ANALISIS KADAR NATRIUM (Na) DAN KALIUM (K) DALAM MADU HUTAN DENGAN METODE SPEKTROFOTOMETRI SERAPAN ATOM
ANALYSIS OF THE LEVELS OF SODIUM (Na) AND POTASSIUM (K) IN FOREST HONEY WITH ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOMETRY METHOD
JUMRAHYANA
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of East Indonesia 2020
ABSTRAK
Madu merupakan salah satu sumber daya alam yang mengandung berbagai nutrisi, mineral bermanfaat bagi manusia. Sebagian besar mengkonsumsi madu ini dengan tujuan kesehatan atau obat.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kandungan Natrium dan kalium beserta kadarnya yang terdapat di dalam madu hutan. Analisis kedua logam tersebut menggunakan metode dektruksi kering serta uji kualitatif berdasarkan uji nyala api dengan menggunakan kawat dan Uji kuantitatif dengan menggunakan Spektrofotometri Serapan Atom. Berdasarkan analisa kualitatif menunjukkan bahwa Madu hutan positif mengandung natrium yang ditandai dengan terdapatnya warna kuning pada nyala api dan mengandung kalium yang ditandai dengan terdapatnya warna ungu pada nyala api. Berdasarkan hasil analisis kadar natrium dan kalium pada madu hutan yang berasal dari Daerah Masamba, Kabupaten Luwu Utara memiliki kadar Kalium lebih tinggi dibandingkan kadar Natriumnya.
Kata kunci : Madu, mineral, natrium, kalium, Spektrofotometri Serapan Atom
ABSTRACT
Honey is one of the natural resources that contain a variety of nutrients, minerals beneficial to humans. Most consume this honey with the goal of health or medicine. This research aims to determine the content of sodium and potassium and its origin in the forest honey is derived from masamba, North Luwu regency. The analysis of the two metals uses a dry digestion method and a qualitative test based on the flame test formed in the forest honey using wire and quantitative test using by the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. In qualitative analysis indicates that the positive forest honey contain sodium characterized by the occurrence of yellow color in the flame a contains potassium marked with the occurrence of purple in the flame. Based on the results of analysis of sodium and potassium in forest honey originating from Masamba district in North Luwu district has higher potassium levels than the sodium levels.
Keywords : honey, minerals, sodium’, potassium, Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
PRELIMINARY
Indonesian public awareness about the benefits of consuming natural honey is increasing along with advances in honey processing technology. Most of them use this honey for health or medicinal purposes because they believe in the authenticity and benefits of natural honey. In addition, Indonesia has biodiversity in the types of bees and the honey produced is very
rich in bioactive components that are beneficial to health (Jaya, Firman. 2017).
Forest honey is called multi flora honey because it is produced from a variety of different plants. Generally, forest honey is blackish brown.
This is because forest honey contains a lot of minerals, enzymes and various other useful substances which are more complete when
compared to other types of honey which are lighter. Forest honey is natural honey produced from bees that get food from natural ingredients, not from food that has been provided by humans.
Today many people cultivate bees, by providing the food needed by honey bees and producing honey. However, the quality and quantity are different from real honey (Muslim, Teguh. 2018).
The body needs nutrients in the form of minerals, getting quality nutrition is an absolute prerequisite for basic health. One of the mineral content in honey is useful for stabilizing acidity and it is very important to maintain acid balance in the body. Honey includes foods that contain alkalis. Therefore, the nutritional value of food and its medicinal properties will increase, depending on the alkaline content in honey (Hasbi, M. 2015).
Mineral levels in honey can improve the health level for those who consume honey, including sodium plays a role in maintaining the balance of body fluids and acid-alkaline and potassium plays a role in regulating the function of muscle contraction and blood pressure.
Potassium and sodium are a pair of minerals that work together to maintain the balance of the body's electrolyte fluids, where potassium functions to complement the functions of sodium (Maslicha, Sari & Anang, T W. 2017).
Based on previous research by Putu Setya et al. (2016), analysis of sodium and potassium levels in natural honey using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer, sodium standard is measured at a wavelength of 330.3 nm and the standard of potassium is measured at a wavelength of 404.4 NM. The sodium level obtained was 236.6898 (mg / kg) and the potassium level was 94.9175 (mg / kg). Where, the sodium levels obtained are higher than the potassium levels. This is because the mineral content of honey is not always the same depending on geographical conditions and mineral sources from the soil (Putu, Setya, et al.
2016).
Laboratory analysis to determine levels of sodium and potassium in honey often uses methods that involve Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry).
Atomic absorption spectrophotometry is one of the most important instrumentation techniques for environmental metal analysis based on the absorption of light with a specific
wavelength. Atomic Absorption
Spectrophotometry is relatively easy to use, reliable and at a fairly economical cost compared to other instrumentation techniques (Sinaga, R. B, 2017)
Based on the description above, the problem in this study is what are the levels of sodium (Na) and potassium (K) in forest honey using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry method?
The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of sodium (Na) and potassium (K) in forest honey using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry method.
