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CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS
International Seminar on Student Housing and
Development (ISHAD 2021)
New Norms of Student’s Development & Well-being:
Sustainability of Student’s Residential Management
A Virtual Conference • 08 - 09 September 2021
i
Copyright © 2021 Student Affairs Department, Universiti Utara Malaysia
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical reviews and certain other non-commercial uses permitted by copyright law. For permission requests, you may write to the publisher as addressed below:
Student Affairs Department Universiti Utara Malaysia
Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia
ii
TABLE OF CONTENT
ISBN i
PRAKATA v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT xiv
STUDENT PERCEPTIONS OF THE ACCEPTABILITY OF SUSTAINABLE ROAD TRANSPORT AT UNIVERSITI UTARA MALAYSIA
Nur Khairiel Anuar, Rohafiz Sabar, Fatin Nabila Mohamad Rozi, Wan Ruzaini Wan Hassan, Asma Mat & Fauzan Fauzan
1
KESEDIAAN MAHASISWA DALAM MENGHADAPI PEMBELAJARAN NORMA BAHARU: PENILAIAN DI INAPAN SISWA PETRONAS DAN SIME DARBY, UNIVERSITI UTARA MALAYSIA
Fathin Farisya Noordin, Nurul Azren Idayu Mohd Nor, Nurul Hannani Sarmani, Nur Aqilah Muhammad Noor & Nurul Aina Syahira Esa
9
TAHAP PENGLIBATAN PELAJAR DAN KESEDIAAN PENSYARAH DALAM PEMBELAJARAN KOKURIKULUM ATAS TALIAN: PENILAIAN DI INAPAN SISWA PETRONAS DAN SIME DARBY, UNIVERSITI UTARA MALAYSIA
Nurul Azren Idayu Mohd Nor, Nurul Hannani Sarmani, Nur Aqilah Muhammad Noor, Nurul Aina Syahira Esa & Mohd Fairus Abd Majid
22
RUANG REHAT PELAJAR: TINJAUAN KEPERLUAN DAN KEPUASAN MAHASISWA KOLEJ KEDIAMAN TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN
Mohd Syamril Aklmar Chek Kassim, Noriha Basir, Mashitoh Abu & Nur Fadzliah Othman
35
ANALISIS TAHAP KEPUASAN PELAJAR DALAM PENGURUSAN PUSAT ISOLASI UniMAP SEMASA PANDEMIK COVID-19 MENGIKUT PROSEDUR OPERASI STANDARD
Noriha Basir, Mohd Fo‘ad Sakdan, Mahyun Ab Wahab & Mohd Syamril Aklmar Chek Kassim
48
STRATEGI DAN KESAN PENGURUSAN NORMA BAHARU BAGI PENEMPATAN PELAJAR DI KOLEJ KEDIAMAN TUN FATIMAH, UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA: SATU PERKONGSIAN Nur Ilyani Ramli, Noreina Kepal@ Nasir, Mohd Azham Azmi, Mohd Fikri Mohd Masrom, Abd Khalil Abd Rahim, Baharudin Yaman @ Abdul Ghani, Siti Maria Anuar & Muhammad Nur Aiman bin Rahmat
73
FACTORS AFFECTING ROAD TRAFFIC CRASH AMONG
UNIVERSITY STUDENT IN UNIVERSITI UTARA MALAYSIA CAMPUS Sarah NurZulaikha Mohd Saari, Nur Khairiel Anuar & Rohafiz Sabar
87
iii
A STUDY OF THE MASTERY OF PROBLEM-SOLVING SKILLS AMONG THE STUDENT LEADERSHIP COUNCIL (MKP) OF UTHM RESIDENTIAL COLLEGES
Mohd Safiee Idris, Mohd Azlan Jamaluddin, Sarala Thulasi Palpanadan, Mohamad Zulhairi Mohd Bosro & Thillai Nayagee Arumugam
97
KEMAHIRAN KERJA BERPASUKAN DALAM KALANGAN MAJLIS KEPIMPINAN PELAJAR KOLEJ KEDIAMAN UTHM
Mohd Safiee Idris, Mohd Azlan Jamaluddin, Nadirul Hasraf Mat Nayan, Mustafa Kamal Shamshuddin, Mohd Yassin Ibrahim & Riyaz Ahmad Mohamed Ali
109
KEMAHIRAN INTERPERSONAL DAN KOMUNIKASI DALAM KALANGAN MAJLIS KEPIMPINAN PELAJAR (MKP) KOLEJ KEDIAMAN UTHM
Mohd Safiee Idris, Hairuddin Harun, Mohd Azlan Jamaluddin, Radin Dewistiawati Radin Mohamed, Ahmad Rizal Madar & Muhammad Farhan Mohd Arif
120
TOLONG ORANG MAHU BANTU ORANG: PENGALAMAN UNIT PENGURUSAN NON RESIDENT UITM MENGURUSKAN KEBAJIKAN DAN KESEJAHTERAAN PELAJAR NON-RESIDENT SEPANJANG PERINTAH KAWALAN PERGERAKAN
Hisyam Che Mat & Ikhwana Misnan
134
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ACTIVITIES UNDERTAKEN TO REDUCE PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACTS TOWARDS STUDENTS IN YAYASAN ALBUKHARY AND BANK MUAMALAT STUDENT RESIDENTIAL HALL (YMU) DURING ISOLATION
Siti Nur Zulaikha binti Mohd Zawawi, Nurul Aina Natasya binti Ahmad Halbi, Siti Nur Hidayah Bt Izham, Nur Syahira binti Ramlan, Jafni A.
Ibrahim, Azhar Anis Mohammad &
Mohd. Farhan Ismail
148
PELAN STRATEGIK HAL EHWAL PELAJAR DAN ALUMNI (HEPA), UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA (UPM), 2021-2023
Amini Amir Abdullah, Arifin Abdu, Daljit Singh Karam & Aminuddin Hassan
164
PENYEDIAAN PENGINAPAN YANG KONDUSIF: CABARAN KEPADA UNIVERSITI “BERUSIA” PASCA 2020 - PELAKSANAAN DI KOLEJ- KOLEJ KEDIAMAN, UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA
Amini Amir Abdullah, Mohd Khairul Jusoh @ Yusof, Hanis Johari, Fazdlil Zakuan & Siti Nur Amirah Tumadi
175
PELAN TRANSFORMASI GOVERNAN: PENGGABUNGAN KOLEJ- KOLEJ KEDIAMAN UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA (UPM)
Amini Amir Abdullah, Arifin Abdu, Daljit Singh Karam &
Aminuddin Hassan
194
iv
CHALLENGES IN INTEGRATING RESEARCH AND SERVICES AT STUDENTS’ RESIDENTIAL COLLEGES DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Daljit Singh Karam, Arifin Abdu, Amini Amir Abdullah & Keeren Sundara Rajoo
213
21st CENTURY TEACHING AND LEARNING: UPM’S APPROACH OF MOOC IN OpenLearning.com
Amini Amir Abdullah, Arifin Abdu, Daljit Singh Karam, Aminuddin Hassan
& Mohd Daud Awang
223
PELAKSANAAN SISTEM PENGURUSAN KUALITI (QMS) MS ISO 9001:2015, DI KOLEJ-KOLEJ KEDIAMAN UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA.
