6
h#H2 eXR, S`K2i2`b Q7 P#bi`m+iBQM 1MpB`QMK2Mi a+2M`BQ
3DUDPHWHU 9DOXH
,((( ӆҾӀҿҿD 7UDQVPLVVLRQ 5DQJH XS WRjyyP 1XPEHU RI 9HKLFOHV ky @ Ryy
6LPXODWLRQ $UHD 8yyP [8yyP 2EVWUXFWLRQ +HLJKW Ry @ kyP
$YHUDJH /RZ 9HKLFOH 9HORFLW\ jyNPK
$YHUDJH +LJK 9HKLFOH 9HORFLW\ dyNPK
6LPXODWLRQ 7LPH kyyV
1XPEHU RI 'ULYLQJ /DQHV k 'DWD 5DWH 0RGHO &%5890ESV
3DFNHW 6L]H 8Rk%\WH
6B;m`2 eXR, AKT+i Q7 P#bi`m+iBQMb BM GQr aT22/
ӄӆ
LQFOXGHV WKH H[LVWHQFH RI DQ REVWUXFWLRQ DQG FRPSDUHV WR WKH GDVKHG OLQH ZKLFK LOOXVWUDWHV WKH SHUIRUPDQFH ZLWKRXW DQ REVWUXFWLRQ ЍLV HYDOXDWLRQ DSSOLHV WZR VSHHGV ӁҾ NPK WKDW UHЛHFWV WKH ORZ VSHHG DQG ӅҾ NPK LQ D ODUJH FLW\ LV FRQVLGHUHG DV WKH KLJK VSHHG ЍH KLJKHVW REWDLQHG 3'5 ZLWK DQ REVWUXFWLRQ LQ WKH ORZ VSHHG LV ӀҾұ ZKLFK LV FRQVLGHUDEO\ ORZ ЍLV ORZ 3'5 LV FDXVHG E\ WKH RYHUSDVV FRQVWUXFWLRQ DQG EXLOGLQJV ЍH RYHUSDVV FRQVWUXFWLRQ ZKLFK LV DGGHG EHWZHHQ WZR GLϯHUHQW OHYHOV RI URDGV EORFN WKH VLJQDO UHFHSWLRQ SDUWLDOO\ ЍXV WKH WUDGLWLRQDO SRVLWLRQ IRUZDUGLQJ VFKHPH KDV D GLϲFXOW\ WR ИQG WKH ΝXQGHWHFWHGΝ YHKLFOHV ZKLFK LV ORFDWHG XQGHU WKH RYHUSDVV ЍH (Ӏ( GHOD\V VKRZQ IURP ӃӃ PV WR ӅҾ PV ZKLFK LQGL FDWH WKDW WKH QXPEHU RI YHKLFOHV LQFUHDVH WKH WLPH QHHGHG IRU IRUZDUGLQJ WKH SDFNHW ЍH LQFUHDVHG GHOD\ RFFXUV GXH WR WKH GHFLVLRQ SURFHVV RI WKH LQWHU PHGLDWH YHKLFOH ЍLV GHOD\ LV WKH FRPPRQ LVVXH LQ WKH WUDGLWLRQDO SRVLWLRQ EDVHG IRUZDUGLQJ VFKHPH )RU H[DPSOH WKH GHOD\ ZLOO LQFUHDVH ZKHQ WKHUH LV QR LQWHUPHGLDWH YHKLFOH WKDW IXOИOOV WKH UHTXLUHPHQW
ЍH VHFRQG VHW RI UHVXOWV LQ )LJXUH ӄӀ VKRZV WKH QHWZRUN SHUIRUPDQFH ZKLFK LV VLPXODWHG XQGHU WKH VSHHG RI ӅҾ NPKЍH 3'5 ZLWK WKH LPSDFW REVWUXFWLRQ VKRZV RQO\ ӀӃұ ЍH VLPLODU UHDVRQ DV GHVFULEHG SUHYLRXVO\
WKDW WKH ORZ 3'5 LV FDXVHG E\ WKH LQHYLWDEOH REVWUXFWLRQV ЍH REVWUXFWLRQ EORFNV WKH FRQQHFWLRQ EHWZHHQ WZR FRPPXQLFDWLQJ YHKLFOHV WKXV LQ FDVH RI ORZ VSHHGV RQH RI WZR FRPPXQLFDWLQJ YHKLFOH LV ORFDWHG LQ D ΚEOLQGΚ VSRW LH LW LV XQUHDFKDEOH E\ RWKHU YHKLFOHV ЍH (Ӏ( GHOD\V LQFUHDVH IURP ӀҾ PV WR ӄҾ PV GXH WR WKH IUHTXHQW GLVFRQQHFWLRQ LQ D KLJK VSHHG ЍXV WKLV FOHDUO\ LQGLFDWHV WKDW WKH UHVHDUFKLQJ PHFKDQLVP RI SRVLWLRQ IRUZDUGLQJ WDNH ORQJHU WLPHV )URP WKRVH UHVXOWV LW SURYHV WKDW QHJOHFWLQJ WKH REVWUXF WLRQ LPSDFW HVSHFLDOO\ LQ WKH ӁGLPHQVLRQDO HQYLURQPHQW ZLOO QRW KDYH WKH YDOLG PHDVXUHPHQW DV SUHYLRXVO\ GLVFXVVHG LQ 6XEVHFWLRQ Ӏҿ
ЍH VLPXODWLRQ RI D ӁGLPHQVLRQDO URDG WRSRORJ\ LV SURFHHGHG ZLWK GLI IHUHQW KHLJKWV RI RYHUSDVV ЍH UHVXOWV DUH VKRZQ LQ )LJXUH ӄӁ DQG ӄӂ
