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AN ANALYSIS OF GERUND AND VERB INFINITIVE IN STUDENTS SECOND YEAR ESSAY OF WRITING CLASS
By:
Muhammad Ramydyn1), Siska2), Edward Kemmal3)
1)Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa InggrisSTKIP PGRI Sumatera Barat email: muhammad.ramydyn54@gmail.com
2) Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa InggrisSTKIP PGRI Sumatera email: siskafahlevi@yahoo.com
3) Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa InggrisSTKIP PGRI Sumatera Barat email: edwarkemal@yahoo.co.id
Abstract
The ability of students in using gerund and verb infinitive is the important thing in generic structure. The porpuse of this research is to find out students’ abilities in using gerund and verb infinitive in writing essay. The design of this research is qualitative. The sample of this research is students’ of writing III at STKIP PGRI West Sumatera2014/2015 academic year that chose randomly and they chosen 19 students from 184 students.In collecting data, the writer used documents. The first, the writer did analysis by giving lines in using gerund and verb infinitive of students’ writing. Then, the writer discribed how students’ ability in using gerund and verb infinitive. Based on the result of data, it was found that most of student can use gerund and verb infinitive correctly. Base on 19 students that is correctly in gerund as subject 18 students, gerund as object 11 students, gerund after preposition 15 students, infinitive as subject 17 students, infinitive as object 14 students..
Kemampuan murid dalam penggunaan gerund dan verb infinitive merupakan hal yang penting dalam tata bahasa penulisan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan siswa dalam penggunaan gerun dan verb infinitive di dalam writing essay siswa.Jenis dari penelitian ini adalah kualitatif. Sampel dalam penenilitian ini adalah siswa kelas writing III di STKIP PGRI Sumatera Barat akademik 2014/2015 yang dipilih secara random dan terpilih 19 siswa dari 184 siswa dalam penilitian ini. Dalam mengumpulkan data, peneliti menggunakan dokument. Hal pertama yang dilakukan peneliti adalah peneliti melakukanan alisis dengan memberi tanda disetiap penggunaan gerund dan verb infinitive dari hasil writing siswa. Selanjutnya, penelit imendeskripsikan bagaimana kemampuan siswa dalam penggunaan gerun dan verb infinitive. Dari hasil analisis data berupa hasil tulisan siswa berdasarkan gerund dan verb infinitive ditemukan bahwa kemampuan siswa dalam penggunaan gerund dan verb infinitive tepat. Berdasarkan 19 siswa yang tepat dalam penggunaan gerund as subjevt ada 18 siswa, gerund as object 11 siswa, gerund setelah preposisi 15 siswa, infinitive subject ada 17 dan infinitive object ada 14.
Key Word :Gerund, Verb Infinitive,Writing *) Writter
**) Advisors
INTRODUCTION
Gerund is verb suffix –ing that function as noun. Gerund is important either of part in grammar. When indeed sentences found two verbs without suffix –ing, so meaning from the sentences will become ambiguous or unclear. So verb suffix –ing or gerund is putted in sentences so that will become be understanding or coherence.
Instances of gerund there are verb have equal function with gerund, it is infinitive. Verb infinitive is form affix to-
that too function as noun. Verb infinitive is form verb non-finite that aid the sentences become has the meaning and coherence. So without verb infinitive student sentences is made will become ambiguous or unclear.
Based on the writer’s pre-analysis of student writing essay in using gerund and verb infinitive at English Department at STKIP PGRI, the writer found that the student used gerund and verb infinitive in their essay. First, there are many ways are done by students to get high value. They can write the concept on their hand or the table,
2 using smart phone, look at friend, ask to get the answer. Take a risk to getting good grade.
It is known, it can make bad effect to them.
Because they are lazy to study hard (Nengsih, 13040175, sesi: f). Found the first word they still use verb present (V I) which should is gerund.
Second, they got mistake in gerund as object because they still use verb present (V I) after object as verb such as: there are many forms of cheating used today in classroom.
Some example know today include copy a fellow students homework. The word of copy was answer of some one test. Writing test question down for another students (Gabriel, 13040203, sesi: g).copy should gerund form because transfer is a verb that refers be direct object gerund.
Third they also got mistake in using gerund after preposition. They also still use verb present (V I) after preposition such as:
Beside cheating is usually student do in their exam. They did not scare about do activities.
They sometime except cheat in every examination. In addition the students can not bear cheating to get a good score in the examination (Silvia, 11040249, sesi: f). Do should be doing because doing refers gerund after preposition of gerund.