Amini Amir Abdullah, Arifin Abdu, Daljit Singh Karam, Aminuddin Hassan, Mohd Daud Awang, Mohd. Khairul Yusuf@Jusoh & Muhammad
Najmuddin Hamid
236
MASALAH TALIAN INTERNET YANG LEMAH DAN PERSEKITARAN YANG TIDAK KONDUSIF UNTUK TUJUAN PEMBELAJARAN DALAM KALANGAN PELAJAR KOLEJ KEDIAMAN UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA (UPM) PASCA TEMPOH PERINTAH KAWALAN PERGERAKAN (PKP) COVID-19
Amini Amir Abdullah, Arifin Abdu, Daljit Singh Karam, Aminuddin Hassan
& Mohd Daud Awang
266
STUDY ON THE EMOTIONAL STRESS OF STUDENTS OF THE KOLEJ CANSELOR (KC), UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA DURING THE MOVEMENT CONTROL ORDER (MCO) OF COVID-19
PANDEMIC
Amini Amir Abdullah & Mohd Daud Awang
295
PENCIPTAAN BAKAT DALAM JAWATANKUASA KEPIMPINAN DAN PEMBANGUNAN SISWA (JKPS) INASIS DAN KELAB DI INSTITUSI PENGAJIAN TINGGI DI MALAYSIA
Ahmad Azizi Mohd Kasri, Rohafiz Sabar, Muhammad Idzham Rosidi &
Nur Khairiel Anuar
323
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SPEECH FROM SECRETARY GENERAL OF MOHE
First and foremost, let us extend our gratitude to Allah for it is because of his grace and blessings that we have the opportunity to come together on the occasion of The International Seminar on Student Housing And Development Or ISHAD 2021, jointly organised by Universiti Utara Malaysia and The Malaysian Universities Housing Council or MAPUM.
Despite the fact that we are still dealing with the global problem of covid-19, we are able to meet today through a virtual platform.
Congratulations and well done to the organisers.
The recent change in Malaysia‘s political landscape has seen a new cabinet has been formed, and to be led by a new prime minister, Yang Amat Berhormat Dato‘ Sri Ismail Sabri Bin Yaakob. In his maiden speech, the prime minister has introduced a new mantra to promote unity and empathy through the concept of a Malaysian Family or
―Keluarga Malaysia‖. The Prime Minister has also emphasized three important principles that need to be uphold by the leaders in carrying out their duty in serving the people.
Firstly, is the need to be sensitive to people's needs, secondly is to be responsible and trustworthy, and thirdly to restore the confidence of the people.
These principles should also be applied to the higher education sector, as the higher education institutions are established to fulfill the needs of the country. Hence, the
―Keluarga Malaysia‖ concept introduced by our prime minister should also be considered when planning the student housing and development. Higher education institutions need to ensure that the residential colleges and housing for students would provide an environment that promotes unity. It is important for the higher education institutions to instill the spirit of ―Keluarga Malaysia‖ among the students.
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Therefore, the activities planned in the residential colleges should prepare students to be more responsible and trustworthy, especially in these trying times.
Higher education is viewed as one of the most important platforms for achieving the goal of restructuring the country's social and economic patterns and meeting the demands of society in an inclusive manner in order to build a cohesive and strong nation. Thus, from 2012, the government has granted autonomous status to higher education institutions, particularly to public institutions, in order to make them more independent, efficient, and sustainable in institutional governance, financial management, and the development and management of student activities.
I understand that the awarding of autonomous status is based on an audit procedure that employs the instruments of the code of university good governance or ‗CUGG‘ and the university good governance index or ‗UGGI‘. The ministry of higher education believes that the grant of this status, which is based on accountability and transparency, will allow university management to make the best decisions to the best interest of the students and the management, particularly in the area of student development in accommodation centers or student residential colleges.
Student residential colleges, sometimes known as student dormitories, have a significant impact on students' academic progress and overall personality development.
A residential college should not be considered as a mere structure or a dwelling.
However, it must be viewed as an organisation or a place of learning with a culture and environment. Students from diverse states, with varied dialects, faiths, and racial backgrounds, live under one roof, influencing them culturally to live with and socialise with others. When students live at residential colleges, they are exposed to a variety of cultures, including the culture of academic education, personality development, effective communication, and the culture of leadership and management.
We are still at war with an enemy that has never been encountered before, and we must continue to contribute in any way we can to win this war and the most important way is to help the country to reach herd immunity. Ministry of Higher Education is always committed in providing continuous support to the policies implemented by the government to ensure the well-being of the people is preserved. The ministry, together
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with the covid-19 immunization task force or ‗CITF‘, had set up a special team to identify the higher education institutions that could become the vaccination administration centers or ‗VAC‘. I am happy to share that as of 3rd September 2021, we have a total of 36 VACs that include public universities; university teaching hospitals or ‗HPU‘; private institute of higher learning or IPTS; and polytechnics. I am pleased to be informed that UUM has also set up a VAC. I believe that provision of these VACs will help to accelerate our effort towards achieving herd immunity under the national covid-19 immunisation programme.
Apart from providing VAC facilities in higher education institutions, the ministry also played a role in ensuring the success of the Malaysian volunteer vaccine mobilization program or MyVac, alongside the ministry of technology and innovation through CITF, the Ministry of Youth And Sports or KBS, student volunteers foundation or better known as YSS and the Malaysian Red Crescent Society or PBSM. As of 21st June 2021, a total of 6,353 volunteers had registered in the MyVac system. These volunteers include students from public universities, private universities, polytechnics and community colleges. They are responsible in assisting with venue preparation, logistics, registration of vaccine recipients, temperature screening, and coordinating the movement of the elderly and disabled to the designated VAC. It is very enlightening that our higher education institutions are indeed producing students who could function beyond the classrooms and are able to contribute to our beloved country in many ways.
One of the realities that we need to face as a result of covid-19 outbreak is the great reduction on the number of international students coming to further their studies in our country. In addressing issues on student housing and development in this seminar, we should also factor in the international students. Although the current situation does not allow for the students to be in our country, their situations when they do come must be clearly planned and strategized. It is crucial for us to start preparing for all possibilities.
I believe with the current progress in the vaccination process in majority of the countries, including ours, it will not be long before we start opening our borders again.
Therefore, universities should start planning on ways to promote higher education in Malaysia. What could we offer them? How can we make them choose our universities?
One, of course is by offering them good accommodation. But this is not all. Offering
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good residential colleges or housing for international students is undeniably essential, but it is not the only selling point.
It is my believe that to promote our higher education institutions, we need to portray the authenticity and uniqueness of our country. We should showcase more of our arts and culture that we preserve even in the midst of modernization, like the Wayang Kulit Sri Asun, which is well-known in Kedah. Our traditional music such as Gamelan, Ghazal, Dondang Sayang and musical instruments like Gambus, and Rebana, are also part of what make us unique. We also have many cultural dance that are exclusive in their own way, like the Sumazau from the Kadazan-Dusun ethnic groups in Sabah, and Mak Yong, a traditional Malay opera that integrates singing, dancing, acting, guest singing, music performance, gagging and other performing arts. It has a history of at least 800 years.
Another important factor that only could be found in Malaysia is our monarchy system.
The country has nine states that are headed by Sultan, Raja and Yang Di-Pertuan Besar, and every five years or when needed, these Malay rulers will convene to elect Yang Di-Pertuan Agong among them. This is a unique system that is not practised by other countries in the world and should also be shared.
These are a few ideas that I feel could be leveraged on by higher education institutions in the quest to bring in more international students to our higher education institutions, on top of offering top-notched residential colleges and housing for local, as well as international students.
With the cooperation from all parties involved, I am optimistic that this seminar will certainly offer ideas for improvements to the guidelines that will be distributed to students when they return to their respective residential college later. The rules will undoubtedly meet the current needs for adapting to new norms, as well as provide a framework for us to constantly be prepared to face a variety of possibilities. I am also certain that MAPUM, which has long been formed under the aegis of the office of the Deputy Vice-Chancellors for student affairs, would coordinate all forms of information connected to preparedness in deciding practices that satisfy the new standards.
