UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS SEVENTY-FIFTH YEAR, N(~. 2A
The New York State
School of Clay
goWorking and Ceramics
Alfred, New York
BULLETIN A
The Importance of the Clay- Working Industry and the Value of Technical Education in Ceramic Science .
» • •PUBLISHED BI·MONTHL Y BY ALFRED UNIVERSITY MARCH, 1911
l'~nten~d Jannary 2,;, H,O.6, as second-c1i1!-;5 maller, Post Offi('!~. AHrcd, :\". Y.
Under f\ct of Congress of July 16, 189.j
A Calalop; of the
~dIO01,
giving detail" oreHtt~<I11('.e
l'cquit"(~mcnii4 Ull(l COursed of Mludy, will be maiJctl
IlpOH :'PlllicaUon to
Clay and its Uses
Clay i!:3 on'" of the most ahundant substances in the eat'th. It nntiel'lles vas& HrCHS of land and l:lOmctimes outcrops on thc hili ){idcs in large ma0seH. In color il may he hlack, hrown, rcd, bluc, yellow
<Ln{i eyen whit.e, hut white days are'loite uncommon. Chi:" j8 some- times straLiJ.lcd or formed in htyerK, !Oometim(!-;{ massive Qt' formed in hlo(:ks OJ' lump,;;. ']'he former ~onditjon is Ilkeiy to yi('ltl the hettor clay for tJw maGsivc eondiLion is often aecomrJ(1,nlc{l lJY stones and fragments of roe-Ie
lu its origin clay js ground roele Varion:-; agendes sueh as [ool.-:tU1"c. froBt. {ll" tho movement of the great ke fieMR in (t hy-gon(~
age have ,,!owly uroken up the roek;.; ami have g-mnnd the particles down to a fiue powder. Thi!J has been waHncd away hy raing and Hood waters and C'iHTied olr into quiet pools whcl'C> it has gradnaHy seilled ;jOWl! in Llw water. 'fhe pools themsdvE's wcre drained on' long- ago but the clay sediment has l"emaiuC'd. Shales are day~
which have hecl! ('{)mvn'"scd by their own weight :and by masses which have \)N;t] dUllositc--d ahove them ulltil thoy have formed the hard, lamjJ)t<ten <leClJmnlalion~ whieh m'c w(;J1 known throughont the statf', Shales are oftfm more valuabln tha.n days be<'}1use they are founrl, usually, in very large depo.c;its whieh arc of neady the same composition throughout. When ground in lh(~ proC('l'lR of manufacture t.hey become qnltc plastic norl are t:asiiy worke-tl.
The value of a deposit of I;by o:r shale depends lIpon B(Jvc:rai thIngs. Nt! ordinary mat.erial c.an bo profitaiJly shipped for mann- fadm·e elsewhCl"e an.t ihervfol'c the locatj'Ju is of' prjm{~ importance.
To be of ,;;ervice ('ommel'ciully it must he ncar a l'ailrond, A el::lybed 1S of 31r.oont no V~l!U(, unless it is so locat.ed that the product can he cu!->ily hrollt;ht to market, A Ion}%" huul to the railroad is out of t.he f(neBt\on. Then the distanec to market mUi't be con",idercd. Tho larger towns are the only prontah}e marltc(,g and the m01"e ordinary day pl"t)duet~ c,ml1ot he Rhi]lpcd over itmg di"t::mt'(,g owing to freight
(:h,n¥,PB,
Water ;.;upp!y it-; very important. Good and almndant water is most. nocesl:\u,'y in nny khtd of ChlY mauufaetun>.
If thel:\o IJointB ;;hould he setUeu in a sati!Ofactory mmuJ(;r the clay it..solf m.<ty he eongider0d, The bcd, in order to he prolltnbl0, should be both lal'g'(' fintI thiek Clay is apt to oecul' jn podtet:-; f)t.
"mall massel'> whieh look well at the exposure but in which there is Hot enough m;~tcrial to lu}ep a manufactory g'oing- for a ),e;ll'. gvcll n .small pl:rnt for the nlanufadurc of bt'iek \vi11 need fn:ml fifty to eighty 1:.onl:l
or
cluy a day and it doc$ not pny to illvGst capita.l for only a few y(~ars' output." The<'lc thinj.~S: are 1)('1'0 poinlut 1)\11. in order to ptC'vcut di~aJl~
polftlmcnt. If lhe ('OJJtlili()n~ art; l'avorahl,J lhc RtaLn School or Clay- Working' ls preparel; tu make CChls llnd to advh;e l1S to thl' u::;c of dl~Y and no dlllrge j;.; made for tho cx~:milli1Linn of HHlt(~rjals J'o>lnd in the stat(" the Hehool fl.V:iliti(':4, flO\YCVCr, .'1bou!d not be U."(\(t lnerPly to grahfy curimtity.