ЍH WKLUG VHW RI UHVXOWV DV VKRZQ LQ )LJXUH ӄӁ LQGLFDWH WKH QHWZRUN SHU IRUPDQFH XQGHU WKH YDULRXV URDG KHLJKWV] ҿҾ P ҿӃ P DQG ӀҾ P XQ GHU WKH ORZ VSHHG ЍH RYHUSDVVΚ KHLJKW RI ҿҾ P VKRZV WKH KLJKHVW 3'5 FRPSDUHG WR RWKHU RYHUSDVVΚ KHLJKWV ҿӃ P DQG ӀҾ P )URP WKH 3'5 DQG (Ӏ( GHOD\ UHVXOWV WKHVH LQGLFDWH WKDW WKH KLJKHU WKH RYHUSDVV WKH QHWZRUN
ӄӇ
6B;m`2 eXk, AKT+i Q7 P#bi`m+iBQMb BM >B;? aT22/
SHUIRUPDQFH EHFRPHV ORZHU ЍHVH UHVXOWV YDOLGDWH D SURRI RI FRQFHSW RI WKH ӁGLPHQVLRQDO WRSRORJ\ WKH KHLJKW RI URDG WRSRORJ\ DV SUHYLRXVO\ GLV FXVVHG LQ 6XEVHFWLRQ ӁӁ 8QGHU WKH KLJKHU VSHHG WKH 3'5 ZLWK WKH RYHU SDVVΚ KHLJKW RI ҿҾ P VKRZV WKH VWDEOH GHJUDGDWLRQ EXW VWLOO VKRZV WKH KLJK HVW 3'5 FRPSDUHG WR RWKHU 3'5 ZLWK WKH KLJKHU RYHUSDVV ЍLV UHVXOW DOVR VKRZV WKDW WKH KLJKHU WKH VHFRQG URDG WRSRORJ\ OHYHO OHDGV WR WKH KLJKHU FKDQFH RI GLVFRQQHFWLRQ GXH WR WKH WUDQVPLVVLRQ UDQJH
ЍH IRXUWK VHW RI UHVXOWV ZKLFK LV UHODWHG WR D GLϯHUHQW URDG OHYHO WRSRORJ\
LH YHKLFOHV ORFDWHG ERWK RQ RYHUSDVV DQG XQGHU RYHUSDVV LV VKRZQ LQ )LJ XUH ӄӃ ЍH OLIH WLPH FRQQHFWLRQV DPRQJ YHKLFOHV RQ WKH VDPH DOWLWXGH LH URDG OHYHO KDYH WKH ORQJHU GXUDWLRQ WKDQ RQ WKH GLϯHUHQW DOWLWXGH ЍLV LQ GLFDWHV WKDW WKH DOWLWXGH IDFWRU FDQQRW EH QHJOHFWHG VLQFH WKH VHQGHU VHOHFW WKH LQWHUPHGLDWH YHKLFOH ZLWKLQ WKH FRQQHFWLRQ UDQJH &5 DV SUHYLRXVO\
ӅҾ
6B;m`2 eXj, AKT+i Q7 .Bz2`2Mi >2B;?ib Q7 _Q/ hQTQHQ;v BM GQr JQ@
#BHBiv
GLVFXVVHG LQ 6XEVHFWLRQ Ӏӂ 3UDFWLFDOO\ WKH UHVXOWV RI OLIH WLPH FRQQHFWLRQ FDQ EH XVHG LQ WKH UHDO FLW\ VFHQDULR
'XH WR WKRVH ИQGLQJV WKH IROORZLQJ HYDOXDWLRQV ZLOO WDNH LQWR DFFRXQW WKH REVWUXFWLRQ PRGHO DV WKH FRQVHTXHQFHV RI D UHDOLVWLF ӁGLPHQVLRQDO URDG WRSRORJ\ LQ WKH ODUJH FLW\ HQYLURQPHQW
ӄӀ 9Ӏ981Яп$нЯЫ 5ЯопнгЭпгйи
ЍH ИUVW IRUZDUGLQJ VFKHPH DSSURDFK WKH DUHD UHVWULFWLRQ LQ 9Ӏ981HW LV HYDOXDWHG XQGHU WKH SDUDPHWHU DQG HQYLURQPHQW DV VKRZQ LQ 7DEOH ӄӀ
,Q WKLV VLPXODWLRQ WKH WUDGLWLRQDO SRVLWLRQEDVHG IRUZDUGLQJ VFKHPH LV FRPSDUHG WR WKH DUHDUHVWULFWLRQ IRUZDUGLQJ VFKHPH ЍH WUDGLWLRQDO
Ӆҿ
6B;m`2 eX9, AKT+i Q7 .Bz2`2Mi >2B;?ib Q7 _Q/ hQTQHQ;v BM >B;? JQ@
#BHBiv
h#H2 eXk, S`K2i2`b Q7 `2 _2bi`B+iBQM 1pHmiBQM
3DUDPHWHU 9DOXH
,((( ӆҾӀҿҿD 7UDQVPLVVLRQ 5DQJH XS WRjyyP ,((( ӆҾӀҿҿS 7UDQVPLVVLRQ 5DQJH XS WRRyyyP
1XPEHU RI 9HKLFOHV ky @ 9y 6LPXODWLRQ $UHD RyyyP [8yyP
2EVWUXFWLRQ +HLJKW RyP
$YHUDJH 9HKLFOH 9HORFLW\ 9y @ dyNPK
6LPXODWLRQ 7LPH kyyV
1XPEHU RI 'ULYLQJ /DQHV k
3DFNHW 6L]H Ryk9%\WH
ӅӀ
Height of Overpass = 10 m
Height of Overpass = 15 m
Height of Overpass = 20 m
6B;m`2 eX8, *QMM2+iBQM GB72 hBK2
SRVLWLRQEDVHG IRUZDUGLQJ VFKHPH ZKLFK LV GHVFULEHG LQ 6XEVHFWLRQ ӁӀ DSSOLHV WKH SRVLWLRQ FRRUGLQDWHV WR IRUZDUG WKH SDFNHW ZLWKRXW DQ\ LP SURYHPHQWV