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I also believe that this seminar would be extremely beneficial to all parties and serve as a spark for varied planning and execution of student welfare programmes. To all the representatives from the various universities in the consortium and all participants, thank you for committing your time and energy towards the success of this seminar.
It is my sincere hope that all the delegates will have a fruitful and enjoyable experience.
On that positive note and in the name of Allah, the most gracious and most merciful, I hereby declare the International Seminar on Student Housing and Development 2021 officially open.
Thank you and Wabillahi Taufiq Walhidayah Wassalamualaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh
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PREFACE MAPUM PRESIDENT
Alhamdulillah, first and foremost, let us together express our infinite gratitude to Allah Subhanahuwata‘ala for His grace and blessings given to us all. On this auspicious day we were also given the opportunity to meet in conjunction with the International Seminar on Student Housing and Development (ISHAD) 2021.
I would like to thank Yang Berbahagia Datuk Seri Dr Mazlan Yusof, Secretary General of the Ministry of Higher Education for his presence to officiate the International Seminar on Student Housing and Development (ISHAD) 2021 this morning.
I would also like to congratulate the organizing committee and all parties who have worked together to make today's event a success. MAPUM also fully supports the organization of such programmes which bring benefits in developing students holistically.
As everyone knows, we have faced various challenges during the past year when the world was hit by the Covid-19 pandemic. The education system was to some extent also affected when for the first time teaching and learning was conducted entirely online. The university management and students together faced the challenges and managed to adapt until we were all immersed in this new way of life. Quality education must be maintained even in the context of new norms to ensure that graduates remain relevant to current market needs and able to face the challenges and increasing competition, especially in the age of knowledge-based and science and technology-based economy.
We always hear the expression "Education Begins at Home". This is also the similar on campus. Student accommodation on campus is not only a place for students to seek protection and rest, but it can also act as a second home for students who are able to provide comfort and education in developing students' personality. The experience of living on campus plays a very important socialization role in the formation of the character and personality of students.
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Accommodation facilities such as accommodation on campus or adequate off -campus accommodation facilities around the campus is a very important factor because it affects the readiness of students to come into the realm of study.
Accommodation management teamn needs to be more careful in helping students to develop their potentials. Furthermore, when dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic, students spent more time in their respective rooms as teaching and learning were conducted entirely online. This adversity should be viewed wisely and seen from a positive point of view, how can we make the best use of this opportunity in developing proactive and competitive students.
I believe all universities and colleges involved have always taken the welfare of students seriously especially during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Students who stay on campus can enjoy various facilities on campus such as Wi-Fi service, shuttle bus on-campus, cheaper food prices in the cafeteria, facilities for recreation, worship, association, holding academic and non -academic discussions, security control and access health facilities services.
The impact of accommodation is considered important because the environment affects the well -being and health of a student. Student health is not just physical health but includes mental health which is a hot issue nowadays. Students spend a lot of time with laptops and cell phones in their rooms while completing assignments online. Mental health factors need to be considered because they play an important role in the formation of productive, high -performing individuals and in-turn will determine the growth of a country.
According to a survey conducted by the American Psychological Association in America found that as many as 78% of people reported experiencing depression in life following the Covid-19 outbreak. There are studies in Malaysia that found that physical imprisonment which has forced an individual to stay at home for a long period of time and if the atmosphere of the home is not healthy, it will contribute to stress to the individual. Things like this are the same as students who are likely to feel confined in their accommodation and this needs to be monitored accordingly by the accommodation management team.
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Accommodation management team needs to be perceptive to the problems that arise as a result of living the new norms. Various crises need to be addressed such as emotional stress among students, financial management, student leadership which has become increasingly difficult to hone, administrative problems involving accommodation staff and other issues that need to be addressed. We can no longer adopt 100% of the outdated leadership styles and patterns but we need to be more creative and innovative in solving problems and come up with new ideas that can help us move forward.
This is also one of the objectives of this ISHAD which is to provide an opportunity for all involved to share their ideas and innovations. All those involved also need to follow the current trend by outlining new guidelines that are in line with the new norms. We are all like a family that will go through these challenges and tests together. There is no issue of competition and who is better at managing this pandemic.
Student accommodation is a very important factor that affects the learning process and cognitive development of students. Good student accommodation including satisfactory infrastructure and administration is central to the development of human capital and student discipline in the university education system.
Today's world demands a dynamic and comprehensive transformation in the way of thinking in the aspect of producing individuals with strong identities, suitable aptitudes, noble personalities, knowledgeable and highly skilled. Student accommodation is seen as a center of human development and student discipline in the university education system to improve the quality of life of students.
At the university level, the emphasis on learning in lectures and outside lectures should be balanced. Each university should provide sufficient space for students to gain as much knowledge and experience as they can. Student accommodation is no exception as it provides space and opportunities for students to be active in organising activities in various fields.
This is because in this day and age, students face great challenges. They need to be prepared with a variety of knowledge to face their future as the new norms are part of their life nowadays. When organizing online programmes these days, it is difficult for us to identify the potentials and hone the talents of students but this is our challenge to always place the academics and personality of students as our priority.
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Facilities such as comfortable study space, room capacity, roommates, staff involved, student involvement in programmes, monitoring and control and other related issues should be reviewed and assessed in accordance to the new norm. We have to admit, living with a pandemic has changed our way of life and the way we think.
To conclude, on this occasion, as the Chairman of MAPUM, once again I would like to congratulate and thank UUM as the host for the organization of ISHAD 2021 where this time around, a transformation has been instigated - that is to bring ISHAD to the international level. My sincere thanks to all parties who have worked together to make this programme a success.
May such noble efforts be continued and further developed in the future. I would also like to remind all of us to always follow the SOPs set by the government in curbing the spread of this virus and hopefully this world will become free from the Covid19 pandemic.
Thank you.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to thank all Secretariat of ISHAD 2021 and presenters from all colleges and universities in Malaysia. Our highest appreciation also goes to all the participants for their participation in our conference. Finally, thanks to our UUM management and others who directly or indirectly involved in this endeavour.
Thank You.
Editors
Nor Azura A Rahman Siti Rozaina Kamsani Azizi Ab Aziz
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STUDENT PERCEPTIONS OF THE ACCEPTABILITY OF SUSTAINABLE ROAD TRANSPORT AT UNIVERSITI UTARA MALAYSIA
Nur Khairiel Anuar Rohafiz Sabar
Fatin Nabila Mohamad Rozi Wan Ruzaini Wan Hassan
School of Technology Management and Logistics, Universiti Utara Malaysia [email protected]
Asma Mat
Counselling Centre, Student Affairs Department, Universiti Utara Malaysia Fauzan Fauzan
Tunku Puteri Intan Safinaz School of Accountancy, Universiti Utara Malaysia
Abstract
People enjoyed the freedom of movement, sustainable, efficient and affordable transport system. It must enable all of people regardless of wealth, status, gender and disabilities to meet the need to travel to the workplace, home and for recreational and social activities efficiently, at a reasonable cost, through a sustainable use of resources and without serious adverse impacts on the envi- ronment. Thus, this research focuses on the relationship between sustainable transportation and traffic awareness and environmental concerns with the accept- ability to sustainable transportation among students at Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM). The crisis due to overcrowding, social comforts, pollution, crimes and unfriendliness are considered. The quantitative approach and random sampling were selected and 150 structured questionnaires was distributed among students at UUM. One-way ANOVA was used to see the differences of student‘s accept- ability towards sustainable transportation. The results indicates that all the sus- tainable elements have a significant positive relationship with the acceptability towards sustainable road transportation. Therefore, it is important to promote sus- tainable road transportation for better future of transportation development.
