Proceedings of the 23rd Indonesian Fisheries National Seminar AUP Polytechnic, Jakarta, August 23-24, 2022
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/psnp.11953
IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY OF BLUE ECONOMY BASED ON FISHING PORT IN BANTEN PROVINCE
Asep Hamzah
Department of Fisheries Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University Jl Palima-Cinangka KM 03. Pabuaran Serang- Banten
Regency
E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT
Blue economy is a concept that seeks to realize a balance between two related aspects in the marine ecosystem, namely ecology and economy. In other words, the blue economy does not merely see marine potential as an economic commodity, but also strongly emphasizes the vitality of preserving the environment in the marine ecosystem. Banten Province, with its strategic location, has the potential to implement the concept of blue economy in the management of its fishery ports. There are three main points that are used as samples, including PPN Karangantu, PPI Labuan and PPI Binuangeun. There are several strategies that need to be done so that the application of blue economy in the capture fisheries sector in Banten Province can be successful, including the management of fishing ports, activation of TPI functions, connectivity between PPs, and economic sharing.
Keywords: economic sharing, blue economy, fishing port, fishing port connectivity INTRODUCTION
Blue economy is a concept that seeks to realize a balance between two related aspects in the marine ecosystem, namely ecology and economy. In other words, the blue economy does not merely see marine potential as an economic commodity, but also strongly emphasizes the vitality of preserving the environment in the marine ecosystem (Mahmud 2017; Purbani et al., 2016).
The blue economy initiative is a way to realize sustainable fisheries and marine development. This model encourages fisheries businesses that are economically, socially and environmentally beneficial. The implementation of the blue economy prioritizes the efficiency of natural resource utilization so as to produce balanced economic and social values. Another difference between the blue economy and the previous edition is that natural resource exploitation activities are more environmentally friendly and zero waste.
Zero waste approach in blue economy
In the capture fisheries sector, the blue economy is implemented in the form of measured fisheries in the form of post-production and quota per fishing fleet (KKP 2021).
Post-production capture fisheries means that fishermen or fishing companies pay retribution after the fishing process, previously retribution payments were made at the beginning by calculating projections based on the number of fish caught previously. The application of this concept requires very strict supervision, through measurable regulations, so a blue economy implementation strategy is needed.
The marine and fisheries sector has relatively large potential if we refer to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2021, where the fisheries and marine sector is able to contribute 2.8% of the value of the National GDP or the equivalent of 188 trillion in the 2nd quarter In fact, if we look at the value of the first quarter, this value has increased significantly by 9.7%.
This is an indicator that the fisheries and marine sector is able to become the basis of the national economy, when the blue economy program has been ratified since 2012, with a framework that has been prepared since 2021 (kkp.go.id).
In the capture fisheries sector, the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries (KKP) has launched the implementation of the blue economy in the form of measured fisheries based on catch quotas based on fishing zones. This is in line with the concept of blue economy where industrial/fishing activities must pay attention to the sustainability of existing fish resources. The implementation of this regulation requires effort and cooperation from all relevant stakeholders. One of the efforts to make this measured fishery successful is the supervision and accuracy of data on landed fish. This shows that in the future the Fishing Port (PP) will play an important role.
The fishing port has a strategic position because it is between the foreland and the sea.
hinterland, resulting in economic transactions and meetings between buyers (traders)
(Lubis 2012; Hamzah et al. 2015). The number of fishing ports, which reaches 846 fishing ports with various types, will facilitate the process of monitoring the implementation of quota- based measured fisheries. One area that has a strategic position is Banten Province, which has 2 WPPs and 3 very potential waters. Banten Province is located in WPP 712 and 572 accompanied by 3 waters namely the Java Sea, Sunda Strait and Indian Ocean.
This position is strategic because it is a waterway that is passed by fishing vessels that carry out fishing activities in the Indian Ocean. This condition makes PP in Banten Province must prepare to welcome the implementation of measurable fisheries, because as a heavily traveled route, there will be many fishing vessels to stop or hub at several fishing ports in Banten Province.
Based on the above, the fishing ports that have the potential to serve as stopovers or hubs are PPI Binuangeun, PPP Labuan and PPN Karangantu. PPI Binuangeun has the potential to become a hub for fishing grounds in the Indian Ocean, PPP Labuan in the Sunda Strait and PPN Karangantu for fishing fleets in the Java Sea. These three locations require more attention, so it is necessary to study the strategies that must be implemented either by the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries or the Banten Provincial Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Office so that measurable fisheries policies can take place properly. The purpose of this study is to determine the right strategy for the implementation of blue economy in the fishing port of Banten Province.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The research was conducted at PPN Karangantu, PPP Labuan and PPI Muara Binuangeun in June-July 2022.
