The Structure of an Essay The Structure of an Essay
Another Boring PPT by Jessica Wojtysiak Bakersfield College – B80
Another Boring PPT by Jessica Wojtysiak Bakersfield College – B80
General Structure of an Essay
General Structure of an Essay
Introduction
Attention Getter
Thesis Statement
Body Paragraphs
Main idea sentence
Evidence
Explanation of the evidence
Conclusion
Restatement of thesis
Call to action, general statement of belief
Introduction
Attention Getter
Thesis Statement
Body Paragraphs
Main idea sentence
Evidence
Explanation of the evidence
Conclusion
Restatement of thesis
Call to action, general statement of belief
Introduction Introduction
First Paragraph of the Essay
Begins broad, gradually narrows
Ends with the thesis statement
Rarely includes quotations; should not begin to argue the thesis
First Paragraph of the Essay
Begins broad, gradually narrows
Ends with the thesis statement
Rarely includes quotations; should not begin to argue the thesis
Basicly…
Basicly…
“Tell ‘em what you are going to tell ‘em“
“Tell ‘em”
“Tell ‘em what you told ‘em”
“Tell ‘em what you are going to tell ‘em“
“Tell ‘em”
“Tell ‘em what you told ‘em”
Attention Getter Attention Getter
Gives a reader a reason to keep reading
Begin general, move to the specific thesis
Avoid questions
Gives a reader a reason to keep reading
Begin general, move to the specific thesis
Avoid questions
Thesis Statement Thesis Statement
Explains the focus of your paper
Leaves room for disagreement
Answers the question: What is your argument?
Explains the focus of your paper
Leaves room for disagreement
Answers the question: What is your argument?
What Your Thesis Does…
What Your Thesis Does…
The thesis sentence must control the entire argument. Your thesis sentence determines
what you are required to write in a paper. It also determines what you cannot write.
Every paragraph in your paper exists in order to support your thesis.
Accordingly, if one of your paragraphs seems irrelevant to your thesis you have two choices:
get rid of the paragraph, or rewrite your thesis.
The thesis sentence must control the entire argument. Your thesis sentence determines
what you are required to write in a paper. It also determines what you cannot write.
Every paragraph in your paper exists in order to support your thesis.
Accordingly, if one of your paragraphs seems irrelevant to your thesis you have two choices:
get rid of the paragraph, or rewrite your thesis.
Thesis Where?
Thesis Where?
Last sentence in the first paragraph
First sentence in the last paragraph
Last sentence in the first paragraph
First sentence in the last paragraph
Consider Your Prompt Consider Your Prompt
In the early chapters of Enrique’s
Journey, you learned about Enrique’s life and decision to follow his mother to the United States. Did Enrique make the
right decision? Use what you have read to either defend or reject Enrique’s
choice. In other words, you may write a paper in which you argue that Enrique was right to leave Honduras or that he should have stayed at home.
In the early chapters of Enrique’s
Journey, you learned about Enrique’s life and decision to follow his mother to the United States. Did Enrique make the
right decision? Use what you have read to either defend or reject Enrique’s
choice. In other words, you may write a
paper in which you argue that Enrique
was right to leave Honduras or that he
should have stayed at home.
Crafting a Thesis Crafting a Thesis
What does the prompt require the writer to do?
What questions require an answer?
What does the prompt require the writer to do?
What questions require an answer?
Thesis Statement Thesis Statement
Topic
Claim
Support
Qualification
Topic
Claim
Support
Qualification
Topic Topic
The Topic is the General Subject of your Paper
= What do you have an opinion about?
= Ex. Illegal immigration—
fairly simple
= The detriment of illegal
immigration upon the family unit – more narrow
The Topic is the General Subject of your Paper
= What do you have an opinion about?
= Ex. Illegal immigration—
fairly simple
= The detriment of illegal
immigration upon the family
unit – more narrow
Claim Claim
= What is one thing about your topic that you believe to be true and that you wish to argue?
= The detriment of illegal immigration upon young children born outside of the United States should discouraged due to
--must be addressed through
--can be prevented/minimized by
-- In order to reduce … (use at beginning)
= What is one thing about your topic that you believe to be true and that you wish to argue?
= The detriment of illegal immigration upon young children born outside of the United States should discouraged due to
--must be addressed through
--can be prevented/minimized by
-- In order to reduce … (use at beginning)
The Support The Support
= In general why do you believe your position to be correct in spite of any opposing arguments?
= This is a general statement; your
specific reasons will follow in the body of your essay.
Enrique was right because…
Children like Enrique should not try to travel to the United States because…
= In general why do you believe your position to be correct in spite of any opposing arguments?
= This is a general statement; your
specific reasons will follow in the body of your essay.
Enrique was right because…
Children like Enrique should not try to
travel to the United States because…
The Qualification The Qualification
A good thesis is always arguable – that means you are going to have people who disagree
with you
To state your thesis like it is an absolute will weaken your case and lose credibility with the reader
= Here’s a trick: begin your qualification with a word like “although,” “despite,”
“though,” or “even though.”