Keywords: Green Transport, Surface Access, Land Transport.
Introduction
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Three different casualties in road accidents; slight, serious and fatal are identified. A slight casualty relates to an accident which involves at least one person who is slightly injured but no person is killed or seriously injured. It is also recorded as an injury of a minor character such as a sprain (including neck whiplash injury), bruise or cut, which are not judged to be severe or slight shock requiring roadside attention but no further medical treatment. With a current traffic throughout much of the developed world, there is an imminent need to understand the current transportation requirements (Alsnih and Hensher, 2003; O‘Hern and Oxley, 2015) of transport users, and to ensure sustained safe mobility and comfort on road access. The use of public transport, cycling, car shar- ing, private transport and other innovative transport initiatives in an efficient and viable manner is recommended (Coogan, MarketSense Consulting LLC and Jacobs Consul- tancy, 2008) for better road transportation sustainability.
Setting the Scene
Air pollution is the main issue all over the world. Air pollution can be characterized as an adjustment of air quality that can be described by estimations of substance, organic, or actual poisons in the air. Thus, air pollution implies the unwanted presence of debasements or the anomalous ascent in the extent of certain constituents of the air. It very well may be ordered in two segments: visible and invisible air pollution. Air pollution is brought about by the presence in the environment of toxic substances, mostly delivered by human activities, even though occasionally it can result from regular marvels, for example, volcanic eruptions, dust storms and wildfires, also depleting the air quality. On the other hand, people live in an enormous city or any area where there are bunches of suburbanites out and about, they are likely acquainted with the effects of traffic congestion. What people may not understand is the degree of the effects-heavy traffic congestion that could tremendously affect life, vocation, future, and even well- being. Traffic congestion isn‘t essentially a problem, but instead the answer for our fundamental mobility problem, which is that too numerous people need to move at similar occasions every day. Since the effective activity of both the economy and school frameworks necessitates that people work, go to school, and even get things done during about the exact hours so they can interact with one another. That fundamental necessity can‘t be changed without crippling in the economy and society. A similar problem exists in each significant metropolitan territory in the world. The quality of
3
transport infrastructure is a vital determinant of performance in the transport sector and the advancement of transport infrastructure to help monetary development. Nations go through significant measures of cash every year to fabricate, keep up, and improve their transport infrastructure because of the growing passenger and freight mobility needs and the need to recapturing infrastructure. Decision makers need information on spending and the yields accomplished from infrastructure spending to organize venture.
This is basic under strict spending imperatives. Notwithstanding the significance of the transport sector, there are an absence of cross-country examination of information sources, results, and proficiency. This mirrors the absence of an analytical framework for comparisons, and significant problems identifying with data availability, 3efinetions, coverage, quality, and comparability. This is all problem statement that come out in this task.
Acceptability to Sustainable Transportation
Steg and Gifford (2005) define sustainable transport as finding an appropriate balance between future and current environmental, social and economic qualities. Sustainable mobility may be regarded by analyzing the viability of the transport infrastructure itself, concentrating on the positive and negative values and environmental impacts of traffic and transport whether they are today or in the near future. According to Pridmore and Miola (2011), sustainable transportation can be understood by analyzing the sustainability of the transport itself. It can be view either in the positive or negative way on the environment, public health, safety and security, land use, congestion, economic growth, and social inclusion. Public acceptability plays a key role in tackling the unsustainable condition and maintaining successful sustainability initiatives. Castillo and Pitfield (2010) identified five objectives for a sustainable transport which includes livable neighborhoods, environment protection, equity and social inclusion, safety and healthy, and supporting efficient economy.
Sustainable Transportation Awareness
Sustainable transport awareness is important for people in the urban area that have a problem of traffic congestion and a lot of users of a car in the road that make impact lack of harmonies environment surrounding. According to Nasrudin, Mohd Noor and
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Abdullah (2018), people are not ready to consider cycling and walking as alternatives.
People know and aware of the impact that happened in their surrounding area but not willing to take another good action or alternative that prevent from this happened again.
For example, a lot of people are not ready to change from car mobile to bicycle as their mode of travelling. In term of awareness, most people are showing their awareness of the dangers of motor vehicles towards the environment (Nasrudin, Mohd Noor and Abdullah, 2018). However, they refused to use a more sustainable mode of travelling. It shows that people are not ready yet to accept change for a good environment for good community or political and awareness of using another mode of travelling for a better environment. Besides, in an urban area, good transport facilities and infrastructure is needed. According to Singh, Gurtu and Singh (2021), a sustainable transport system must provide mobility and accessibility to all urban residents in an environmentally friendly manner. Mobility and accessibility must play a role for environmentally friendly.
Perhaps, better infrastructure especially in the urban area can reduce traffic congestions and private car users. Moreover, controlling road transportation and the selection of optima alternatives by the public may play a vital role in controlling environmental pollution. Which mean people are the responsibility and as a lead to make changes to their environment.
Traffic Problem Awareness
According to Islam, Thue and Grekul (2017), road users‘ behaviour is an important factor in almost all collisions, as almost 95% collisions are attributed to some sort of driver error. Whether a driver is travelling too fast for the conditions, a pedestrian is impaired, a motorcyclist is distracted, or a cyclist is not following the rules of the road, collisions are strongly related to road user behaviour. Good attitude while driving the vehicle and knowledge to use the road in the right way without any accident could overcome the traffic problem. Furthermore, the probability to have high traffic conges- tions are during festival season are drivers disobey of traffic rules and driving behav- iour.
Environmental Concern
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Environmental concerns refer to the human evaluation or attitude towards the conse- quences for the environment (Fransson and Gärling, 1999). The overuse and destruction of environment by the human being is continuously increasing and this led to the rise of environmental concern to preserving the ecosystem for the future generation. Ac- cording to Bouscasse, Joly and Bonnel (2018), the mode choice habit can be influenced by the environmental concerns and that the effect is partially influenced by the percep- tion and feelings towards public transport. Also, pro-environmental motivation is not enough for most individuals to participate in action that eliminates or decreases the use of private vehicles for the benefit of sustainable transport.
Research Methodology
This study used the quantitative approach to access the acceptability to transport trans- portation among UUM students. Primary data was collected from students using struc- tured questionnaires. Random sampling was used to distribute the questionnaire using google form platform. The questionnaire was distributed through social media such as Facebook and WhatsApp platform. The respondent used Likert‘s five-point-scale to measure the opinion of different customers on different parameter. The scale ranging from (1) ―Strongly Disagree‖ and (5) ―Strongly agree‖. 150 questionnaires were used for this study. The simple probability sampling is the most suitable design for this study as it‘s generalized the findings to the whole population. Using this sampling technique every member of the population has the same probability to be chosen.
Data Analysis and Findings
The demographic profile of the study includes gender, age, race, college and semester.