Fourth in verb infinitive found the things same like of gerund. For example, they still used verb present in the first word that should is verb infinitive such as: cheating in the classroom is phenomena that always happen to the students there are many ways are done by students to get high value. They can writing the concept on their hand or the table, using smartphone, look at friend, ask to get the answer. Take a risk to getting good grade. It is known, it can make bad effect to them. Because they are lazy to study hard (Nengsih, 13040175, sesi: f).
Fifth in the cases infinitive as object the student also use verb present that should also is verb infinitive such as:Besides cheating is usually student do in their exam.
They did not scare about do activities.They sometimes except cheat in every examination.
In addition the students can not bear cheating to get a good score in the examination (Silvia, 11040249, sesi: f).
A lot of problems found in gerund and verb infinitive that still make to confuse student in essay of writing at STKIP PGRI. Researcher was interested about gerund and verb infinitive.
Because, researcher found from the data that students still mistake in using gerund and verb infinitive. Researcher wants to outlook ability
of students in using gerund object of preposition, gerund object of verb, gerund as subject, infinitive as subject and finally infinitive as object of verb.
Gerund have studied since senior high school and else in university when who take English department. Gerund is verb in the sentences have function as noun. Gerund may be used in place as the object of a verb or preposition. Decapua (2008) states that A gerund is verbal that function as noun. A gerund phrase consist verbal modifiers (s), object (S), and/or complement. Azar (2002) states that a gerund is the -ing form of verb used as noun. Since gerund has features of bot noun and verb that they are called hybrid noun for they take characteristic of the verb forms which they are derived and used as noun denoting the action expressed by the verb.
These noun the meaning of English that is, these denote the action in the nominal form (Yashawanta in Devi, 2000: 52).
a. Gerund as Object of Preposition
Gerund as object of preposition is a part of three types of gerund which used after verb and preposition that will be function as noun. The way of using gerund as object of preposition is subject + verb/to be + preposition + gerund. If a verb is used after preposition, it must be the gerund form (Werner and Jhon, 2002: 282). Gerund commonly follows these expressions.
b. Gerund as Object of Verb
Gerund as object of verb is gerund that becomes object of verb (Werner and Jhon, 2002: 282). For example; Hamid enjoy watching football at Gelora Bung Karno.
Watching is gerund and watching be gerund as object of enjoy. The bellow there is list of verb which after verb must be followed by gerund.
If a verb form is used after following verbs, it must be te gerund form.
c. Subject of Gerund
A possessive noun or adjective is often used as subject of a gerund. However, if the subject is a long noun phrase or if it is not a person, the+ [gerund] +of+[subject] can be used.
The infinitive is non-infinitive form of the verb and occurs with infinitive verbs. Bhat and Ningomba in Devi (1992: 52) said that the infinitive is formed by adding nominal suffix to the verb root as in the case gerundial forms.
The suffix is termed as infinitive suffixes.
Sasse in Ramirez (2001: 495) asses that non-
3 finite forms are defined as hybrid categories that combine verbal and nominal characteristic.
That is way they cannot be situated in a simple lexical category. Ylikoski in Ramirez (2003:
190) states that non-finite forms usually fulfill syntactic functions that are considered a typical of finite verbs. On statement above that infinitive is verb non-finite from verb and are defined as hybrid categories combine verbal and nominal.
a. Infinitive as Object of Verbs.
The most common sentence position of infinitives and infinitive phrases is after a main verb. Werner and Jhon (2002: 288) state that infinitive may be used as object of the following verb. The verbs in this chart are generally followed immediately by an infinitive or an infinitive phrase, although at times adverbs may come between the main verb and an infinitive or an infinitive phrase.
b. Infinitive as Subject
Infinitive often follow as subject of a sentence. According to Werner and Jhon (2002:
304), infinitive is occasionally used as subjects to refer to a goal, purpose, or attention. For example; To produce a detailed figure my take any where from a view hours to several weeks.
RESEARCH METHOD
This researcher was qualitative study because the researcher just investigated the condition of a particular object, which was the results of the research, presented in a research report. Sources of data were all of documents that could give information for the researcher in this research. The researcher took the data from the students’ writing task that gave by lecturers at STKIP PGRI West Sumatera. There were nine classes at fourth semester of English department of STKIP PGRI West Sumatera in 2014/2015 Academic year with total 184 students. Thus, the researcher took 10% from students. Thus, the total of sample in this research was 19 students. Then, to analyze the qualitative data, it could be described in three stages; familiarizing and organizing, coding and reducing, and interpreting and representing.