In ta:dHf.~ a B:!lmpin from lh", d~'IJesit. ('are Nhould lw obscJ'V(~d th.at n fair t!Yi:yng"C IJC obU:illC'd, Not lhe- b(,,'lL paylof Lbc cia:,;, hut H l~l~XLUl'e of ,'Rood and bad. gh(HJld be lcllwn Hlld i:l-iwul, 11v(~ pound" of tlH:'> f>eut to llw !whooL If the tni1b on this quantiLy IH'OV<': :;aliBrac~
tory a larger qu::tutit,V mn,Y Jw ;,wnl t{1111 Lhe actual Rond" will he llJ<lll-
ufadnrcrl, but it "ave-~.: ll,'(Jlen;:;l~
:.0
St'll;l dIe ~mHdi fmmptc first.The mostgclleraJ liKe of day j" Cor mal1ul'aeLm.'t' inLo bl'idL A g'1't:tlt HHtlJ)' elf"y" al'e suitabl<: fay common hrick, hut <18 all'c;1dy poil! lcd out, thC3C an' only uiicd ill large quallUOf:}l in the- t'itir~s, Face brick, or bdd{ so wtdl lllll,,!wd t.hat they can be u;,pd nR V('I)"('!' on n hnme hUH,"!!!, fiwl more Qr' l01';:-; demand (;Vt'l';i'whel'e, hut uult'sf< th(,rc should he many u!1ell ill one l()('aJiLy it will not pay to llwl1ufHCLlIl'e tllPrn, Drain til", eRn be made from almoH!' MHy d"y nnd i!wir IlS(' :::hould l)f!
Ct!c'JuHlged, inn it will hardly pay /I 1'm'mc1" :0 nut!\:(' hi8 OW1I tilt'" III a large farrnioJ{ I'ummunity a C(H)J)f;{'Uti\'v pkUI t mlr;bt he (.p,;Nbli~hcd, eaeh [annel' llPlng; Hum Nmhh:d to proellrc hitl til,: at the rOBt of lllamtfaeture; b~d, l.hitl would he l'athC'l' a ,,>,wing {If monl-~y Hmn thp tnal-in;:; uf a prolil,. All Lhingtl Jwillg" ('onl'lidt'l'l'ft then,
it
IB evidenL Chat a hud of ('las i;, not nceC'~:m:;.dJy equiv(dcnl to H gold mine) Imt. on U~e uthe)' hHn.d, if n dplJOHit of d,ty he wull l()e:ttl~d and proV('3 to tv') 01 good qnahly, there it'; a IWl.'l"nanent and 1',~!£ujar tlHtdwL fOI'tiw wares which t'C1J:t be made from it.The Department of Clay Testing
Tlw t{!BtiHg 01' day involves a (~ornp1et.u nndcrBt.anding of t.he np(:'Yationc; of the d3Y~W()rkillg imhmtry and a wide eXlwl'icnce at-; to t.he pOBsiLle UtWC; of day,
""h{) !irsL IWt'.(:s;;;:try lH'opcrt.y in a day it> plasticity, Ohvlou:)ly
l.I e;tlV in 01' llO vZllue lllllt'~s it (;iln be t',o wtll:ked in tlw uBual maehin('}l :H; L,)¥prodllee ::;~tti8frlctory Watt't>, Tile plat1tk,-1ty 1$ tc;;tetl by w(jt'k~
in§( IJp H s}}mpil' of tlw eJ;),Y \yith waler ~)O that.lts workillg' qllBHty may tJP pstirnntcd, No rmH'hine can <II) thiiO. the c-x}wt'lf!nee of th(;
V:(ll'ker i::; t.lw l.)l'st guide', A c:ortuin amount of ~aud or grit if, de~
r,irable bceauAe a ela,Y ,,0 ('OTIstitHl('d \'/i11 dry and hurn mon' safely
! hall 'when thiy I:; ;,\,b:;ellt, but loo nuwh nand wili make !lw material short Hnd ,'aw:~e it to cnnnble, TIle' plastic qmdHy, bel11g Ru1fi.dent, lhe "hl'inkage I))' ('onl.r<wtion of lhe dB;,' in drying 1:1 measured, Tbi}) is a very variabl(l qUfll1Uty, Some <'-Iayi') will f>hl'ink as mudl nn one
;~ixLh ns the wHtei' is driell nuL TblS wuuld make thmn unsuil,able (or tluUlllfadurc, It, is g'enct'ally l;onsidC'l"(:d thaL aboltt. one inch to Li:v root. or one twdftl!, is ftC; milch as it day ought Co Hhrink on tkyiufl;'.