The total of female respondents is 107 or 71.3 percent and male respondents are 43 or 28.7 percent. The group of age of respondents are between 21 and 22 years old (91 or 60.7 percent), followed by 23 and 24 years old (37 or 24.7 percent), 19 and 20 years old (11 or 7.3 percent) and 25 and above (11 or 7.3 percent). Most races involve in this study are Malay (96 or 64.0 percent), followed by Chinese (31 or 20.7 percent), Indian (20 or 13.3 percent) and others (3 or 2.0 percent). Student from College of Business (COB) are 85 or 56.7 percent, College of Law, Government and International Studies (COLGIS) are 48 or 32.0 percent, and College of Arts and Sciences (CAS) are 17 or 11.3 percent. The result indicates that the alpha value for each variable is ranged from
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0.721 to 0.889. according to Nunnaly (1980), the score below 0.6 is poor, between 0.60 and 0.70 is acceptable, between 0.8 and 0.9 is good and above 0.9 is excellent. Thus, the reliability of each variable of the study is acceptable. The one-way ANOVA be- tween-groups analysis of variance was performed to investigate the mean difference of satisfaction among groups. The result shows that there is a significant difference of acceptability towards sustainable transportation (p=0.035). Pearson correlation is used to identify the relationship between the variables. Sustainable transport awareness (value=0.487, p=0.000) shows a positive relationship between sustainable transport awareness and the acceptability to the sustainable transportation. The traffic problem awareness (value=0.478, p=0.000). This show that there is a positive relationship be- tween traffic problem awareness and acceptability to sustainable transportation. Envi- ronmental concern (value=0.556, p=0.000). Thus, this demonstrate that environmental concern has a positive relationship with the acceptability to sustainable transportation.
Conclusion and Recommendation
The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between sustainable transport awareness, traffic problem awareness, environmental concern and the acceptability to- wards sustainable transportation among UUM students. The overall results indicates that all the variables have a significant positive relationship with the acceptability to- wards sustainable transportation. This study presented the highest contribution to the overall acceptability which was the environmental concern (β= 0.311, Sig= 0.002). Then, it was followed by the awareness of sustainable transport (β= 0.201, Sig= 0.022) and the least position which was awareness of traffic problem (β= 0.180, Sig= 0.041). The relationship between traffic problem awareness with the acceptability towards sus- tainable transportation was measured by using reliability statistic test. The medium re- lationship between two variables can be seen through results outcome (cronbach‘s Al- pha = 0.923, r=0.478, sig= 0.000).
The results indicates that the acceptance to use sustainable transport are influenced by the sustainable transport awareness, traffic problem awareness and environmental con- cern. It is important to promote the usage of the sustainable transportation to reduce greenhouse gas emission. It is vital for the university to provide the students with sus- tainable transportation like public transport and bicycles. Alternative transport solu- tions
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should take into consideration in order to minimizing the environmental impact to the environment especially in the campus area. With the use of technology, the fea- sible mode of transport can be developed.
The researcher suggest that further study should be conducted to all the higher institu- tion across Malaysia by enlarge the sample target population to gain a different result. In addition, it is recommended to make a comparison by including private university as their target population. This study helps to determine the acceptability towards sustain- able transportation among UUM students.
Acknowledgements
This research was supported by Ministry of Higher Education (MoHE) of Malaysia through Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS/1/2020/UUM/02/1). We also want to thank to the Research and Innovation Management Centre (RIMC), Universiti Utara Malaysia for facilitating the processes of our research activities, and the partici- pants who gave us the invaluable inputs.
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in an aging population‘, Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 37(10), pp. 903–916.
Bouscasse, H., Joly, I., & Bonnel, P. (2018). How does environmental concern influence mode choice habits? A mediation analysis. Transportation research part D:
transport and environment, 59, 205-222.
Castillo, H., & Pitfield, D. E. (2010). ELASTIC–A methodological framework for identify- ing and selecting sustainable transport indicators.Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 15(4), 179-188.
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(Airport Cooperative Research Program), Report 4. Washington, D.C.
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Fransson, N., & Gärling, T. (1999). Environmental concern: Conceptual definitions, meas-
urement methods, and research findings. Journal of environmental psychology, 19(4), 369-382.
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Nasrudin, N., Mohd Noor, H., & Abdullah, Y. (2018). Public Awareness towards Sustaina- ble Transportation in Shah Alam, Malaysia. Published For AMER ABRA Ce-Bs By E- International Publishing House, 2398-4295.
Pridmore, A., & Miola, A. (2011). Public acceptability of sustainable transport measures:
A review of the literature.
Singh, A., Gurtu, A., & Singh, R. (2021). Selection of sustainable transport system: a case study. Management Of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, 31(1), 100-113.
Steg, L., & Gifford, R. (2005). Sustainable transportation and quality of life. Journal of transport geography, 13(1), 59-69.
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KESEDIAAN MAHASISWA DALAM MENGHADAPI PEMBELAJARAN NORMA BAHARU: PENILAIAN DI INAPAN SISWA PETRONAS DAN SIME DARBY,
UNIVERSITI UTARA MALAYSIA Fathin Farisya Noordin
Inapan Siswa Petronas dan Sime Darby, Universiti Utara Malaysia [email protected]
Nurul Azren Idayu Mohd Nor
Inapan Siswa Petronas dan Sime Darby, Universiti Utara Malaysia [email protected]
Nurul Hannani Sarmani
Inapan Siswa Petronas dan Sime Darby, Universiti Utara Malaysia [email protected]
Nur Aqilah Muhammad Noor
Inapan Siswa Petronas dan Sime Darby, Universiti Utara Malaysia [email protected]
Nurul Aina Syahira Esa
Inapan Siswa Petronas dan Sime Darby, Universiti Utara Malaysia [email protected]
Abstrak
Proses pembelajaran secara atas talian adalah proses yang melibatkan manusia, komputer, internat dan bahan pengajaran yang menghasilkan output kepada pelajar dan organisasi. Tujuan kajian ini adalah (1) untuk mengkaji tahap kesediaan mahasiswa terhadap pembelajaran secara norma baharu; (2) untuk mengkaji mod yang menjadi pemilihan mahasiswa semasa norma baharu; (3) untuk mengkaji tahap keseriusan dalam pembelajaran norma baharu mengikut jantina. Kajian ini melibatkan mahasiswa yang berada di Inapan Siswa Petronas dan Sime Darby, Universiti Utara Malaysia.
Kajian ini juga akan melihatkan disiplin seorang mahasiswa, pemilikan peranti pengkomputeran dan tahap kemahiran mahasiswadengan teknologi yang berkaitan dengan pendidikan. Tanggapan menunjukkan bahawa pelajar mempunyai persepsi yang sedikit positif terhadap pembelajaran secara atas talian. Ramai mahasiswa menggunaka telefon bimbit yang berteknologi tinggi secara meluas dan mempunyai pengalam menggunakan beberapa aplikasi seperti media sosial, akan tetapi tidak ramai yang mempunyai pengalaman dalam menggunakan alat atau aplikasi pembelajaran
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secara atas talian yang lain. Perbincangan ini merangkumi cadangan untuk konteks budaya dan reka bentuk pembelajaran norma baharu yang akan berlangsung secara atas talian.
Kata Kunci: Kesediaan, Norma Baharu, Pembelajaran, Keberkesanan, Teknologi
PENGENALAN
Secara asasnya, aktiviti pembelajaran bagi mahasiswa di universiti dilaksanakan secara bersemuka seperti tahun-tahun sebelum ini, pensyarah akan menerangkan secara jelas di dalam kuliah berkenaan topik yang akan dibincangkan, kuiz akan dibuat didalam suasana kelas, pelajar boleh terus menanyakan soalan-soalan kepada pensyarah setelah habisnya kuliah dan ujian akhir juga kebiasaanya dilaksanakan di hujung semester di dalam dewan atau tempat-tempat yang telah ditetapkan mengikut jadual yang dikeluarkan oleh universiti. Malangnya, pada tarikh 18 Mac 2020, kerajaan telah mengisytiharkan Perintah Kawalan Pergerakan (PKP) di seluruh negara berikutan dengan penyebaran virus Covid-19 yang kian naik secara mendadak. Kawalan ini merupakan suatu usaha kerajaan bagi membendung penyebaran Covid-19 dan menghalang ia dari terus merebak di negara ini. Semua pergerakan telah dihadkan dan perhimpunan ramai adalah dilarang sama sekali termasuk aktiviti sosial, sukan, keagamaan dan budaya. Hanya premis yang menjual barangan keperluan sahaja dibenarkan beroperasi dengan mengikut Prosedur Operasi Standard (SOP) yang telah dikeluarkan oleh Majlis Keselamatan Negara (MKN).