,Q WKH ӁGLPHQVLRQDO HQYLURQPHQW WKH IHDVLELOLW\ RI XVLQJ WKH ,9& ZLUH OHVV GHYLFHV GHSHQGV RQ WKHLU WUDQVPLVVLRQ UDQJH ЍH HYDOXDWLRQ RI WKH ,((( ӆҾӀҿҿD DQG ,((( ӆҾӀҿҿD LV GHVFULEHG LQ 6XEVHFWLRQ ӄӀҿ
ӅӁ
ӄӀҿ 7вЯ ,((( ӆҾӀҿҿЫ ЫиЮ ,((( ӆҾӀҿҿк
7R LQYHVWLJDWH WKH WZR ZHOONQRZQ WHFKQRORJLHV LQ WKH ,9& WKLV WKHVLV DS SOLHV WKH ,((( ӆҾӀҿҿD DQG WKH ,((( ӆҾӀҿҿS LQ WKLV VLPXODWLRQ ЍH UHVXOWV DUH LOOXVWUDWHG LQ )LJXUHV ӄӄ DQG ӄӅ
ЍH VROLG EOXH OLQHV LQGLFDWH WKH UHVXOW RI DUHD UHVWULFWLRQ IRUZDUGLQJ VFKHPH LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ ЍH GDVKHG UHG OLQHV LQGLFDWH WKH WUDGLWLRQDO SRVLWLRQEDVHG IRUZDUGLQJ VFKHPH ZLWKRXW LPSOHPHQWLQJ WKH DUHD UHVWULF WLRQ IRUZDUGLQJ VFKHPH ЍH 3'5 RI HDFK DSSOLHG VSHHG VKRZV WKDW WKH DUHD UHVWULFWLRQ UHYHDOV WKH EHЧHU UHVXOW FRPSDUHG WR WKH IRUZDUGLQJ VFKHPH ZLWKRXW WKH DUHD UHVWULFWLRQ VFKHPH ЍLV LQGLFDWHV WKDW LQYROYLQJ WKH UHOD WLYH DQJOHV WKH +Њ DQG 9Њ DV WKH DGGLWLRQDO PHWULFV WR WKH IRUZDUGLQJ VFKHPH LV QHFHVVDU\ WR GHWHUPLQH WKH SURSHU LQWHUPHGLDWH YHKLFOHV RXW RI DYDLODEOH SDUWLFLSDWLQJ YHKLFOHV ЍH DUHD UHVWULFWLRQ DOJRULWKP UHGXFHV WKH QXPEHU RI XQQHFHVVDU\ SDUWLFLSDWLQJ YHKLFOHV XVLQJ WKH +Њ DQG 9Њ FDO FXODWLRQ ЍH KLJKHVW 3'5 VKRZV ӀҾұ XVLQJ WKH ,((( ӆҾӀҿҿD DQG ӁҾұ XV LQJ WKH ,((( ӆҾӀҿҿS ZKLFK LV DOVR FRQVLGHUDEO\ ORZ GXH WR WKH REVWUXFWLRQ VFHQDULR $QRWKHU UHDVRQ RI ORZ 3'5 LV FDXVHG E\ WKH RYHUSDVV FRQVWUXF WLRQ VFHQDULR WKDW GRPLQDWHV WKH VLPXODWLRQ DUHD 0RUHRYHU WKH VSHHGV EH LQJ XVHG LQ WKLV VLPXODWLRQ DUH WKH PD[LPXP VSHHG WKDW FDQ EH UHDFKHG E\
YHKLFOHV VXFK WKDW YHKLFOHV DUH PRYLQJ DW VSHHG IURP ҿ NPK WR PD[LPXP ӂҾ NPK ЍXV WKH ,((( ӆҾӀҿҿS UHVXOWV GR QRW KDYH WKH FOHDU HϯHFW LQ WHUPV RI FRPPXQLFDWLRQ UDQJH 2YHUDOO WKH 3'5 LV GHFUHDVLQJ GXH WR WKH KLJKHU VSHHG RI YHKLFOHV ZKLFK OHDG WR IUHTXHQW GLVFRQQHFWLRQV
+RZHYHU WKH (Ӏ( GHOD\ FRQVLGHUHG KDV WR EH KDQGOHG DV D WUDGHRϯ ЍH (Ӏ( GHOD\ VKRZV ЛXFWXDWLQJ UHVXOWV DV VKRZQ LQ )LJXUH ӄӅ DQG KDV ODUJHU GHOD\V RQ DYHUDJH ЍH VSHHG RI YHKLFOHV KDV DQ LQVLJQLИFDQW LPSDFW WR WKHVH (Ӏ( GHOD\V ЍXV WKH GHOD\ UHDFKHG GHWHUPLQHV WKH UHVXOW RI WKH IRUZDUGLQJ VFKHPH VHDUFKLQJ IRU WKH QHZ FRQQHFWLRQ RU SDWK RQFH WKH FXUUHQW SDWK LV GLVFRQQHFWHG RU EURNHQ
$OWKRXJK WKH WUDQVPLVVLRQ UDQJH RI ,((( ӆҾӀҿҿS FDQ EH VHW XS WR ҿҾҾҾ PHWHUV DQG PXFK KLJKHU WKDQ WKH ,((( ӆҾӀҿҿD WKLV FURVV RYHUSDVV VFHQDULR ZLWK WKH REVWUXFWLRQ FDXVHV WKH SRRU UHVXOW RI 3'5 ЍH ,(((
ӆҾӀҿҿS ZRUNV DV H[SHFWHG LQ WHUPV RI GLVWDQFH ZKHQ WKH VLPXODWLRQ DUHD Ӆӂ