TlwJl Lhe (lried elny i<l j'w;'1i)cd 011 to Uw fl~l'n:a(~e or killl for tIll' Jina1 tl'ial. Thi:c is the' supreme teAL, JOt' a ('Iuy may pass nil Lhe (lOwrs :md fail ill tIllS lIIH>, In the hoat of the furmte\! a clay fin:t los!.,tl its dH!ml~'(d water- -waLC')' which \~nnnf)t 1)0 t'.xpnllt;(! by dry-in.!.;:, but v/hii'!J is pl'(,;3\;'~jt (>ven in;i perfcetly dry <'!ny, 11 ii-' combincd ill
[Ill> \:hr.v iL1e1f aml trIO only he driven uJr
,·.t
H l'{'d hp:~L This being :.('('omplhih('fL the day gradually dU1.nges color ;Uld l}(,'gHl$ to BhrilllL 1 t j.tTOW!s deIHwl' a" Lhe beat inere;tSCH ilnd re,whC}i the Kolidi Ly which i;" ('>.:ped.pd of n huilding bl'i('k, being Ht thit; Lime tIw brigntpst rCfl t'h<1~ Ute day will z;:IHIW, Fl'o!l1 Lhis llillnt lhe co 1m' grtJw~- dal'l,t~l' and thp day 11101'(' <wild until it Dcqnin;g tho hardness of ~, paving brick, Thi" itl the point at \'\'1:11(;11 qunlity ,;eaRCB to he \l('v{!io).lp(l f,)1' any ilwl'ctll-lc t)( h('~<I,t. will {~aug{; til(;' day to swell np lind linally to bCf;orm:hloaled. I L is then on UH~ ))oint of mdLiug' dowIl, }tnd in a Httle noHvl' i11'P iL will flow like mola}me:l. Thu firo h'sL dct/,rminvs Uw m;dulncsH 01" :t day Iwcmt.'1i~ "onh~ day;,; will mdL Vei'y readily whil{1 (Jlhcl'~ will :,;ur~IX,gSrlll!y ~'efiist it long and severe lire,
The illustraLion shows a Rood ::mropJc- of tihale at the vnrious stag8s of lmrniug:
No. t.
No, 2.
No. 0
...
No. ,t.
'!'-io. r;, No. G.
No, 7.
No. R.
No. 9.
No. 10.
No, II.
No. 12.
No. V!.
j,"j the uuhul'tlcd day, the ('olm H ~~n;('nish yt:1Iow T€lJn11lTatUl'c tigO dC)gTCCG Centigrade, 1 3gh t salmon
gUo 8almoll
" no "
Dark salmonlO:lO LI.l£ht red
InSH) Medium red
!laO Finr~h red
Building- brick
1170 Dark r0'd
Sidewalk brick
lIDO HrtHvll) paving bride
1210 Choeolatc, over!lred
Swelling' h('~jns
12:)0 Swelling c<JntilHIC;'l
Briel, jH htorH'YC()mhwl lio(l Briel. j":j hloHted and
mii>~shapt~ll:
l;j70 Bl'iek 00 tIw point
of melting . From. n. B~l'ie;-3 of tcsts Bueh us thifl it is easy to Heleet tlw qiWhty ueslrerl tn tlw finlshelt ptwluct nnrl t.() nre the kihh'1 10 the prnper point.
Clay Working as a Business
One at' the object") whieh tlw BtnL., had in view in t~s(ahlishitlg'
a Ci,-'ho{)l of Clay-\Voyking, W}lK the teailih)t~ or young m('H and \youwn
in Llw m,Vslcl'IC1'; of the el'afL
The irHlu"try of clay mannfacturt: is It very important one The
n~p\wL of lhu Nalitmal GoVel'nmellt Htate$ lhat the value or Hle day products in New York State \V3S $12,0(10,1100 in a "ingle year and this
;ttnOHllt hl steadily I?"l'owlnr~ lIu'gcl', The movemcnt for the CQH-
"n1'valion of tlw fore:,;tB liwis an irnl'ortant ally in tlw production of Clay Ware:'), for a:> JumboI' dpcn~ast"s, briei::, tile and tcrnl-cotta must incrt'aae.
gdncation j" HOW hdng vus.hcd into fields of industry Oil (Wt~l'y
hand. 'l'he fitatl~ afl'{H'ds opportunities to farm;;!'s and other sper.ial1sts ,'{hn w~~)'e at on,; time kft to get Hlon~' ax begt they eouId, an(1 the manufacture or (·lny··war;;$ 1M a very I;pccutl ludnshy imlc0d. z)c'Ierat sLateB have rceo;:;nizeil thit'; and there are no',;- "tatc [lul'l-lortt'd :;ehoojs in Ohio, New J('1'8e,y. JIIinoil), Iowa and KaofH-Is, !w$idcH New York, while ;;everaJ other states are makin§! enquiry m'; to the heRt way of cl->tabli$hinp; ,,-;imilur s{:ilnnlCl.