Susulan dengan pengisytiharan Perintah Kawalan Pergerakan (PKP) pada tarikh tersebut, mahasiswa universiti adalah golongan yang paling terjejas pada saat itu, aktiviti pembelajaran dikendalikan secara atas talian sepenuhnya termasuk kuiz dan ujian akhir semester. Sebahagian besar mahasiswa dan juga pensyarah amat terkesan dengan pandemik ini dimana mereka tidak bersedia untuk memulakan pembelajaran cara baharu. Di awal tempoh itu, ramai mahasiswa mengalami masalah tekanan dari segi emosi kerana kurangnya tahap kesediaan mereka untuk manghadapi waktu kritikal seperti berikut.
Norma Baharu Dalam Pengajaran Dan Pembelajaran.
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Dalam usaha mengatasi pandemik ini, pembelajaran dalam talian menggantikan pembelajaran bersemuka, menjadi lazim di kalangan ahli akademik dan mahasiswawalaupun pada awalnya terdapat sebahagian mahasiswa yang tertekan dan menentang pembelajaran secara atas talian tetapi tanggungjawab itu mesti diteruskan.
Samada secara teradun atau menggunakan Web 2.0, pensyarah, dan pelajar mesti menyesuaikan diri dengan keadaan semasa (Rathakrishnan, 2020). Di waktu pendemik ini, isu yang perlu digariskan oleh kalangan mahasiswa dan juga pensyarah dalam penerimaan pembelajaran norma baharu ini adalah proses pembelajaran menggunakan teknologi terkini seperti telefon, laptop, internet dan juga platform dalam talian seperti Webex, Google Classroom, Google Meet, Microsoft Team, Edmodo, Zoom, Skype, WhatsApp,Facebook Live dan Telegram (Noor Rohana Mansor, 2021). Pelbagai aplikasi sokongan untuk melaksanakan aktiviti dan penilaian juga boleh digunakan oleh mahasiswa dan juga pensyarah seperti Kahoot, Mentimeter, Powtoon, Screencast-O- Matic, Canva,Podcast, Quizziz, Socrative, Google Form, dan Edpuzzle. Di samping itu, mahasiswa juga boleh menggunakan emel ataupun Google Drive untuk berkomunikasi dan menyiapkan kerja kumpulan yang diberikan oleh pensyarah.
Senario ini selaras dengan agenda Revolusi 4.0 berasaskan teknologi dan mewujudkan sistem pendidikan yang tetap inovatif dan berteknologi tinggi kepada generasi mahasiswa moden untuk meneruskan masa depan mereka seperti yang diumumkan sebelum ini. Zhiyasheva Zhanar Shoraevna (2021) melaporkan bahawa perkembangan ICT membolehkan lebih banyak perkhidmatan maklumat dapat dicapai digunakan dalam aplikasi pendidikan dan penting bagi pendidik untuk mengadaptasi teknologi, menunjukkan perubahan positif terhadapnya agar dapat menggunakan teknologi yang sedang berkembang dan mengintegrasikan pelajaran mereka dengan teknologi untuk melatih individu masyarakat bermaklumat.
LATAR BELAKANG MASALAH
Pengajaran dan pembelajaran adalah perkara penting dalam kehidupan bagi setiap individu. Secara khususnya, pembelajaran pertama yang dialami oleh sesesorang bermula sejak kecil lagi iaitu semasa masih bergelar sebagai seorang kanak-kanak.
Pembelajaran pertama yang diterima oleh sesorang individu juga adalah bermula daripada rumah. Hal ini adalah kerana kanak -kanak akan mempelajari dan terokai pelbagai perkara baharu. Walau bagaimanapun, aliran pembelajaran bagi setiap individu
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akan berubah secara berperingkat bermula dengan alam persekolahan dan seterusnya ke alam pengajian tinggi. Secara globalnya, memasuki alam pengajian tinggi merupakan pengalaman yang mencabar kepada remaja kerana mereka harus berpisah dengan keluarga bagi meneruskan pengajian di tempat yang ditawarkan kepada mereka.
Pandemik Covid-19 yang telah melanda dunia ini sedikit sebanyak memberi kesan terhadap sektor Pendidikan terutamanya dalam institusi pengajian tinggi. Berikutan dengan pandemik ini, sesi pengajaran dan pembelajaran berubah mengikut norma baharu yang mana pembelajaran berlangsung secara atas talian dan bukan lagi secara bersemuka. Secara tidak langsung, dalam berhadapan dengan pandemik ini, kebanyakan mahasiswa turut terkesan dari segi sosial, fizikal, mental dan emosi. Hal ini menunjukkan bahawa kebanyakkan mahasiswa belum cukup bersedia untuk menghadapi proses membelajaran secara norma baharu ini. Walau bagaimanapun, pembelajaran ini tetap harus diteruskan kerana sektor Pendidikan adalah antara sektor yang penting untuk melahirkan generasi muda yang berguna.
Permasalahan kajian ini adalah untuk mengenal pasti kesediaan mahasiswa dalam menghadapi pembelajaran norma baharu di Inapan Siswa Petronas & Sime Darby , Universiti Utara Malaysia. Di Malaysia, pengajian tinggi seperti Asasi, Matrikulasi, Diploma mahupun Sarjana Muda menjalankan sesi pengajaran dan pembelajaran secara bersemuka. Pengajaran dan pembelajaran secara bersemuka ini dianggap lebih praktikal kerana ia akan melibatkan komunikasi dua hala yang aktif antara tenaga pelajar atau pensyarah dengan mahasiswa sendiri. Pengajaran dan pembelajaran ini juga antara salah satu cara bagi melahirkan mahasiswa yang berkualiti dari pelbagai sudut.
Seterusnya, kajian ini dijalankan bagi mengenal pasti tahap cabaran yang dihadapi oleh mahasiswa Inapan Siswa Petronas & Sime Darby, Universiti Utara Malaysia sepanjang pandemik covid-19 ini dijalankan. Hal ini adalah kerana terdapat mahasiswa yang meneruskan pembelajaran di rumah, manakala ada juga sebahagian daripada mahasiswa yang memilih untuk menetap di Inapan Siswa Petronas & Sime Darby, Universiti Utara Malaysia. Oleh itu, kajian ini dijalankan bagi mengumpulkan maklumat yang berkaitan cabaran dan kekangan yang dihadapi oleh mahasiswa.
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Akhir sekali, kajian ini dilaksanakan untuk mengkaji tahap keberkesanan pengajaran dan pembelajaran atas talian dalam kalangan pelajar di Inapan Siswa Petronas & Sime Darby, Universiti Utara Malaysia dalam norma baharu ini. Hal ini adalah bagi mengukur tahap keberkesanan pembelajaran sama ada ke arah yang positif ataupun negatif kepada mahasiswa.