The benefits of research are to provide information on mineral content in forest honey as a preliminary test and development of science related to health and pharmacy so that it can be used as an alternative herbal treatment option and as a reference material for further research.
WORKING METHOD A. Type of Research
This type of research is a laboratory experimental study that aims to determine the levels of sodium (Na) and potassium (K) contained in forest honey using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric Method.
B. Time and Place of Research
This research was conducted in September 2019 at the Chemical Laboratory, Great Hall Health Laboratory (BBLK) Makassar
C. Tools and Materials Used 1. Tools Used
Atomic Absorption
Spectrophotometer (AAS), stirring rod, glass bottle, Bunsen, porcelain cups, glass funnel, 10 ml and 100 ml measuring cups, hot plate, round wire / loop, electric furnace, digital scale.
2. Materials Used
Aquadest, HCL, HNO3 (Nitric acid), Sodium (Na) mother liquor, Potassium (K) mother liquor, Whatman filter paper, Forest Honey,
D. Research Methods 1. Sampling
Forest honey used in this study came from forest honey traders obtained from Masamba District, North Luwu Regency.
2. Sample Processing
The forest honey that has been obtained is brought to the laboratory. After the sample arrives at the laboratory, before the forest honey sample is analyzed, it is homogenized and then weighed as much as 10 grams in a porcelain dish.
3. Sample Preparation
Forest honey in a porcelain cup as much as 10 grams. Then charred on a hot plate until brownish foam then transferred to the furnace and ignited at a temperature of 450ºC for 24 hours. The resulting ash was allowed to cool to room temperature.
If there is still carbon residue, add 2 ml of HNO3 then reheat it on the hot plate to dry. Furthermore, it is renewed for 4 hours until a white ash is obtained.
E. Work Procedures
1. Preparation of Sample Solutions
5 ml of HNO3 was added to the dry destroyed forest honey, then heated until the volume was half the previous volume.
After that, add 50 ml of aquadest. Then filtered with Whatman filter paper. The filtrate is then collected in a glass bottle.
The filtered solution is ready for investigation.
2. Qualitative Analysis a. Flame test
1. Elemental Sodium
Prepared Forest honey, take a wire and dip it first in HCL then it is rubbed on top of the Bunsen to clean it from stuck dirt. After that, the wire is dipped in forest honey and then annealed on the Bunsen. Observe the color of the flame that occurs until it forms a yellow color which states that it is positive for containing sodium.
2. Elemental Potassium
Prepared Forest honey, take a wire and dip it first in HCL then it is rubbed on top of the Bunsen to clean it from stuck dirt. After that, the wire is dipped in forest honey and then annealed on the Bunsen. Observe the color of the flame that occurs until it forms a purple color which states that it is positive for potassium.
3. Quantitative Analysis by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
a. Sodium (Na)
1. Preparation of 100 ppm Sodium (N) Standard Solution
Measured as much as 10 ml of 1000 ppm mother liquor then put into a 100 ml volumetric flask.
Dissolved and sufficient volume to mark the limit with aquadest to obtain a standard solution of sodium 100 ppm.
2. Creation of Calibration Curves Measured 100 ppm sodium standard solution respectively as much as 0.05 ml, 0.1 ml, 0.15 ml, 0.2 ml and 0.25 ml. Dissolved until homogeneous and the volume is sufficient to mark the boundary with aquadest until a solution is obtained with a concentration of 0.1 ppm, 0.2 ppm, 0.3 ppm, 0.4 ppm and 0.5 ppm respectively.
3. Determination of levels in the Sample
Measured as much as 1 ml of the sample solution is put into a 100 ml volumetric flask. Then the absorbance was measured using
the atomic absorption
spectrophotometry method at a wavelength of 330.3 NM
b. Potassium (K)
1. Preparation of Standard Solution for Potassium (K) 100 ppm
Measured as much as 10 ml of 1000 ppm mother liquor then put into a 100 ml volumetric flask.
Dissolved and sufficient volume to mark the limit with aquadest to obtain a standard solution of potassium 100 ppm.
2. Creation of Calibration Curves Measured 100 ppm standard solution of potassium, each of 0.1 ml, 0.2 ml, 0.3 ml, 0.4 ml and 0.5 ml. Dissolved until homogeneous and the volume is sufficient to mark the boundary with aquadest until a solution is obtained with a concentration of 0.2 ppm, 0.4 ppm, 0.6 ppm, 0.8 ppm and 1.0 ppm, respectively.
3. Determination of levels in the Sample
Measured as much as 1 ml of the sample solution is put into a 100 ml volumetric flask. Then the absorbance was measured using
the atomic absorption
spectrophotometry method at a wavelength of 404.4 NM.