ji'or hrif{ht, aetivC', yoml~' men, who are willing to do the -work, then:- ,(-\i'e few HeIdI-> whieh offct' rnorn attradive oPlJol'tuniLics. Tho man who UeSlt'('Cl to exeell as a clay worker Rhould ho i)f a s('ienl irk lurn of mind. He should enjuy the study or ehemiRtl'Y, physic" :Old mathematics antI should tw intel'efltczl in maehinery. rf he hns a good l:Iigh Sehon! rounw he enn tak .. the rom' y(~nrl>' wOl'k in th8 school (If Clay-Woykilll:; with aITnost;), ('.i!t'tainty that he wiil b0 ab1n to iH_wnre :l ~l'O(Hl posilion.
For young WOllHm tilt' work is 301"nowhut dl1fcrent. 'rIte Jat'g;:::;l opening fOl' thCllt is as t('-<teher" or deHign, mod('ling' amI clay work in lhe g'l'a(llJ" (n' lllg"h Sd1001~, nnd the s!A1(lic~ w]Jirh itl',' sot heforv thom are cKp£:cially rlil'(;de(l to thi~ end. BOHle lJavf.' begun Lhc: mHk~
iug' of potlery 011 their own ace-ount <triO han:; done welL
'fhe ;,;('ho01 i" eonw:cLcd with Uw r1l1ivt.·r;-;ity aL-'\..Jl're(l, Allegany County, wherl' also is locnted a State School of AgrJcllI1Ul'(" Tuition is fn:e lo re:;.;illents of the slate.
(t is ",aid. lhat young people on leaviug- College may be dividt'd intO two cla3~l::;" Tlw first cond;;l" (;[ ll1t¥'H' who are alAe to "accept pol->hion;:;," tht' nCCOttd, or those w\Jo an~ ('ompvHcr] tn "hUlll. jojm."
It if{ a matter Ofl'CeMlt that the layt;-0r numbt~r of thol'1t> who l;nHIU' tltc tl'ntH Al1)'cd belong i u the flrst narned dass.
The Department of Modeling Design
and
All d1ihlren love to u,,(~ cJay whcllwr it be Biml)\Y Imddl~g mlld pi ... :; in t.he back y~,nl or lmildiJl!! up bit by bit a il{IWer pnt- in whieh to plant a bulb. Ii is caBY lo lind the reason fo!" this; fllSelUaLiOlL Chty CQ;4]JlJllds so readily to the Blig:hlest l)l'l'SSut'{;, tl1(~ HwmenL th~' conl soH nm}'!:> if{ touehccl the pOfOsibilitil's arc J-wt'l'f.'ivcd, Nu too1J are lHtn,Ssary \wYtJl1d tIw lOll Jlng"CnL The' reality-of objceLs model{'\1 in day appeals t.o thl' ('hilt!. Clay anitnalfl wlll ",taw\' provided the
!cgs a1"(' ,!HlL in the ri!!ht position. the hf'ads CJ;tn b(' mmJe to tlll'ri, the feet to mOVl~. Ute cJ'(~alul'cs :,;eem to benlmo~l' alive. JL is tbis SNIse or reality ill Uw work «reofPpll::ihed which iR so stimulating- lo l.he ('hiltl'f\.
IllLl'reg! 3tH] whkh :.;hll.l'ptmH his pow(:)' of observation. lle mu",t lJOtke iW:tl whul'!' rl duck's Ie-tlS iit'(' h(;fore he ('an H)il[U, hid day duek sJanrl; he
~nu;,t. SCI." or n:1nemb!~r, ,imi!; where a rahbiL';:; car~, hegin Lu gT{lW hc~
fore he ean model it 80. T!w child who ha'{ modeled tiny ()h.k~t will
drttw~ the .,;anw objcf"t Vt'l'Y milch hetL(;r fot' ha ving Lried Lo rC].H'('tlCnt i ( in Uwe;:o Jim('ne:ioo;.>, But besideH LhiA imitaLiv(' modding whi,:h "houhi J:tt'-company drawiul2; in the arl edtwaLinn of any perRon t.i1t,rc is tho making of pott.ery by hamL And here Hg'ain the I'cc1ini<: of realiLy comes in. fo), ('Ve?l tilt' erud':i:lL poUery om,';' be lllade stnmp: alld u::\abl{~
by hUl'1l111l:;' in tl kiln, l!;v(~n tht: liLl1c ehlldJ'cn ('Jill make Bimplc hmvJs
in Indian fashion by coiling their roll;> of day rOIlIl(j and l'(j1!nd like the (~l)iIG of a ha .... kCL 11'1'001 beinp: at Orst t-:_ purely imitativf' pnH'C'si;
ttw worJz may be G(>vch)ped rigllt lhrollv:b Uw f!;)"(u11JHar g-radc;.; until, in Lhe Htt_d) Sclwol, poUcry of tl higb d(,)?;I'f'I' of Lechni1'al cxcnlh:J\{'(' may Il(' made. Th(; yOlm[~"el' ebildr':'ll wiII be :-;0 occupied with kal'lling how thic.k ttl make the day coils, what Lo do when the cdg'c- of th\~
piC'('e Lendo; Lo (Tack, hw,v to ptevenl; a bowl gl'()willg iarg'm- in t.he Wl'Otij?: dil'l:cllon, Lhat they mUlfl mulu: only tll(: l)itll).-J/uJL shapes, low cylinders, broad 100v t<llldlC't!ticks nnd so Oil. T-ile dct'orntif))l of this pottery jLu~t he ]imiLcd hI line", cut into th(' !·jay willI a ~h:-H'jJ ~tid,
or pr(,:4lH)d in with lhc fing-en" III the upper g:r~ld,~s and High Sdlonl tilt' ettrljpl' stages of t,pdmiqu('t stlfply p,H;sed Uw jHlpi! fllily de:'I1l{1l the f01'm on Impel' 'odm'c-Iwlld an(llnuy cany Otj l the do'omtion in ('_otol'!,{1 dnYR nnd ('OlOt'S undc~r l.be g:la7.c.