OBJEKTIF
Berdasarkan pernyataan masalah adalah menjadi matlamat utama kajian ini untuk meneliti dan menganalisis serta mencari jawapan terhadap masalah berikut seperti yang ditunjukkan. Ini dapat membantu pengkaji merancang dan melaksanakan penyelesaian strategik dalam menjadikan pembelajaran norma baharu dengan memberikan pendidikan yang berkualiti sama dengan proses pembelajaran secara bersemuka. Secara lebih khusus, kajian ini bera saskan kepada objektif- objektif berikut:
Untuk mengkaji tahap kesediaan mahasiswa Inapan Siswa Petronas dan Sime Darby dalam penerimaan pembelajaran norma baharu.
Untuk mengkaji mod yang menjadi pemilihan mahasiswa semasa norma baharu.
Untuk mengkaji tahap keseriusan dalam pembelajaran norma baharu mengikut jantina.
SOROTAN KARYA
Pembelajaran norma baharu menjadikannya signifikasi dengan perspektif mahasiswa yang berbeza dari segi mod pembelajaran iaitu pembelajaran campuran, pembelajaran atas talian, pembelaaran jarak jauh, dan interaksi secara bersemuka.
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Rajah 1 menggambarkan teori kajian dimana ia menunjukkan cabaran yang dihadapi oleh mahasiswa adalah berbeza seperti sambungan internet yang lemah, ketiadaan komputer riba dan pencetak, kurang pengetahuan tentang teknologi, dan masalah kewangan. Hal ini telah mempengaruhi penerimaan pengajaran dan pembelajaran terhadap mahasiswa dari segi pembelajaran atas talian, pembelajaran campuran, interaksi secara bersemuka dan pembelajaran jarak jauh.
Teori pembelajaran atas talian adalah tidak sama seperti teori pembelajaran tunggal yang wujud bagi pengajaran secara umum; pembelajaran secara bersemuka. Pelbagai teori telah muncul untuk membantu teori pembelajaran atas talian, di mana kebanyakannya berasal dari teori pembelajaran utama yang telah dibincangkan.
Beberapa teori dikaji dari segi kesesuaiannya untuk pembelajaran atas talian:
Pembelajaran kolabratif atas talian (OCL) adalah teori yang dikemukakan oleh Linda Harasim yang memfokuskan kepada kemudahan Internet bagi menyediakan persekitaran pembelajaran yang kondusif untuk membantu meningkatkan pengetahuan. Beliau menggambarkan OCL sebagai teori pembelajaran baharu yang menumpukan pada pembelajaran kolaboratif, pengembangan pengetahuan, dan penggunaan Internet sebagai salah satu cara untuk membentuk semula pendidikan formal, non-formal, dan informal (Harasim, 2012, hlm. 81).
Pembangunan teori bersepadu pembelajaran atas talian secara umum telah dinyatakan oleh Terry Anderson (2011) bahawa kemungkinan teori pembelajaran atas talian akan dimulai dengan anggapan yang ia akan menjadi tugas yang sukar dan tidak mungkin akan dilaksanakan. Beliau menjalankan usahanya dari perspektif pendidikan jarak jauh, di mana beliau banyak menghabiskan kerjayanya di Universiti Athabasca, penyedia pendidikan jarak jauh utama di Kanada. Anderson mengakui bahawa ramai ahli teori menganggap pembelajaran atas talian sebagai ―subset kepada pembelajaran secara umum‖ (Anderson, 2011, hlm 46-47). Beliau juga menyatakan bahawa pembelajaran atas talian sebagai subkumpulan pendidikan jarak jauh selalu mementingkan penyediaan akses kepada penerimaan pendidikan, sekurang-kurangnya lebih fleksibel dalam masa dan ruang pendidikan berasaskan kampus (Anderson, 2011, hlm 53).
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Model Anderson menganggap bahawa tidak ada arahan yang disampaikan dalam mod tradisional, secara bersemuka, dan tidak termasuk model pembelajaran campuran yang mempunyai beberapa komponen bersemuka. Bosch (2016) dalam tinjauan beliau bagi teknologi pengajaran, mengenal pasti dan perbandingan antara empat model pembelajaran menggunakan dua puluh satu komponen reka bentuk yang berbeza.
METODOLOGI
Kertas cadangan yang disediakan ini adalah bagi menghuraikan dengan lebih mendalam tentang kesediaan mahasiswa dalam menghadapi pembelajaran norma baharu khususnya di Inapan Siswa Petronas & Sime Darby Universiti Utara Malaysia.
Mahasiswa adalah golongan remaja yang menjadi harapan negara kerana merekalah yang akan mengambil alih tugas dalam menjaga dan mentadbir negara pada masa yang akan datang. Oleh itu, mahasiswa perlu disiapkan dari pelbagai sudut terutamanya dari segi fizikal dan mental agar tidak mudah rebah apabila dihujani cabaran.
Kertas kerja ini dijalankan dengan cara menggunakan isu-isu yang dikupas di dalam artikel dan penyelidikan bagi membincangkan isu yang hampir sama sebagai rujukan.
Selain itu, pengumpulan data berdasarkan pemerhatian terhadap mahasiswa Inapan Siswa Petronas & Sime Darby turut dilaksanakan. Oleh hal yang demikian, kertas kajian ini lebih tertumpu kepada satu kawasan sahaja yang melibatkan mahasiswa yang menginap di Inapan Siswa Petronas & Sime Darby.
DAPATAN KAJIAN DAN PERBINCANGAN
Tahap Kesediaan Mahasiswa Terhadap Pembelajaran Secara Norma Baharu.
Kesediaan adalah amat penting dalam proses pendidikan, ia merup akan input penting bagi sistem pembelajaran dan pengajaran di universiti. Perubahan tingkah laku seorang mahasiswa adalah berdasarkan kesediaan mahasiswa tersebut. Hari ini, pembelajaran dan pengajaran boleh dijalankan secara atas talian menggunakan pelbagai aplikasi.
Tetapan ini adalah berbeza dengan pendidikan yang dijalankan secara langsung berhadapan bersama tenaga pengajar. Terdapat banyak faktor yang mempengaruhi kesediaan pelajar dalam menghadapi pembelajaran secara atas
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talian ini. Oleh itu, kesediaan untuk pembelajaran dalam talian ini dinyatakan sebagai masa pengurusan dan kemahiran bimbingan diri yang bersifat semula jadi.
Walaubagaimanapun, kesediaan dan penerimaan mahasiswa terhadap penggunaan teknologi adalah sangat berbeza. Teknologi mampu mempengaruhi sikap, niat dan tingkah laku pengguna atau individu tersebut yang sebenarnya untuk menggunakan teknologi baru. Prinsip asasnya ialah mahasiswa lebih cenderung menggunakan teknologi yang baru jika mereka berpendapat bahawa ia mampu membantu mereka melakukan tugas mereka dan mudah untuk digunakan. Jadi kajian ini akan membuktikan dan mengkaji kesediaan dan penerimaan mahasiswa terhadap teknologi baru yang bakal digunakan dalam pembelajaran dan pengajaran atas talian oleh tenaga pengajar di universiti.
Selain itu, kajian-kajian lepas yang telah dibuat mengatakan bahawa terdapat ramai mahasiswa yang belum bersedia dengan pembelajaran norma baharu, ini kerana mahasiswa berasa pengalaman dan pengetahuan mereka dalam menggunakan komputer atau teknologi yang disediakan tidak mencukup untuk menghadiri kelas pembelajaran norma baharu. Mahasiswa juga berkata mereka mengikuti kursus yang tidak berkaitan dengan sains komputer, oleh itu, mereka tidak lengkap dengan pengetahuan dari segi teknologi walaupun mereka mempunyai subjek asas dalam komputer. Oleh sebab itu, terdapat ramai mahasiswa tidak bersedia untuk sesi pembelajaran secara norma baharu.