IEEE 802.11a IEEE 802.11p Speed = 40 km/h
Speed = 70 km/h Speed = 60 km/h Speed = 50 km/h
6B;m`2 eXe, okolL2i@`2 _2bi`B+iBQM S2`7Q`KM+2 lbBM; A111 3ykXRRfT
ӅӃ
IEEE 802.11a IEEE 802.11p Speed = 40 km/h
Speed = 70 km/h Speed = 60 km/h Speed = 50 km/h
6B;m`2 eXd, okolL2i@`2 _2bi`B+iBQM .2Hv lbBM; A111 3ykXRRfT
Ӆӄ
LV LQ /LQHRI6LJKW FRQGLWLRQ VXFK DV RQ WKH KLJKZD\ )URP WKRVH 3'5 UH VXOWV IRU ERWK ,((( ӆҾӀҿҿD DQG ,((( ӆҾӀҿҿS GR QRW KDYH PXFK GLϯHUHQFH LQ WKLV REVWUXFWLRQ XVH FDVH ЍXV WKH ,((( ӆҾӀҿҿS ZLWK ҿҾҾҾ PHWHUV WUDQVPLVVLRQ GLVWDQFH VHЧLQJ LV XQQHFHVVDU\ LQ WKLV REVWUXFWLRQ XVH FDVH ,Q DGGLWLRQ LW LV UHDVRQDEOH WR GHWHUPLQH WKDW WKH ,((( ӆҾӀҿҿD LV VWLOO IHD VLEOH WR EH DSSOLHG LQ WKLV XVH FDVH DV SUHYLRXVO\ GLVFXVVHG LQ 6XEVHFWLRQ ӁҿӁ 6LQFH WKH ,((( ӆҾӀҿҿS VKRZV EHЧHU UHVXOWV FRPSDUHG WR WKH ,(((
ӆҾӀҿҿD WKHUHIRUH LW LV PRUH UHDVRQDEOH WR DSSO\ WKH ,((( ӆҾӀҿҿS DV WKH ,9&ΚV ZLUHOHVV GHYLFH LQ WKH QH[W IROORZLQJ HYDOXDWLRQV
ӄӀӀ &нйоо ЫиЮ 3ЫнЫжжЯж 2сЯнкЫоо 6ЭЯиЫнгй
ЍH VHFRQG HYDOXDWLRQ RI WKH DUHD UHVWULFWLRQ IRUZDUGLQJ VFKHPH LV UXQ RQ D URDG ZLWK WKH FURVV DQG SDUDOOHO RYHUSDVV RQ WKH WRS RI LW ЍH UHVXOWV RI WKH FURVV DQG SDUDOOHO RYHUSDVV VFHQDULRV DUH VKRZQ LQ )LJXUH ӄӆ DQG ӄӇ
ЍLV VLPXODWLRQ LV GHSOR\LQJ WKH ,((( ӆҾӀҿҿS DV SUHYLRXVO\ GLVFXVVHG ЍH VROLG EOXH OLQHV LQGLFDWH WKH UHVXOW RI WKH DUHD UHVWULFWLRQ IRUZDUGLQJ VFKHPH ZKLFK LV GHQRWHG DV Ν9Ӏ981HW$UHD 5HVWULFWLRQΝ DQG WKH UHG GDVKHG OLQHV LQGLFDWH WKH UHVXOW RI WKH WUDGLWLRQDO SRVLWLRQEDVHG IRUZDUG LQJ VFKHPH ZKLFK LV GHQRWHG DV Ν1R 9Ӏ981HWΝ ЍH 3'5 UHVXOWV RI WKH DUHD UHVWULFWLRQ IRUZDUGLQJ VFKHPH VKRZ VOLJKWO\ EHЧHU WKDQ WKH WUDGLWLRQDO SRVLWLRQEDVHG IRUZDUGLQJ VFKHPH DV LOOXVWUDWHG LQ )LJXUH ӄӆ ЍH KLJKHVW 3'5 LQ WKH FURVV RYHUSDVV VFHQDULR LV ӁҾұ DQG LQ WKH SDUDOOHO RYHUSDVV VFH QDULR LV ӇҾұ )URP DOO 3'5 UHVXOWV WKH SHUIRUPDQFH DUH DOPRVW ҿҾұ WR ҿӃұ EHЧHU WKDQ WKH WUDGLWLRQDO SRVLWLRQEDVHG IRUZDUGLQJ VFKHPH
ЍH (Ӏ( GHOD\V RI WKH DUHD UHVWULFWLRQ IRUZDUGLQJ VFKHPH DUH DOPRVW VLPLODU ZLWK WKH (Ӏ( GHOD\V RI WKH WUDGLWLRQDO SRVLWLRQEDVHG IRUZDUGLQJ VFKHPH ЍXV WKH DUHD UHVWULFWLRQ IRUZDUGLQJ VFKHPH LPSURYHV WKH 3'5 LQ ERWK FURVV RYHUSDVV DQG SDUDOOHO RYHUSDVV VFHQDULRV
ӄӀӁ ,ипЯнсЯвгЭжЯ &йззригЭЫпгйи 0йЮЯжо
ЍLV VLPXODWLRQ HYDOXDWHV WKH LQWHUYHKLFOH FRPPXQLFDWLRQ PRGHOV 6WDWLF WR'\QDPLF 6Ӏ' DQG '\QDPLFWR'\QDPLF 'Ӏ' 2Q RQH KDQG WKH 6Ӏ' PRGHO UHЛHFWV WKH FRQGLWLRQ ZKHUH VRPH RI SDUWLFLSDWLQJ YHKLFOHV DUH
ӅӅ
Speed = 40 km/h
Speed = 70 km/h Speed = 60 km/h Speed = 50 km/h
Cross Overpass Parallel Overpass