F. Data analysis
Data analysis was performed using the standard curve method, the linear regression equation was made based on the absorbance and concentration data of the standard solution. So that the levels of sodium (N) and potassium (K) compounds can be calculated with the help of the standard curve equation as follows:
Y = a + bX
Information : a = intercept b = Slope
Y=absorbance/sample absorption
X = sample concentration The values of a and b can be calculated using the formula:
a = (∑y- b.∑x) n b = (n.∑xy- b.∑y)
(n∑x2- (∑x)2)
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
A. Research Results
Based on the research that has been done, data is obtained in the following table:
Table 2. Results of Qualitative Analysis of Sodium (Na) and Potassium (K) in Forest Honey
No Types of
minerals Sample Flame
Color Based on the literature Ket
. 1 Sodium
(Na) A Yellow Yellow Positive
2 Potassiu m
(K) B Purple Purple Positive Source : Mukhtar (2017).
Table 2. Shows that forest honey contains minerals sodium and potassium.
The sample tested positive for sodium and potassium in forest honey according to the test in Table 2.
Table 3. Calculation Results of Quantitative Analysis of Sodium (Na) by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
No. Code Sample
Weight (g)
Absorption Levels (mg/kg)
1 A 10 g 0,0587 115.85
2 B 10 g 0,0371 42.75
Table 4. Calculation Results of Quantitative Analysis of Potassium (K) by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
No. Code Sampe
Weight (g)
Absorption Levels (mg/k)
1 A 10 g 0,2384 1737.30
2 B 10 g 0,4707 3441.88
Information :
A = Forest honey B = Forest honey
Table 3. And table 4. Shows that forest honey contains sodium (Na) and potassium (K). From the data measured the levels of sodium (Na) and potassium (K) in forest honey using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry, namely for the sodium content in sample A as much as 115.85 mg /
kg, sample B as much as 42.75 mg / kg.
Meanwhile, the potassium levels in sample A were 1737.30 mg / kg and B as much as 3441.88 mg / kg.
B. Discussion
In this study, analysis of levels of sodium and potassium in forest honey was carried out. The analysis carried out in this study is qualitative analysis with a flame test to determine the types of minerals (sodium and potassium) contained in forest honey based on the color of the resulting flame which will then be continued with quantitative analysis using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric Method (AAS), namely an analytical method used for the determination of metallic elements.
The analysis process begins with conducting a qualitative analysis first. Where, the end of the wire is cleaned by immersing it in HCL. The goal is that HCL will dissolve impurities / disturbing substances that may stick, so that the impurities will easily evaporate from the wire. The wire is said to be clean if the color of the fire before and when the wire is burned is the same, in this case the color is orange. Then dipped in forest honey to be tested. The forest honey attached to the end of the wire is put into the flame to see its color.
Then proceed with quantitative analysis by making a sample solution, namely using the dry digestion method with the aim of changing the organic compounds in the sample into inorganic metals by ashing the sample. The process begins with charcoal forest honey which has been weighed on a hot plate until brownish foam.
The purpose of using a hot plate is to minimize the smoke that appears during ashes. After that, it is transferred to the furnace to be ignited at a temperature of 450ºC using the furnace because the temperature can be adjusted according to the temperature that has been determined for the ashing process for 24 hours until white ash is obtained, then 5 ml of HNO3 is added and then heated on a hot plate. until the volume is half the previous volume. The addition of HNO3 solution aims to accelerate oxidation.
After that, 50 ml of Aquadest was added and then filtered using Whatman filter paper and the filtrate was then collected in a glass bottle container so that the sample solution was obtained.
The sample solution that has been made is analyzed quantitatively. The quantitative analysis aims to determine the mineral content in the forest honey.
In the qualitative analysis, the results showed that positive forest honey contains sodium which is indicated by the presence of a yellow color in the flame and contains potassium which is indicated by the presence of a purple color in the flame, this is according to the results of research conducted by Mukhtar (2017). The same thing was stated by Vogel (1985), namely the formation of a yellow flame indicates the presence of sodium content and the formation of a purple flame indicates the presence of potassium content.
In the quantitative analysis, namely the determination of levels of sodium (N) and potassium (K) using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) so that the sodium content in honey A was 115.85 mg / kg, B was 42.75 mg / kg. Meanwhile, the potassium levels in sample A were 1737.30 mg / kg and B as much as 3441.88 mg / kg from the number of samples studied.
From the results of the study, it is known that the potassium content is higher than the sodium level. This has a positive effect where sodium functions, namely to maintain body electrolyte fluids and maintain nerve function.
However, when eating foods that contain excess salt can cause high blood pressure or hypertension, the function of potassium can help control blood pressure. Potassium is an essential mineral that the body needs for muscle contraction and for maintaining a healthy nervous system. Adequate potassium intake is an important factor for maintaining good and safe blood pressure levels.
The difference in levels of sodium (Na) and potassium (K) in forest honey is because the mineral content of honey is not always the same depending on geographical conditions and mineral sources from the soil.
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
Based on the research that has been done, it can be concluded that the forest honey analyzed using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (SSA) method positively
contains sodium minerals with forest honey content of 115.85 mg / kg, B as much as 42.75 mg / kg. Meanwhile, the potassium levels in sample A were 1737.30 mg / kg and B as much as 3441.88 mg / kg. With the many ingredients and properties found in forest honey. It is hoped that it can continue research on other mineral content. As well as comparing mineral content in branded honey and forest honey. So that it can be used as information material for the community and a reference or reference for further research.
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