the text
The students identify main idea in whole text and in one paragraph
The students identify main idea in whole text
The students identify main idea in one paragraph Vocabulary The students
can find 7-10 vocabulary and understand the meaning
The students can find 4-6 vocabulary and understand the meaning
The students can find 1-3 vocabulary and understand the meaning
Detail information
The students can find detail
information in text and in one paragraph
The students
can find
enough detail information in text
The students can find detail information only in one paragraph
If the students reach the score more than 80 means that the students already successful in learning reading using visualization strategy during teaching and learning process. The valuation criteria for students are provided with the table below:
Table 3.4
Level of Students’ Individual Achievement30
No Score Level
29P. David Pearson, “The Assessment of Reading Comprehension: A Review of Practices-Past, Present, and Future”,( Article, Research Gate, January 2005), p. 21
30 level of Students Individual achievement at MTs Ishlahul Muslimin Senteluk,
interview, Senteluk on March 2020 from the English Teacher
1. 81 – 100 Excellent
2. 75 – 80 Good
3. 69 – 45 Sufficient
The researcher will use formula below to compute the score of student from the aspects that have been explained before such as:
a) Students score
X = Student score x 100 Max score
b) Students average score M = ∑X
N Note:
X = Value M = Average
∑X = Score of all students n = Students total31 I. Indicator of Success
The category of students successful in this research is when they are passed the grade of KKM. The passing grade of English lesson at MTs Ishlahul Muslimin is 70. The researcher expected that there were at least 85% students who passed the grade of KKM. It means this research already successful to improve students’ reading comprehension
31 Sugiono, Statistik Untuk Penlitian, Bandung: CV, Alphabeta 2007, p. 49