6B;m`2 eX3, okolL2i@`2 _2bi`B+iBQM BM *`Qbb M/ S`HH2H Pp2`Tbb
a+2M`BQb Ӆӆ
Speed = 40 km/h
Speed = 70 km/h Speed = 60 km/h Speed = 50 km/h
Cross Overpass Parallel Overpass
6B;m`2 eXN, .2Hv Q7 okolL2i@`2 _2bi`B+iBQM BM *`Qbb M/ S`HH2H Pp2`Tbb a+2M`BQb
ӅӇ
QRW PRYLQJ GXH WR WUDϲF MDP 2Q WKH RWKHU KDQG WKH 'Ӏ' PRGHO DVVXPHV WKDW DOO YHKLFOHV DUH PRYLQJ ZLWKRXW DQ\ WUDϲF MDP +RZHYHU WKH 6WDWLFWR 6WDWLF 6Ӏ6 FRPPXQLFDWLRQ PRGHO ZLOO QRW EH HYDOXDWHG VLQFH LW GRHV QRW UHЛHFW WKH ,9& PRELOLW\ ЍXV RQO\ WKH WZR FRPPXQLFDWLRQ PRGHOV 6Ӏ' DQG 'Ӏ' PRGHOV DUH VLPXODWHG DQG HYDOXDWHG ЍH SDUDPHWHU RI HYDOXDWLQJ WKRVH WZR FRPPXQLFDWLRQ PRGHOV LV VKRZQ LQ 7DEOH ӄӁ
h#H2 eXj, S`K2i2`b Q7 AMi2`@p2?B+H2 *QKKmMB+iBQM JQ/2Hb
3DUDPHWHU 9DOXH
,((( ӆҾӀҿҿS 7UDQVPLVVLRQ 5DQJH XS WRRyyyP 1XPEHU RI 9HKLFOHV ky @ Ryy
6LPXODWLRQ $UHD RyyyP [8yyP
2EVWUXFWLRQ +HLJKW RyP
6WDWLF 0RGH 9HKLFOH 9HORFLW\ yNPK '\QDPLF 0RGH 9HKLFOH 9HORFLW\ 9y @ dyNPK
6LPXODWLRQ 7LPH kyyV
1XPEHU RI 'ULYLQJ /DQHV k
3DFNHW 6L]H Ryk9%\WH
ЍH ИUVW VHW RI UHVXOWV LQ WKLV VLPXODWLRQ LV VKRZQ LQ )LJXUH ӄҿҾ WR ӄҿҿ ZKLFK LQGLFDWHV WKH QHWZRUN SHUIRUPDQFH RI WKH 6Ӏ' DQG 'Ӏ' FRPPXQL FDWLRQ PRGHOV LQ WKH FURVV DQG SDUDOOHO RYHUSDVV VFHQDULRV ЍH UDWLR RI WKH VXFFHVVIXO FRQQHFWLRQ LQ ERWK 6Ӏ' DQG 'Ӏ' FRPPXQLFDWLRQ PRGHOV DUH OHVV WKDQ ҿҾҾұ GXH WR WKH URDG WRSRORJ\ DQG RYHUSDVV FRQVWUXFWLRQV ЍXV WKH FRPPXQLFDWLQJ YHKLFOHV ORFDWHG RXWVLGH RI WKH WUDQVPLVVLRQ UDQJH GR QRW JHW WKH IXOO FRYHUDJH ЍH 3'5 LQ WKH 6Ӏ' FRPPXQLFDWLRQ PRGHO KDV ORZHU SHUFHQWDJHV FRPSDUH WR WKH 3'5 LQ WKH 'Ӏ' FRPPXQLFDWLRQ PRGHO ЍH ORZHU 3'5 LQ WKH 6Ӏ' FRPPXQLFDWLRQ PRGHO LV FDXVHG E\ VWDWLF YHKL FOHV WKDW PDLQO\ LQ WKH VWDWXV ZKHUH WKH YHKLFOHV FDQQRW VHDUFK IRU D QHZ SDWK $QRWKHU UHDVRQ LV WKDW KH VWDWLF YHKLFOH LV PRVWO\ ORFDWHG XQGHU WKH RYHUSDVV FRQVWUXFWLRQ ЍLV RFFXUV SDUWLFXODUO\ LQ WKH FURVV URDG VFHQDULR ЍXV FRQQHFWLRQV DPRQJVW YHKLFOHV DUH GLVUXSWHG E\ WKH RYHUSDVV FRQ VWUXFWLRQ +RZHYHU LQ RYHUDOO VFHQDULRV DQG FRPPXQLFDWLRQ PRGHOV WKH SDUDOOHO DQG FURVV URDG VFHQDULR DV ZHOO DV WKH 6Ӏ' DQG 'Ӏ' FRPPXQLFD WLRQ PRGHOV DUH FOHDUO\ LQGLFDWH WKDW WKH IRUZDUGLQJ VFKHPH LPSOHPHQWLQJ
ӆҾ
Static-to-Dynamic Performance
Cross Overpass Parallel Overpass
Speed = 40 km/h
Speed = 60 km/h Speed = 50 km/h
Speed = 70 km/h
6B;m`2 eXRy, aiiB+@[email protected]+ *QKKmMB+iBQM JQ/2H S2`7Q`KM+2
ӆҿ
Dynamic-to-Dynamic Performance
Cross Overpass Parallel Overpass
Speed = 60 km/h Speed = 40 km/h
Speed = 50 km/h
Speed = 70 km/h
6B;m`2 eXRR, .vMKB+@[email protected]+ *QKKmMB+iBQM S2`7Q`KM+2
ӆӀ