FINDINGS
After analyzing the data, the researcher got findings. From the data that had analyzed, the researcher had answered the research question. The answer of the research question was:
a. Gerund
1. Gerund as subject
Most of students’ writing III at STKIP PGRI West Sumatra could use gerund as subject. It was proofed that there were 14 students who used gerund as subject of their writing. However, there was 1 of 14 students had mistake in using gerund as subject. The s. 3 used 3 gerunds as subject but there was one of 3 sentences that was incorrect. Here, the students could identify where have to use gerund as subject. It meant that they had ability on using gerund as subject because they could when use gerund as subject of their writing.
They could use gerund as subject in every subject of their writing when they should use it.
2. Gerund as object of verb
There were 13 students’ writing III at STKIP PGRI West Sumatra used gerund as object of verb. It considered that there were 6 of 13 students had mistakes in using gerund as object. Moreover, most of them used gerund based on gerund as object of verb formulation.
In other hand, they considered when to used gerund as object of verb in their sentences. It indicated that some of students’ writing III had ability in using gerund as object of verb.
3. Gerund after preposition
There were 4 from 11 students who got mistake in using the gerund after preposition. It was seem to be difficult part for the student because four of them made inappropriate gerund after the preposition. On other hand, most of students had ability in using gerund after preposition. They could use it after preposition of their sentences. Then, they could use gerund after preposition like Azar’s formulation appropriately.
b. Verb infinitive 1. Infinitive as subject
Infinitive as subject was the part of gerund that rarely found in 4 students’ writing.
Based on the data that had analyzed by the researcher, here were 2 students who got mistake in infinitive as subject. In other words, some of students did not fulfill the concept of gerund as object of verb and gerund after preposition which were proposed by Azar or Whener and Jhon theory. Thus, it could be concluded that some of students still did not had enough ability on using infinitive as subject.
2. Infinitive as object of verb
In infinitive as object of verb, there were 5 from 18 students who can not make
4 suitable infinitive as object of verb. In general, the students can use the appropriate gerund as subject. It was caused there were many students that could use the appropriate gerund as subject appropriately. In contrast, there were students in this case, there were many students did not fulfill the concept of gerund as object of verb and gerund after preposition which were proposed by the theory or expert in chapter II.
Thus, related to the review of the related findings in chapter II, it was same findings where most of the students were difficult to use infinitive as subject and infinitive as object of verb.
CONCLUSION
Based on the finding, most of the students were able or competence to use appropriate gerund as subject. It could be seen that most of the students are correct in using gerund as subject of their sentences. Then, they were good in using infinitive as verb in their writing text. They were able to identify where gerund and verb infinitive in their writing tasks.
Besides, the most of students were incorrect gerund as object and gerund after preposition and also infinitive as subject that used by students was part of case. Here, they did not fulfill the concept of gerund verb infinitive correctly. In this part, most of the students wrote or used inappropriate gerund as object, gerund after preposition, infinitive as subject and infinitive as verb. Gerund as object and gerund as verb was the most incorrect parts which were used by the students. Then, the part of infinitive as subject was rarely found in students’ writing.
SUGGESTION
After analyzing the gerund and verb infinitive which were used by the students’
writing III at STKIP PGRI West Sumatra, the researcher has some suggestion for the students, lecturer, and the next researcher.
The suggestions are presented as follow:
1. For students
Students should be active in learning and finding many resources in order to get more knowledge, especially the use of English
personal gerund and to infinitive.It is suggested for the students to practice more in writing.The students should be active in teaching learning process. If they do not understand they must be active or they must ask the teacher to explain it more.
2. For lecturer
The lecturer should pay attention to the material of gerund and verb infinitive. The lecturer should give and explain the material very detail.The lecturer should give the test as much as possible even though the students still make mistake, they will find a new case and it will be very worth for them.
3. For the next researcher
Because of the limitation of this research, the researcher hopes the coming researcher to make more complete study of this case and use this study as the literature in order to get science development of English personal pronouns.
REFERENCES
Azar, Betty. S.1999. Understanding and Using English Grammar 3th Edition.White Plans: Pierson Education
Decapua. 2008. Grammar for Teachers. New Rochelle: Spinger
Devi, Saibam. R. 2014. Function of Nomina LIZED Forms in Manupuri Language.Vol 1 No. 2. pp. 52-56 (http://InternationalJournalofLanguagea ndLinguistics.net//, retrieved on 11 November 2014
Ramirez, S. Q. 2015. SytaticFuntion of Infinitives in English. Australia: AIAC Scharwartz, Micheal and Pei-in L S. 2007.The
Rule of Frequency in SLA: An Analysis of Gerunds and Infinitive. Arizona: ESL Werner, K. W. 2002. MOSAIC 2 4th Edition.
New York: McGraw-Hill Contemporary