Figure 2. Research location point
This research uses a case study method, on the implementation of blue economy based on fishing ports in Banten Province. The data collected were primary and secondary data.
Primary data was obtained through interviews, respondents were selected using purposive sampling method. Interviews were conducted with 52 people, including DKP Banten Province (1 person), PPN Karangantu (1 person), PPP Labuan (1 person), PPI Muara Binuangeun (1 person), TPI managers (3 people), Fishermen (30 people), Traders (15 people). Secondary data were obtained from Provincial DKP and port managers in the form of statistical data.
Data obtained were analyzed descriptively qualitatively and quantitatively.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Actual condition of the research site
Capture fisheries activity centers in the form of fishing ports are spread from Tangerang Regency on the north coast to Binuangeun on the south coast. Each fishing port has competitive and comparative advantages so that it continues to develop in meeting public demand for quality fish. In addition to being the center of capture fisheries activities for fishermen, fishing ports are also transaction centers that have a significant effect on the availability and stability of fish in a region. The availability of cold storage as a fish storage facility at a fishing port is very important in maintaining the continuity and availability of fish so that in aggregate it affects the quality and price of fish in a region (Siahainenia et al 2018).
The results of the Banten Provincial DKP study in 2015 showed that the estimated sustainable potential of fish resources in marine waters reached more than 85 thousand tons with a total allowable catch (JTB) of 69 thousand tons as presented in Table 2. When compared with the existing production in 2017, there is still an opportunity to increase utilization by around 11 thousand tons to the value of JTB. H o w e v e r , the increase in utilization efforts must be carried out with a precautionary approach so as to ensure the sustainability of fish resources (Badrudin et al. 2002; Salmarika et al. 2018) and the sustainability of fishing businesses carried out by fishermen.
Table 1. Sustainable potential of capture fisheries in Banten Province
Water Area MSY
(tons) JTB (tons)
North of Java 31.380 25.104
Sunda Strait 26.943 21.555
South of Java 27.594 22.076
Tangerang Regency is an area that has a dominant contribution to Banten Province's capture fisheries production in 2017. The production volume reached more than 87 thousand tons. Meanwhile, Cilegon City became the region with the lowest contribution with a production volume of only 7.49 tons as presented in Figure 3.
Figure 3. Marine Fisheries Production of Banten Province 2020
Tangerang Regency has a relatively high production due to the proximity of its fishing port to the Muara Angke PPI and Nizam Zachman PPS, which are the fishing ports with the largest production in Indonesia. Catchable fish production
According to Perdana et al. (2016), the distribution of captured fish is due to fish sellers obtaining more competitive prices, which is caused by the underdevelopment of the fishing industry in Banten Province (Hamzah et al. 2015). According to Perdana et al (2016), the distribution of fish catches is because fish sellers get more competitive prices, this is due to the undeveloped fishing industry in Banten Province (Hamzah et al 2015). Karangantu VAT, which is a Type B fishing port where in KP Regulation No.8 of 2012, it is required that type B ports must have an industrial area, until now it does not have one.
There are currently 17 fishing ports in Banten Province (Hamzah et al., 2015) which are spread from the Java Sea, Sunda Strait to the southern part directly facing the Indian Ocean. The management of PPs in Banten Province is mostly managed by the Provincial UPT because the port class is class C (PPP) and D (PPI). The only fishing port in Banten Province that is managed by the Central UPT is PPN Karangantu (Type B). each port, be it PPN Karangantu, PPI Labuan and PPI Binuangeun, has its own problems according to its demographic conditions. Karangantu VAT, for example, has a problem in terms of sedimentation that makes it difficult for fishing boats to come and unload fish caught or when going to sea. The limited land also makes PPN Karangantu not have the flexibility to develop fishery port activities as a type B fishery port as mandated in KP Regulation No.8 of 2012.
Unlike PPN Karangantu, PPI Labuan has constraints on the high waves and tides that occur. The height difference between the water and the dock can reach more than 1 meter.
This of course makes it difficult for fishermen to carry out the loading and unloading process of caught fish. The conditions mentioned above cannot simply be ignored, because the better the condition of the facilities in a fishing port, the greater the role and function of the port will be for the development of the capture fisheries sector in a region (Salim 2018).