WKH 9Ӏ981HW DSSURDFK KDV ҿҾұ EHЧHU SHUIRUPDQFH FRPSDUH WR WKH IRU ZDUGLQJ VFKHPH ZLWKRXW WKH 9Ӏ981HW
ЍH VHFRQG VHW RI UHVXOWV LV VKRZQ LQ )LJXUH ӄҿӀ DQG ӄҿӁ ЍRVH UHVXOWV LQGLFDWH WKH (Ӏ( GHOD\V RI HDFK FRPPXQLFDWLRQ PRGHO ,Q WKH RYHUDOO UH VXOWV WKH KLJKHU (Ӏ( GHOD\V LQ WKH DUHD UHVWULFWLRQ IRUZDUGLQJ VFKHPH DUH FDXVHG E\ WKH EURNHQ FXUUHQW SDWK GXH WR WKH KLJK PRELOLW\ ,Q WKH FURVV DQG SDUDOOHO VFHQDULRV ERWK (Ӏ( GHOD\V LQGLFDWH WKH VLJQLИFDQW YDOXH ,Q WKH FURVV VFHQDULR WKH (Ӏ( GHOD\V UHDFK XQWLO ӁҾҾ PV ЍLV GHOD\ RFFXUV GXH WR WKH RYHUSDVV FRQVWUXFWLRQ ZKHUH WKH YHKLFOH UHTXLUHV PRUH WLPHV WR ИQG WKH QHZ SDWK :KLOH LQ WKH SDUDOOHO VFHQDULR WKH (Ӏ( GHOD\V DUH OHVV WKDQ ҿӃҾ PV $OWKRXJK WKH (Ӏ( GHOD\V RI WKH DUHD UHVWULFWLRQ IRUZDUGLQJ VFKHPH DUH KLJKHU WKDW WKH (Ӏ( GHOD\V RI WKH WUDGLWLRQDO IRUZDUGLQJ VFKHPH KRZHYHU WKH RYHUDOO (Ӏ( GHOD\V DUH VWLOO DFFHSWDEOH LQ HQVXULQJ WKH UHOLDEOH ,9&
ӄӁ 9Ӏ981Яп3Ыпв 3нЯЮгЭпгйи
ЍH VHFRQG DSSURDFK RI WKH 9Ӏ981HW SDWK SUHGLFWLRQ LV HYDOXDWHG XQGHU WKH SDUDPHWHU DQG VLPXODWLRQ HQYLURQPHQW DV VKRZQ LQ 7DEOH ӄӂ ZKLFK LV VLPLODU WR WKH SDUDPHWHU RI WKH DUHD UHVWULFWLRQ IRUZDUGLQJ VFKHPH
h#H2 eX9, S`K2i2`b Q7 Si? S`2/B+iBQM 1pHmiBQM
3DUDPHWHU 9DOXH
,((( ӆҾӀҿҿS 7UDQVPLVVLRQ 5DQJH XS WRRyyyP 1XPEHU RI 9HKLFOHV ky @ Ryy
6LPXODWLRQ $UHD RyyyP [8yyP
2EVWUXFWLRQ +HLJKW RyP
$YHUDJH 9HKLFOH 9HORFLW\ 9y @ dyNPK
6LPXODWLRQ 7LPH kyyV
1XPEHU RI 'ULYLQJ /DQHV k
3DFNHW 6L]H Ryk9%\WH
ЍH SDWK SUHGLFWLRQ IRUZDUGLQJ VFKHPH LV QRW HYDOXDWHG LQ WKH SDUDOOHO RYHUSDVV VFHQDULR VLQFH LW LV DVVXPHG WKDW LQ WKH SDUDOOHO RYHUSDVV VFHQDULR WKH GLUHFWLRQ RI SDUWLFLSDWLQJ YHKLFOHV DUH XQLIRUP ЍH SDWK SUHGLFWLRQ IRUZDUGLQJ VFKHPH ZLOO KDYH D VLJQLИFDQW LPSDFW LI WKH SDUWLFLSDWLQJ YHKL
ӆӁ
Static-to-Dynamic Delays
Cross Overpass Parallel Overpass
Speed = 60 km/h Speed = 40 km/h
Speed = 50 km/h
Speed = 70 km/h
6B;m`2 eXRk, .2Hv BM aiiB+@[email protected]+ *QKKmMB+iBQM JQ/2H
ӆӂ
Dynamic-to-Dynamic Delays
Cross Overpass Parallel Overpass
Speed = 60 km/h Speed = 40 km/h
Speed = 50 km/h
Speed = 70 km/h
6B;m`2 eXRj, .2Hv BM .vMKB+@[email protected]+ *QKKmMB+iBQM JQ/2H
ӆӃ
FOHV KDYH DW OHDVW IRXU GLUHFWLRQV DV WKH YHKLFOHV UXQ DW WKH LQWHUVHFWLRQ URDG WRSRORJ\
6B;m`2 eXR9, okolL2i@Si? S`2/B+iBQM a+2M`BQ
ЍH VHW RI UHVXOWV LV VKRZQ LQ )LJXUH ӄҿӂ ,W UHЛHFWV WKH VSDUVH DQG GHQVH QHWZRUNV ZKLFK LV LQGLFDWHG E\ ӀҾ WR ҿҾҾ SDUWLFLSDWLQJ YHKLFOHV UH VSHFWLYHO\ ЍH UHVXOWV LQGLFDWH WKDW WKH 3'5 RI WKH 9Ӏ981HWSDWK SUH
ӆӄ