Ii. j:> hdi(,vc(] Lhut a OWl';:') g'(:\l(~rnl inlJ'odu.'~Uon illln til(' Kehcols of ('lay mofi011ng in cormoet!o!l with drawing' HlId pottery-making; fIB l-i
form of manual training" will l'Cimlt in a keener olmcl'vation of nature aod tl clearer appreciation of beautiful form.
The Comparative Cost of a House of Moderate Size
When Constructed of Wood, Brick, C ement or Hollow Block
lifi:time, 1[(; \yill .i;uild his hotl.",.; of lhc IHnlcr:al which l1<1s illlpn'Sl'l'd him, 'dY observation /llld sllpedk;al IWjlliry, HS the besL Sol1!e one whose inlcn:sl i~ viLal1:'i nt hlnk(', w11o;,(' \-(:fy hURiness 'u('("css flcpClld", UP(lI' lhe i11l'I'C<H~l'tl tJj'csUge of ill'icl;;, 1JIUst lmd<::rtab .. UI ,ldcrn1tnc the Gnal faNs ill the (-ast' ~Ind to lcndl thelll to UK' ptlhlic, 'fhis lIlan is the iJrieklludalr h!ll\sj:\F~fOl' Lin: I;lhntualiut\ of \\'on<l [wd tltt' soh"llLlIlioll tlH:rdor ot hrid~ \\'oul,\ Ilu:nll ;In l'l1ofllHH1;-' l!l('f'.'ai:c in l1i~ ll\l:-;ine;,;~
'with a ('(wrt',"!h-lIJ,llllf{ illcrc~n;c
or
hif.; prnflll;,IklicYing"lhnlllo qlu::,<o;liuu -i~ today nfgrcHlcl' imll0rU1.llt'C io' (lw Amcl'lcHH brid:1Hn!{~'r\ lllf111 Il. lhm'oH,g-h kuowlcd}4:'-' 'If the ('ompnrativc ,'OH ()fLhl' bOIl:>(" 0[' \JTick alltI olle of \\'00(1 ol1d ('C!nc,.L Th..: write)' 11(\:-:
lHH\('ftnten to dctennill': sOli1clhinp; ddinite n::;.ranlil1}!: lhi" malte( tlnd no\y oifers dl(: f(:c;;nlb uf his ill\'e:'llig;ttlOll::i,
lX'fon:: Cl!l(;rin,t:" illto n (klaikd di~cl1s::ii()ll, iL \)1(1.;: Iw ,vell lo l:Oll- sid~I' for ;llllOIllU1l what 1:,< me-nuL hy the: cos\: of i1 hOll~e Bllihling constrm:ltOll hili'> rll'\,U' heen n~dl1ccd Lo nn CXH('l SciIClICC, nod it}; co"t e;w nfyer he fOt'clotd with lhc accllr<I.>'.:Y of" maLlwl1w.-tirnl tlrnhlem.
).lp two ('ontnldor,.;, e\'CIl
or
cqllnl "kill Ctnd e:q)<.:rienel', wiU Ggun::CXJ\.cilj' Lhe sallie envt un 11 j£)Yen scl of plan!4 and speeil"tc;iliol1s.