Mod Pembelajaran Yang Menjadi Pilihan Mahasiswa Semasa Norma Baharu.
Penyebaran penyakit berjangkit yang menular di tahun 2020 telah membuatkan penutupan keas fizikal. Pembelajaran secara atas talian melalu penggunaan beberapa peranti seperti komputer, komputer riba, tablet dan telefon bimbit dengan akses internet dalam persekitaran segerak dan tidak segerak menjadi kaedah pembelajaran atas talian sebagai alternatif terbaru. Melalui kaedah dan
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persekitaran pembelajaran ini, mahasiswa mempunya kebebasan dalam belajar dan berhubung dengan pensyarah mereka di mana sahaja. Terdapat dua mod dalam pembelajaran atas talian, iaitu secara segerak dan tidak segerak, ia bergantung pada pemakaian aplikasi semasa berinteraksi.
Pembelajaran secara atas talian segerak menyediakan interaksi langsung antara pensyarah dan mahasiswa semasa kelas melalui aplikasi seperti persidangan video atau ruangan sembang. Untuk pembelajaran secara atas talian tidak segerak pula menyediakan peluang untuk pensyarah dan mahasiswa berinteraksi sebelum atau selepas kelas secara atas talian melalui perbincangan d alam emel atau aplikasi portal tertentu. Pembelajaran secara atas talian memberikan kelebihan dalam pembelajaran berdikari dan mengembangkan kemahiran baharu dalam proses yang membawa kepada belajar seumur hidup.
Walaubagaimanapun, pembelajaran secara atas talian memberikan banyak cabaran kepada mahasiswa yang kurang berkemampuan dari segi kewangan, mahasiswa kurang upaya dan mahasiswa yang terpinggir dan mempunyai sumber dan akses yang terhad untuk pembelajaran secara atas talian.
Ketidakupayaan untuk mengakses dan melibatkan diri dalam sesi pembelajaran secara atas talian boleh menyebabkan perbezaan dan keciciran di antara mereka. Pembelajaran secara atas talian juga memerlukan komitmen mahasiswa dan disiplin, terutamanya bagi pelajar yang rentan memerlukan interaksi yang perlu memantapkan kemahiran sosial mereka.
Kajian-kajian yang lepas mengatakan bahawa mahasiswa lebih sukakan mod modul bercetak dan secara bersemuka untuk berinteriksi. Ini menunjukkan bahawa terdapat ramai mahasiswa masih memilih proses pembelajaran di mana pensyarah menerangkan pelajaran diikuti dengan penilaian. Selain itu, mahasiswa juga memilih untuk digabungkan bahan dalam talian, bahan bercetak, ceramah, perbincangan dan penilaian bersemuka. Ini membuktikan bahawa mahasiswa dapat membuat proses pembelajaran mereka melalui sumber pembelajaran atas talian mereka.
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Tahap Keseriusan dalam Pembelajaran Norma Baharu Mengikut Jantina
Pandemik COVID-19 telah mengubah corak kehidupan manusia, menghalang pertumbuhan ekonomi, dan mempengaruhi sistem pendidikan. Sekiranya aktiviti pengajaran dan pembelajaran (PdP) pada masa lalu adalah secara bersemuka, situasi kini telah mengubah keadaan sebaliknya iaitu pembelajaran melalui alam maya. Lantaran itu, pihak kami telah menjalankan kaji selidik ke atas beberapa kajian lepas yang berkaitan dengan objektif. Khususnya, kajian selidik kami memberi fokus kepada mahasiswa yang mendiami Inapan Siswa Petronas dan Sime Darby di Universiti Utara Malaysia. Kaji selidik mengenai tahap keseriusan dalam pembelajaran norma baharu mengikut jantina yang dibuat adalah untuk mengenal pasti golongan jantina yang cenderung untuk lebih serius semasa aktiviti pengajaran dan pembelajaran (PdP) secara maya.
Dalam hal ini, pihak pengurusan universiti dan pihak pengurusan inapan siswa dapat memberi tumpuan kepada jantina yang didapati tidak serius sepanjang tempoh PdP secara maya. Berdasarkan kajian lepas, didapati mahasiswa mudah merasa bosan sedari PdP secara bersemuka lagi apabila pensyarah memberi penerangan secara menerus tanpa melibatkan diskusi dengan mahasiswa semasa kelas berlangsung. Hal ini menyebabkan segelintir mahasiswa telah memilih untuk tidur atau membuka aplikasi yang tidak berkaitan dengan pembelajaran sewaktu kelas PdP secara maya. Bagi mahasiswi pula, kajian mendapati mereka lebih fokus dengan pembelajaran dan sentiasa bersedia untuk menghadiri kelas yang dibuat oleh pensyarah. Perkara ini menunjukkan kelainan dari segi penerimaan mahasiswa dan mahasiswi untuk belajar secara maya semasa pandemik Covid-19.
Selain itu, terdapat kajian yang dijalankan oleh Ab Manan (2003) menunjukkan bahawa pencapaian Purata Nilaian Gred Keseluruhan (PNGK) bagi mahasiswa dan mahasiswi di UiTM mempunyai jurang perbezaan dimana pencapain mahasiswi didapati lebih baik berbanding mahasiswa. Sehubungan dengan itu, pencapaian akademik yang lebih baik dikalangan mahasiswi adalah kerana mereka lebih cenderung untuk mengulangkaji pelajaran bersama rakan dan
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memahami matapelajaran dengan lebih baik. Berbanding dengan pencapaian akademik oleh mahasiswa yang menunjukkan prestasi kurang memuaskan kesan daripada pergaulan sosial oleh sesetengah mahasiswa yang menyebabkan mereka hilang fokus terhadap pembelajaran.
RUMUSAN
Secara keseluruhanya, hasil dapatan dari kaji selidik bagi melihat tahap kesediaan mahasiswa terhadap pembelajaran norma baharu menunjukkan reaksi yang negatif. Hal ini akan memberi kesan kepada mahasiswa dan mahasiswi dari segi kelancaran pembelajaran norma baharu dan seterusnya akan mengganggu konsentrasi semasa kelas berlangsung jika aplikasi yang digunakan pensyarah tidak difahami penggunaannyaoleh mahasiswa. Justeru itu, pihak pengurusan universiti perlu membuat garis panduan mengenai aplikasi dan medium pembelajaran yang boleh digunakan pensyarah dan membuat panduan penggunaan bagi mahasiswa.
Selain itu, mod pembelajaran yang menjadi pilihan mahasiswa adalah mod modul bercetak dan secara bersemuka. Melalui pembelajaran norma baharu pihak universiti hendaklah lebih arif dalam memperkenalkan mod pembelajaran yang mudah diterima oleh mahasiswa iaitu penggabungan bahan dalam talian, bahan bercetak, ceramah, perbincangan dan penilaian bersemuka. Hal ini kerana, mahasiswa lebih cenderung untuk mempunyai interaksi fizikal berbanding interaksi secara maya bagi melancarkan mod pembelajaran mereka.
Akhir sekali, kajian terperinci terhadap tahap keseriusan dalam berhadapan dengan pembelajaran norma baharu bagi jantina di inapan siswa perlu diperhalusi untuk memudahkan pihak pengurusan univesiti dan pensyarah dalam membantu mahasiswa semasa pandemik Covid-19. Klasifikasi mengikut jantina lebih mudah untuk dibuat penilaian kerana sifat semula jadi mereka akan memberi tindak balas yang sama walaupun mengambil bidang yang berlainan di universiti.
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