A good thesis is always arguable – that means you are going to have people who disagree
with you
To state your thesis like it is an absolute will weaken your case and lose credibility with the reader
= Here’s a trick: begin your qualification with a word like “although,” “despite,”
“though,” or “even though.”
Example with Qualification Example with Qualification
Although Enrique may have
believed that he was making the right choice, he should have
stayed in his home country
because the journey north is too dangerous.
Although Enrique may have
believed that he was making the right choice, he should have
stayed in his home country
because the journey north is too
dangerous.
Working Thesis in Action Working Thesis in Action
1st draft
Enrique was wrong!
2nd draft
Enrique was wrong because the trip north is too dangerous.
3rd draft
While Enrique loved and missed his mother, he should have remained in Honduras to
complete his education and avoid the dangers of the trip.
1st draft
Enrique was wrong!
2nd draft
Enrique was wrong because the trip north is too dangerous.
3rd draft
While Enrique loved and missed his mother, he should have remained in Honduras to
complete his education and avoid the dangers of the trip.
So What?
So What?
= a good thesis statement should take a stand
= a good thesis statement should justify discussion
= a good thesis statement should express one main idea or a clear
relationship between specific ideas linked by words like "because,"
"since," "so," "although," "unless,"
or "however.”
= a good thesis statement should take a stand
= a good thesis statement should justify discussion
= a good thesis statement should express one main idea or a clear
relationship between specific ideas linked by words like "because,"
"since," "so," "although," "unless,"
or "however.”
Thesis Checklist Thesis Checklist
Is your thesis statement 1-2 declarative sentences?
Does your thesis statement state what you want your readers to know, believe, or
understand after reading your essay?
Does your thesis statement reflect everything in the essay? Does your essay develop
everything in the thesis statement?
Is your thesis statement clear and unambiguous?
Is your thesis statement precise and limited?
Is your thesis statement defensible?
Is your thesis statement 1-2 declarative sentences?
Does your thesis statement state what you want your readers to know, believe, or
understand after reading your essay?
Does your thesis statement reflect everything in the essay? Does your essay develop
everything in the thesis statement?
Is your thesis statement clear and unambiguous?
Is your thesis statement precise and limited?
Is your thesis statement defensible?
Body Paragraphs Body Paragraphs
Support the Thesis
Contain arguments/evidence
Begin with paragraph #2, end with the 2nd to last paragraph
Support the Thesis
Contain arguments/evidence
Begin with paragraph #2, end with the 2nd to last paragraph
Basic Outline of a Body Paragraph
Basic Outline of a Body Paragraph
Topic Sentence
Evidence or reasoning
Explanation
Topic Sentence
Evidence or reasoning
Explanation
Topic Sentences Topic Sentences
Control the entire paragraph.
Every sentence in a paragraph exists to support the topic
sentence.
Control the entire paragraph.
Every sentence in a paragraph exists to support the topic
sentence.
Writing Topic Sentences Writing Topic Sentences
To write the topic sentence, ask yourself what sentence is broad enough to describe all of the sentences in the paragraph.
Topic sentences are broad.
Supporting details are more specific but all share a common link to the topic sentence.
To write the topic sentence, ask yourself what sentence is broad enough to describe all of the sentences in the paragraph.
Topic sentences are broad.
Supporting details are more specific but all share a common link to the topic sentence.
Revising Topic Sentences Revising Topic Sentences
If a sentence does not support the topic sentence, something is wrong.
Options:
Remove the sentence from the paragraph
Rewrite the topic sentence to incorporate the sentence
If a sentence does not support the topic sentence, something is wrong.
Options:
Remove the sentence from the paragraph
Rewrite the topic sentence to incorporate the sentence
Where do they go?
Where do they go?
Most often the first sentence of the paragraph.
The author starts with a broad idea and then offers specific examples or evidence to support that broad idea.
The reader knows exactly what the paragraph will be about just by reading the first sentence.
Most often the first sentence of the paragraph.
The author starts with a broad idea and then offers specific examples or evidence to support that broad idea.
The reader knows exactly what the paragraph will be about just by reading the first sentence.
But…
But…
Topic sentences can be the last sentence of a paragraph.
They can be in the middle of a paragraph.
A paragraph can contain 2 topic sentences.
A paragraph may even be missing a topic sentence.
(Don’t do this!)
Topic sentences can be the last sentence of a paragraph.
They can be in the middle of a paragraph.
A paragraph can contain 2 topic sentences.
A paragraph may even be missing a topic sentence.
(Don’t do this!)
Ultimately…
Ultimately…
You can treat the topic sentence of body paragraphs like the thesis statement of the essay
Topic sentences control the content of the body paragraph
You can treat the topic sentence of body paragraphs like the thesis statement of the essay
Topic sentences control the content of the body paragraph
Conclusion Conclusion
Restate the Thesis
Summarize the Essay
Leave the Reader with something to think about
Restate the Thesis
Summarize the Essay