Eh'llH:nis ( ) f cll,tm:c 1HUSt iv: cOlv'Ii(kn:.l, sllch lIN fi!lel;l:\ti()n~ ill t be nIHl~~
kd pHcc: or [l!tHeria! ;tud JaIlor, wc.ftihCl' cnndiLio\Hl rnu! nnc'Xpccttti rli!lieI11ti"s in cOl\stnwliuu. i\Iofeovcr, (-,wI! man',.; ligHt"<: will he ill"
Jll\C-l1o:1l lo S<')JI)C C,lCIlL by the Hl('a"Ul"e of his <lo"ln' to secure t.he e(lll- trHd in qLl(~'"'ti()l1; io ([\Ct, II i."i dllllhLfut if tlw S;Urle n)lllr:t('U)l~ would t;;d exadly the Sfune nn din ... n:nt p('<.:a~l"l\s 1:'\,,':11 fOl' pn..'d,,,dy lh,,'Silll1C
"iJUt'h.l\'"'' ~1on-'oV('r, if iJu:;w yuri:lllnm.; {lfe o::nCllltnt;,:'n,d iii nhLailling the .;:o::;l of it gi n.:' 11 hllilding in a g'ivcn plflCC, sLiH wi.ler dilr(rCl1ce~ witl iHi:..c 111 ohltlillin,~ bid" rm' diiren:;lll \ocaiitic:4 when" t he- lIt-icc: oj nmtl'd;;.i and COlHlili11\V, of lahor my diffi:n:nL FOI" L1Ji~ 1'e,\:-;on ;it cCl'lnln ,Ullouul 'If (liS(TC\lilIK'Y bet wcen rlifllTlClli. 'HllhoriLid llm"l he ,V_'vell ted
{I,': incvitl1hle :u;d lllll"l not he allowed to L!lCO\'\' Slb-lJicion 011 the
lignrlCs
\Vith thiB e:;;pbuHlllUll let us IIl-oeee;! l(, the ('ull!4]lje-raltoc ... ,f"
specific crt .. e_ It was. d(:ctrkd til procure VI.-_l.Ll!-1 awl ~)ledGt~\tiol1s of n,
~~i\'(,D hll\1~e ~l1ld lo a~l'crulitl h,\' aclua\ bids fnHll n, Tlul:1ber of n.:li:l.hk c(lIltrli.{;lof.i its. (litl"Cfl:1W{: in Cl)st when eOHSlTtwl"d ~;r fi'nme, bfi(:k.
cnHcnt <)1' holio\,' 1:11<1\::10:, For Lids purp()st' it SIl1<\[J ltwdl'nl <:ight ft)OIj1
110\1,;(.: of gOOG de.'<tgll Hlid <:x('dlcllt arrangement W,','; cho-;cll. the ori~tn;,d ha"iuft llCeli nclm.tJly lmHt}\l Beverly Fanlls, ).lils:-;., ullder Uw (lieed/oll !)fThul"JHlyi.:. .. ' & Kie::."Slillg, nr('hi\("·l". Thi" 1Io'I01e 1)-1 typkrd ill sizL', iHTall;:'~Qml.'nt Hnt! coM or th<JttB.1.1l(JS n1' lHllhl'S- whk:;-I ;:H:r \Willg cret'lcd l:hl'ongll!llll the E;;tsL \1r. l-:it"ssiiug \\',l~ eOlllIllj,,;;infll:,j t<J \)\'(' ..
\l<\rl' U;(' pli1!s and ':'lw('ifie~tLi()II;; H('(,(,SSHl'y [or nliL~inil\.!.;" hllls rOt" 1111:>
hOot:;'! wlWJ:\ Illlill With Ul(' following types of ex h;.-i')J" waH coJ1stl:U('~
"lion, :Ill (llil('f dd:tii;;. bl')llg nHllll\01l to nil lypo:,
Description of Various Types 01 OUler-Wall Construclion
Type GO. 1 -Fwme (''Overed with boar(L~ iJnd ~lljslH".-I Wilh daplx>ards. OV<'I hlliidiq:::
piqwf; !ll~;d" 'illr!;'.;,,,, fllrr"d, l.'llht:d "ltd ~,hs1,:rHL
Type S(l.,/ Flam', cnv('red wllh '"MId" ;:m! r1ni~j\(;d willt "bipgles 'wet' building P-lIwr; ,:l~IGt). ~l!ri,,(e fUfl(il, 1auwd a\l<) pl;bl(::(nL
Type ;{(,_ 3-"\ H>hwh brkk w,lll, L ,. .• (In) _;-ill\;!J w.!lI ... '-kd log:f>tl\<,r ",\idl m,.;HI l""s :,,,d ff'par;\[(-d b} '\ 2-111<'1-. ilir "pan'; in<;idc' .",t;[,vl' P!.lq<)ftd d,n~{ tly <)tl (h:
brir:n' OJ k
Type \':0. 4-:\,!:.>inrh _"pHd brick "'aI!, ill",d~~llrhH:;; flln"d, l.'llhtd '(lld pktS1en:d Tyl''c j\" 'i F:;;:!<Hlwh lmllc,w IClr!\ ('Ol!;! L>Ji!(\;~, ~'l!(-('()NI '-'11 !!If' (ltlbld'~ ;me!
l)b"[Nni dlrruly .In liw i!l~i(k'.