GLFWLRQ IRUZDUGLQJ VFKHPH VKRZV WKH EHЧHU UHVXOW FRPSDUHG WR WKH WUDGL WLRQDO SRVLWLRQEDVHG IRUZDUGLQJ VFKHPH ЍH SDWK SUHGLFWLRQ IRUZDUGLQJ VFKHPH LPSURYHV WKH 3'5 XS WR ӀҾұ )URP DOO 3'5 UHVXOWV WKH SDWK SUH GLFWLRQ IRUZDUGLQJ VFKHPH ZRUNV EHVW LQ DW VSHHG ӃҾ ӅҾ NPK ЍH UHDVRQ LV WKDW WKH DOJRULWKP LQ WKH SDWK SUHGLFWLRQ IRUZDUGLQJ VFKHPH FDQ HVWLPDWH WKH KLJK PRELOLW\ RI SDUWLFLSDWLQJ YHKLFOHV ЍXV E\ WDNLQJ LQWR DFFRXQW WKH YHKLFOHVΚ YHORFLW\ WKH SUHGLFWLRQ DOJRULWKP FDQ FDOFXODWH WKH OLIH WLPH FRQQHFWLRQ EHWZHHQ WZR FRPPXQLFDWLQJ YHKLFOHV ЍH (Ӏ( GHOD\V ZKLFK DUH VKRZQ LQ WKH UHVXOWV KRZHYHU KDYH WR EH KDQGOHG DV D WUDGHRϯ ЍLV SDWK SUHGLFWLRQ IRUZDUGLQJ VFKHPH KDV ODUJHU (Ӏ( GHOD\V DW WKH VSHHG ӁҾ NPK ЍHVH GHOD\V LQGLFDWH WKDW WKH SDWK SUHGLFWLRQ ZRUNV SURSHUO\ DW KLJKHU VSHHGV
ӄӂ 9Ӏ981Яп (сЫжрЫпгйи
ЍLV 9Ӏ981HW VLPXODWLRQ FRPELQHV DOO DSSURDFKHV WKH DUHD UHVWULFWLRQ SDWK SUHGLFWLRQ DQG WUDGLWLRQDO SRVLWLRQEDVHG IRUZDUGLQJ VFKHPHV ЍLV VLPXODWLRQ LV FRQGXFWHG WR FRPSDUH WKH UHVXOWV RI WKRVH WKUHH IRUZDUGLQJ DSSURDFKHV
ӄӂҿ 3ЫЭеЯп 6гцЯ (сЫжрЫпгйи
ЍH HYDOXDWLRQ RI YDULRXV VL]H RI SDFNHWV IURP ҿ . WR ҿҾ .% LV FRQGXFWHG WR LQYHVWLJDWH WKH ELJJHU GDWD SDFNHWV WUDQVPLVVLRQ ЍH ELJJHU GDWD SDFNHWV DUH DSSOLHG LQ WKLV VLPXODWLRQ WR UHЛHFW WKH QRQVDIHO\ DSSOLFDWLRQV ZKLFK XVXDOO\ KDYH WKH GDWD VL]H ELJJHU WKDQ ҿ .E ЍLV SDFNHW VL]H HYDOXDWLRQ LV FRQGXFWHG XQGHU WKH SDUDPHWHU DQG HQYLURQPHQWV DV VKRZQ LQ 7DEOH ӄӃ
)LJXUH ӄҿӃ VKRZV WKH UHVXOW RI VKRZV WKH 3'5 RI WKUHH IRUZDUGLQJ VFKHPHV ZKHQ GLϯHUHQW SDFNHW VL]HV DUH DSSOLHG ЍLV HYDOXDWLRQ VLPXODWHV ӂҾ YHKLFOHV WKDW PRYH ZLWK DQ DYHUDJH VSHHG RI ӂҾ NPK ЍH 9Ӏ981HW DUHD UHVWULFWLRQ DSSURDFK ZKLFK LV LOOXVWUDWHG LQ WKH VROLG EOXH OLQH VKRZV ӀҾұ EHЧHU 3'5 FRPSDUHG WR WKH WUDGLWLRQDO SRVLWLRQEDVHG IRUZDUGLQJ VFKHPH ZKLFK GHQRWHG DV Ν1R 9Ӏ981HWΝ ЍH 9Ӏ981HWDUHD UHVWULFWLRQ DOVR VKRZV ҿҾұ EHЧHU FRPSDUHG WR WKH 9Ӏ981HWSDWK SUHGLFWLRQ VFKHPH
ӆӅ
6B;m`2 eXR8, S._ BM o`BQmb S+F2i aBx2b
6B;m`2 eXRe, 1k1 .2Hv BM o`BQmb S+F2i aBx2b
ӆӆ
h#H2 eX8, S`K2i2`b Q7 S+F2i aBx2 1pHmiBQM
3DUDPHWHU 9DOXH
,((( ӆҾӀҿҿS 7UDQVPLVVLRQ 5DQJH XS WRRyyyP ,((( ӆҾӀҿҿR &RPPXQLFDWLRQ 5DQJH XS WRjyyP
1XPEHU RI 9HKLFOHV Ry
6LPXODWLRQ $UHD RyyyP [8yyP
2EVWUXFWLRQ +HLJKW RyP
$YHUDJH 9HKLFOH 9HORFLW\ eyNPK
6LPXODWLRQ 7LPH 8yyV
5RDG 7RSRORJ\ &URVV 2YHUSDVV
1XPEHU RI 'ULYLQJ /DQHV k
3DFNHW 6L]H ҿ .E WRRy.E
'DWD UDWH e0ESV &RQVWDQW %LW 5DWH