Table 2: Condition of Facilities at the Fishing Port Facility
Condition Facilitie
s PPI Binuangeun PPP Labuan VAT
Karangantu I. Basic Facilities
1. Port Area Good Good Good
Facility Condition Facilitie
s PPI Binuangeun PPP Labuan VAT
Karangantu
2. Dock Good Good Good
3. Harbor Pond Good Good Good
4. Breakwater Good Good
enough
Good enough
5. Complex Road Good Good Good
II. Functional Facilities
1. TPI Good Good Good
2. Ice factory - - Good
3. Water Tank and Installation - - Good
4. Fuel Tank and Installation Good Good Good
5. Electrical and Installation Good Good Good
6. Generator - - Good
7. Slipway Good Good Good
8. Winch House Good Good Good
9. Workshop - - Good
10. Fishermen's Meeting Hall Good Good Good
11. Administration Office Good Good Good
12. RESTROOMS Good Good Good
13. Parking Area Good Good Good
14. Fence Good Good Good
15. SSB radio Good Good Good
16. Cold Storage - - Good
III.Supporting Facilities
1. Mess Operator Good Good Good
2. Service House Good Good Good
3. Guest Mess Good Good Good
Blue economy Implementation Strategy
Fishing ports will be the main focus when the blue economy concept is implemented in the capture fisheries sector. Fishing port is a place where buyers (traders/businessmen) and sellers (fishermen) meet. The fishing port is also the place where loading and unloading activities of captured fish are carried out. The implementation of measurable fisheries through post-production fisheries and quota restrictions is feared to fail due to weak supervision.
Currently, there are 846 fishing ports throughout Indonesia. For Banten Province alone, there are 17 PPs with various types of fishing ports. So a strategy is needed so that the implementation of the blue economy can be successful. Some strategies that must be carried out include management of fishing ports, activation of TPI functions, connectivity between PPs, and economic sharing.
a. Fishing Port Management
Currently, the management of fishing ports is divided into 2 (two) parts, namely management by the Central UPT through DJPT consisting of PP Types A and B, while for PP Types C and D are managed by the Provincial Fisheries Service. The difference in management results in differences in priorities. Although the port has excellent potential, however, because it does not make fisheries a development priority, there will be no good development. In Banten Province, based on the strategic location, PPI Binuangeun and PPP Labuan should be the priority of fishery port development, but until now, only PPN Karangantu has become the center of development.
Ports should be managed by a specialized agency, so that equalization occurs.
According to Lubis and Pane (2007), ports in France are managed by one agency and are classified as in Indonesia. Fishing ports in France use production and production value as a tool to rank the best fishing ports. Management under 'one roof' makes interaction/connectivity between ports easy, so there is no longer a port class or port type.
Port status should be based on production/production value. When the port is able to produce production or is able to produce high production value, then the fishing port is ranked first. This is because in reality, some ports do not meet the requirements.
minimum as a certain type of port according to Permen KP No.8/2012 concerning Ports.
Different port management makes facility development uneven due to differences in port management priorities.
b. TPI Function Activation
TPI is currently a Fish Marketing Place in accordance with the mandate of KP Regulation No. 8/2012. As a result, TPI is not active as a marketing medium or meeting place between producers and consumers, which leads to no proper price formation at the fishermen level. In the past, TPI was a fish auction place, so there could be control over the quality, type, and size of fish. This will have an impact on the ease of PP managers to control captured fish landed at PP/TPI. The inactivity of TPI results in the landing process of captured fish becoming uncertain both in terms of time and place. As a result, control over landed fish becomes weak (Lubis et al., 2012; Hamzah et al., 2015).
c. Connectivity between fishing ports
Industrial needs in a PP do not have to be with the addition of a fishing fleet or increased exploitation (Hamzah et al., 2015). Fulfillment of industry needs can be through cooperation between fishing ports through connectivity between fishing ports (Gumilang et al., 2016). this concept of connectivity has actually been happening in Europe since the 80s (Pane 2021), shipping caught fish can be by land or sea. In this case, recording has a crucial role. Profit sharing with ports that cooperate with each other is difficult to realize if the management is not 'one roof'. Connectivity between fishing ports is important considering that in the implementation of the blue economy, each company is given a quota of fish that can be caught. To meet their needs, companies or ports are sought to be able to cooperate between fishing ports, so that industry needs are still met despite quota restrictions.
d. Economic/profit sharing
The sustainability of cooperation between fishing ports / fishing port connectivity must be accompanied by economic sharing between f i s h i n g ports. For the port
Fisheries that have a high level of demand or interest from fishermen to make sales to the port, must be able to record with precision the type of fish, the number of fish, the price sold at that time, and the origin of the landing base. The data must be shared with the base port. In the future, not only is the data shared but there is profit or economic sharing done.
The base port is considered as a port that is able to foster fishermen, it is considered necessary to get a profit in the form of a percentage of the transaction results. If this is not done, what will happen is that the base port will not get income and is considered unable to develop.
CONCLUSION
The implementation of blue economy in the capture fisheries sector in the form of measured fisheries and catch quotas needs to be accompanied by several other policies so that its implementation can be successful, including the management of fishing ports, activation of TPI functions, connectivity between PPs, and economic sharing.
Advice
It is necessary to make an ideal calculation for economic sharing so that it is able to provide
benefits for all stakeholders in it.
LITERATURE
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