Typ~ ,..;". (, '">i:cim'j, i\i'llow klr'] ,!!!b b;ncks, Ilni~lcfd I":nlt a,t-indl blkk V\'IW1.'1 011 !.ill' <jUt!".!" ;)11(1 pL;bl<'r~d dir(-d!y (1]\ (1:<: IfInde.
Typ(' 0(), 7~:'r;\\1l<i HJV(:f',j with I)(!tlnj~ ill11l hnildilq,; paper, j~HIt'd all.] «)v.,n,d with "111<_"0 Oll Clip!OlI wi!>' d(jC,; i'1sid,· ';1Jrf,HJ:: !t,rrH!, lallH'd AI:d pb~~\T""L Cqw :\0, }\--VtiHO' C,H'(,rnJ wilh JH,ani" (Imildmg pap"f u<IHH(~d) aud ii"j"h!:'d WI'!;
" 'l-illCh IHick W'l>f'('I- 0n Ih\' <>Iltsid,·; lll~;(!e \Uf,1C<~ furl!·d, ladwd .u)(\ pLl;~!0red, Typ'; K<:;. t) Fm.l1w oH;,I;ed on (liF )'~lbid(' witl: 1t I.-Ill!'!, hrick VOW,'l lit"': dire"li),
!o il1r; "lUdd;llJ.: (bn.ln!iIJ,; umiu""j); ilJ~;d(' ;;:11(,1('" fllfwd, ,atlh,d mal plac,lercd.
,\ Rt'pnratc flrltvdng showing the deu!i]:; 0:' cadI type f)f OUl,'l' wnl! e<)Il'4trudion \\'ib prql1lrc(\ and (-;((:11 \\;tS ;U::C()!lJpUIIKd !Ho" n :wt (>!
c(lm~l!de OlIh'cilit'Hliou:--: t(H' the ClIt_IIT hOIl;;"
Ev,:rylhil:g ~d)flJlI: Ilh' hn:L,w, e~\('l",pl tLe (inter wall con~tn:l'ljoll,
\LiS :d(l!lil';1] it: :\Ilninc (YI,t" and lIwy be hl"iel1r ('"on'\'cd hy tlH' fnl!>]\\'"
1 ng llthk,,;
A:
Ie
L
n
I';
Details Common lo All Types
Vuunl<lI:(J!1o- J.()("."II '-'li/llt,
Cdlar FJunf-FinbhHl WI:1I 4,wd! ~:ilt:eHe (II P\)r[:,lll(J C:(,UH:'I>:, Cill11111Fy·-i";I(tt' will! h[ld. C(lStl1!r,: $17 Y' jwr ~l,
»1"(,;,1/.:,,;; Faee,! \l'n!. !nkL n)"ling $'7,:10 pC'! :-'L IJ;"o-I~'rln? Fit~t eL,;,s" (W() ':'Wll" work l-\xh:ri(l\, r'JIlI~h ~,;} Pf(S~.
l~liHdlY \\rj,jtl' pint'-
S(:I"'~H~--C('IYfW[ iJror7t' Oil whil,' pim: fr;]IlICo..
\V;,,,j(,W F:a\ll0f-ltanl p;lle
j'j(O"p,,-,jhmul!) ilunt" th!(';'ghnn\ wi!,; I'll]"'! l,,'lwi'f'II. "X(<:pt ill ll'lln:l_~I'(d
<lltl('; i1,"c,rgi" pill)' npp',] floors: ma.\11 h,.:! Oil Ill;;; ;loor of (nk.
1!l,'tiJ,~ Vln'>h No, lh I :iq~)I!Ilil l'\tW, j)":JI\--\V:;"h())1~10n CUlM,
lfalrh',:\H:-- -lirmu_(, {IHi!-!; (J ordina::-ty[!t\ VJ~linr.
sr,,)
('1101' Ill<" Jot),\\'<>I,d ~:"Ulf,\l~-'\; 1~ en ;;hell.