ZKLFK LV LOOXVWUDWHG LQ WKH GDVKHGGRW EODFN OLQHV ЍH VKRZHG 3'5 LQ RYHU DOO DOJRULWKPV GHFUHDVHV DV WKH SDFNHW VL]H LQFUHDVHV ZKLFK LQGLFDWHV WKDW WKH ELJJHU SDFNHW VL]H OHDGV WR ORZ TXDOLW\ RI WUDQVPLVVLRQ ЍH UHDVRQ LV WKDW WKH ELJJHU SDFNHW VL]H QHHGV ORQJHU SHULRG RI WUDQVPLVVLRQ WLPH ЍH UHTXLUHG WUDQVPLVVLRQ WLPH LV LQЛXHQFHG E\ WKH FRQQHFWLRQ OLIH WLPH HVSH FLDOO\ DW KLJK VSHHGV ZKHUH WKH FRQQHFWLRQ OLIH WLPH LV YHU\ VKRUW FI ӄӃ +RZHYHU WKH 9Ӏ981HW DSSURDFKHV WKH DUHD UHVWULFWLRQ DQG SDWK SUHGLF WLRQ IRUZDUGLQJ VFKHPHV LQGLFDWH WKDW +Њ DQG 9Њ ZHLJKW YDOXHV KDYH VLJQLИFDQW LPSDFWV LQ SDFNHW WUDQVPLVVLRQV ,Q DGGLWLRQ WKH DUHD UHVWULF WLRQ VKRZV EHЧHU 3'5 WKDQ WKH 3'5 LQ WKH SDWK SUHGLFWLRQ IRUZDUGLQJ VFKHPH ЍH PDLQ UHDVRQ LV WKDW WKH DUHD UHVWULFWLRQ IRUZDUGLQJ VFKHPH ORFDOL]H WKH SDUWLFLSDWLQJ YHKLFOHV ZLWKLQ WKH IRUZDUGLQJ DUHD ZLWKRXW FRQ VLGHULQJ WKH GLUHFWLRQ RI WKH SDUWLFLSDWLQJ YHKLFOHV 2Q WKDW IRUZDUGLQJ DUHD WKH DUHD UHVWULFWLRQ IRUZDUGLQJ VFKHPH PDLQWDLQV WKH LQWHUPHGLDWH YHKLFOH ZLWKRXW FRQVLGHULQJ LWV GLUHFWLRQ $V IDU DV WKH LQWHUPHGLDWH YHKLFOH LV VWLOO LQ D VHQGHUΚV WUDQVPLVVLRQ FRYHUDJH WKH VHQGHU NHHSV IRUZDUGLQJ WKH SDFNHW 2Q WKH FRQWUDU\ WKH SDWK SUHGLFWLRQ IRUZDUGLQJ VFKHPH ZLOO GLVFRQQHFW WKH FRPPXQLFDWLRQ DQG ИQG DQRWKHU VXEVWLWXWHG LQWHUPHGLDWH YHKLFOH WKDW KDV WKH PRVW VLPLODU GLUHFWLRQ WR WKH ИQDO GHVWLQDWLRQ DV KDV EHHQ GHVFULEHG LQ WKH 6XEVHFWLRQ ӂӃӀ
ӆӇ
)XUWKHU HYDOXDWLRQV ZLWK GLϯHUHQW VFHQDULRV WKH FURVV DQG SDUDOOHO RYHU SDVV URDG WRSRORJ\ DQG YDULRXV QXPEHUV RI YHKLFOHV ZLWK GLϯHUHQW VSHHGV DOVR UHЛHFW WKH VDPH EHKDYLRU DV SUHVHQWHG LQ )LJXUH ӄҿӅ
ЍH VHFRQG UHVXOW VKRZV WKH (Ӏ( GHOD\ RI DOO DOJRULWKPV ZKLFK LV LOOXV WUDWHG LQ )LJXUH ӄҿӄ
ЍH UHVXOWV VKRZ WKH (Ӏ( GHOD\ ZKHQ GLϯHUHQW SDFNHW VL]HV DUH DSSOLHG ЍH (Ӏ( GHOD\ LQFUHDVHV DV WKH SDFNHW VL]H LQFUHDVHV ЍLV LV EHFDXVH PRUH WLPH DUH UHTXLUHG WR WUDQVPLW SDFNHW ZLWK ELJJHU VL]HV ЍH KLJKHVW (Ӏ( GH OD\ RI ӀҾҾ PV LV LQGLFDWHG E\ WKH DUHD UHVWULFWLRQ VFKHPH EHFDXVH WKH DUHD UHVWULFWLRQ VFKHPH UHTXLUHV PRUH WLPH WR VXEVWLWXWH WKH FXUUHQW LQWHUPH GLDWH YHKLFOH ZKLFK LQWHQWV WR PRYH RXWVLGH RI WKH IRUZDUGLQJ DUHD ZLWK WKH IXWXUH LQWHUPHGLDWH YHKLFOH ZKLFK IXOИOOV WKH UHTXLUHPHQW ,Q RYHUDOO (Ӏ( GHOD\ UHVXOWV WKH WUDGLWLRQDO IRUZDUGLQJ VFKHPH SURYLGHV ORZHVW GHOD\
FRPSDUHG WR RWKHU WZR DOJRULWKPV
ЍLV LV EHFDXVH WKH WUDGLWLRQDO IRUZDUGLQJ VFKHPH GRHV QRW QHHG DQ DG GLWLRQDO PHFKDQLVP WR SHUIRUP SDFNHW IRUZDUGLQJ ЍH IXUWKHU (Ӏ( GHOD\
HYDOXDWLRQV ZLWK GLϯHUHQW VFHQDULRV WKH FURVV DQG SDUDOOHO RYHUSDVV URDG WRSRORJ\ DQG YDULRXV QXPEHUV RI YHKLFOHV ZLWK GLϯHUHQW VSHHGV DV SUH VHQWHG LQ )LJXUH ӄҿӆ DOVR UHЛHFW WKH VDPH EHKDYLRU ,Q RYHUDOO UHVXOWV WKH (Ӏ( GHOD\V KDYH WR EH KDQGOHG DV WKH WUDGHRϯ LQ RUGHU WR REWDLQ WKH EHЧHU 3'5 E\ DSSO\LQJ WKH 9Ӏ981HW
ӇҾ