( :o",lnr:tOls--C0i'J).;r F:,h;lillg 'i'ill
I): Vleflri,; FnJII(C"- C(w"illg ~x', h:: [Jot \V.\l,., ll('<l:in;.:--C(hlill~:
S; \Vlr :'l:--·l\)~lipj: ~:(-""J')
!7!ulIlbh'i: -- (")5\Hlg, SX:() 00 T
i J';limitlg \<').(('11'-" j l ) ( [ 11",:ri"1"; d,;phoiUd hO!1\c 81.JjJ",): pt\,(:r hO\l$(\ $1:;1: I;;), V; (;Jaz!ng ·!)oubl>: Lhick (;('!Ill'}l1 !~la,;<;,
Fl\'t' {'ollJI(:('loro:
or
>.\'1'11 kw)\vn H'p.llnli()H all,] (,';'lwriel!t.'~' W"tCt:E'1l s('lcctuL E;I('1t \\'n:, iul(\' nr1vis(ld of tile dhj('Cl of thi:i illYCs(ig-nli());
and WflS <,,,ked if he \VC:f\' \\'d\illg to lItHkrbkt· lill' pn'JlitrnllOlj or li:,;:on's \yjli,'1! ;;110)11(1 lnlthh;Jly :>t'l forLh. In th" j,cO'l 01' hIS "hiliLy, the l'()~t (illdmlil1g his prot:t) of H lmtl;;;' to 11>' lmilL willi:!l ~nl lllik,..; of
J " f ' 1"1('11 \\,'l" lold
Ho:-;.loH acconJillr; (0 l!;\':;,;t' plan;, ;1111 ~J1CCI l(':tllons. " _ . , L1!;tl' \\'C tk"irnl \0 1,1W\\' tIl(' \,x:lcl tfllth; if. [lhnlleg-cd by AOL,lC {,Ul1tflK", t:)f:i, tlw ('u;>,i ut:l brick 1,,-)11,,<,: ::' 2D l<,). :-:0 pel' C<';lt 1110«( I J,wn (11)(; 01 ,y<)nd L!1,:1l we Wl"IJed III l,now il, as Iluli.ill;.'; l'"nhl1w i..;nllH'd by Hil il1\T,,~i;;a\inn o! t:lig L,\wj \\'bidl W;th hi,;~t'd or iethlt:llC(;\l h,\" ft!ly
f:tnjflt;,,;ll for 011(' type of C(>ll:itnlt'lioll o\'er ~1\1()tl!Cr. , . '
Endl coul.rad')J" (:llfJ:(cd iHto i:H." spilH of t1:(' JIIYcsug-at,w.lJ lw:tJtij;; <llId Hgn",,:d in lig\1n' onL till' (,ost f!tidy, LO thc !l,::iL ()! jus
HIl'!liiY .
The (ol\I)\\'iltj{ ;\\V tltt> bids St\ll!lli\~('d II)" til(' fi'''<: vnnl(;:('ior..; III (JU("~ti()ll;
Comparative Bids
Typo:: r;p <I
:2
c~,
" :~
"
~ "0 ;n ~<2
"
:c l:'tl. u ;"
"
ij~ •
t£ ;:! ~-
,~ "7,"
«•
::l U ~ 2 ~
"
Hle1 .'\0, $()l"P
Bid :\0" (HIS ",\7" 7("5 Jlid ;\0 (")(1:.0 (lj;~J J' H,li
H\" An U.1_';; 119(, 78uj
Hid ~" ,1, ' :' 13" 7!),1" K2~') .\ ".'fill:'! of Hid" ()"O~ n7 l ii) II
Compamtivc Bids
1 ' -Cl:!p\>!"lrd,
',l'-Shil\!:;!'>,
1\),)11<'11 ll;-ick \Va:; 1«,)II,w :-> Ll l u h )-;(.~+: \Vall, Solid S St!<cn, on /l"llqw gluck, (.-"Blid;: Vt"'h,'~r ~>n jlollow Hi,,:!;.
::-;1\10:" ((1) Fnllllc_, ,"" ,,1rirk \"'lId'f ,lJ\ l'n",;-<iillh:
() nJj"k V,.n,'~r 'ill ~llhid;nf':'
S {,
"0 g
'"
'20
,
~ Q
" "
(f,
~7pf) (>,j\);
i' 71)
A
veragcFigures
• £
<
_':;friS9,05
(.~0-t; x,)
737"'"If:
'/611 ,)1)
,;n
K,
(,~14"3 ,(j (YJ"'2 i f ' 72.)1), 1-1- 7' 5>.1 q"
~ 1')" ~;3 (.,2 5 \ X;':r p,>
'I '7,Y' ,::3 -:11
j1)
\)-1-oJ
E
~4o 0
~~
" ~ U 'J\
~ S
S7c-Sr;
()6(',1 ('''()5
7+,(l T/fO -;1\1
Th..:. wrl!,'r believes that theso conlpal'ativ(' cO\';t" I\l'e ]jot unduly f<lv(l!'able to hriel" tn fact, LlH',Y m'(> :not. as frtvol"ahh, to urick aT;
figun:R ",hid, could }.e obtained under ;.;imllar conditions in mDny other dih~;).
