AN ANALYSIS OF REFUSAL TYPES USED IN ORPHAN MOVIE
Meri Indani , Siska , Armilia Riza
Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris STKIP PGRI Sumatera Barat [email protected]
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tipe-tipe penolakan dalam film Orphan. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kualitiatif. Data penelitian ini adalah tutur penolakan yang terdiri dari 2 tipe berdasarkan 31 dialog atau kejadian dalam film Orphan dengan menggunakan dokumen. Selanjutnya, data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan teknik observasi yang dianalisis dengan menggunakan model Miles dan Huberman, yaitu (1) data redaksi, (2) penyajian data, dan (3) penarikan simpulan. Hasil penelitian ini adalah tipe-tipe penolakan yang terdiri dari 2 tipe berdasarkan 31 ujaran atau kejadian serta dengan konteks yang terdapat dalam film Orphan yaitu penolakan secara langsung dan penolakan secara tidak langsung.
Kata Kunci: Tipe-Tipe Penolakan, Film.
INTRODUCTION
People interact each other by using language to share information, express feeling, ask questions, make requests, protest, apologize, thank, do greeting, do farewell, do agreement and do refusal. In such cases, language seems to have as many different functions as the occasions for using language. People can communicate, convey information or message, and influence others through language.
They can also express what they feel and understand. Thus, language cannot
be separated from people’s life. In social life, every single one has own needs, wise, and opinion. Because of those differences, sometimes people have to make different decision from others. In one case, one has to make statement to reject a friend’s request, offer, invitation, and suggestion. It is called as a refusal utterance. Many movies show the type of refusal, and Orphan movie is one of them. The researcher is interested analyzes the refusal used on Orphan movie. In
Orphan movie has variety to reject others question, offer, invitation, and suggestion.
Because in Orphan movie tell that story about the girls who adoption by new family. In dialogue of that movie the researchers can find how someone say “no” or how someone reject an offer, request, invitation, and suggestion.
Based on the experts, refusal have definition. First, Gass and Houck (1999:8) write that when one decides not to accept an initiated act, s/he can generally take three possible refusal approaches: rejection, postponement, or proposal of alternative. For example, in response to a friend's request for borrowing a car tomorrow, one could say “sorry, I can't”, which is a direct refusal or rejection.
Furthermore, Sattar (2011:70) explains that refusal is a negative response to an offer, request, invitation, and suggestion. It means refusal is the utterance as a negative response from the hearer to accept what the speaker’s request, offer, invitation, and suggestion. Refusals are important because of their
communicatively central place in every communication and Refusal is as a response from the hearer and as central place in every communication such as offer, request, invitation.
According to Chojimah (2015:906) refusal is an act which commonly occurs in everyday communication, it is rejection to suggestion, invitation, offers, or request. It can be concluded that refusal is the ways to reject an offer, request, invitation, suggestion or invitation in communication.
Besides, Ansar (2015:163) refusal is the act of refusing or rejecting requests, commands, offers, invitations, etc. it means that refusal is response from the hearer to speaker for rejecting. When someone rejects someone’s request, offer, invitation, and suggestion is called refusal.
Usually by saying “no” or “I reject”. It is depend on the hearer’s respond, the hearer will be say “no” or “ I can’t but(the reason).
Furthermore, Han (2016:169) explain each the type of refusal first, direct refusal refer to phrases such as
“No, I won’t” or “I refuse”, second indirect refusal are indirect categories
that speaker use minimize the offense to hearer and they can include, for example, statement of excuse, regret, some other alternative, or postponement. And adjuncts to refusal include the positive opinion of the interlocutor or expression of empathy or gratitude. It means that direct refusal is utterance that use explicit way to reject others request such as “I refuse and I reject” (performative) and I can’t or I don’t think so (non- performative). And indirect refusal is that categories used by speaker to minimize the offense as a response that include statement of excuse, regret, some other alternative, or postponement to response the speakers’ request, offer, invitation, and suggestion, and while adjuncts to refusal is as a positive responses in empathy or gratitude.
RESEARCH METHOD
This research was qualitative research. According to Bogdan and Taylor in Pickens (2004:299), a qualitative method refers to research procedures, which produce descriptive data, people’s own or spoken word and
observable behavior, in this case utterances. It means that descriptive research was describing the phenomenon without give treatment. It just described about the phenomenon.
To describe the phenomenon the researcher in this research, the researcher used descriptive method with qualitative approach.
According to Sudaryanto (1993:62), the term of descriptive has relation to language study that is called
“descriptive language”. It means that descriptive was a study based on facts or phenomenon empirically exists on the speaker, so the result or note in form of language use. Descriptive method used in this research because the researcher described the phenomenon of refusal type found in the utterances uttered by the family characteristics of Orphan movie.
Qualitative approach used in described the data in word and it is not numerical as the result because the data are in the form of descriptions or written form as the result qualitative research. The source of the data is Orphan movie.
In collecting the data researcher used observation method. The
researcher observed the utterances used by Orphan movie. From this script, the researcher collect the data needed. Thus, the researcher does several steps to collecting the data.
Thus, the steps of data analysis in this research took from Miles and Huberman in Sugiono (2014:91), analysis of the data contained of three steps namely. Those are data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification.
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION In this research, the researcher found types of refusal used in Ophan movie based on combination theory.There were 31 types of refusal based on dialogue/segment in Orphan movie.Two types of refusal are direct refusal and indirect refusal. For example of utterances of direct and indirect refusal can be seen in the table Table 1. Direct Refusal
Direct refusal Non-performative
No Negative Willingness -no!
- No no
-I’m not doing it -I’m not Showing her anything.
- I don’t need help - I don’t
Table 2. Inderect Refusal Inderect refusal
Types Example
Avoidance -I’m just not ready - Do we?
-I don’t think We need to take her
- I’m not sure this is what she meant -Honestly, we’re past that now.
Aren’t we?
- Jessica, your cheating husband - Where you hide your wine bottles - It was the cruelest torture I could imagine Statement of
alternative
-Let’s read something else - Maybe you should send her back to the
retard camp
Statement of principle
- I guess I’m different
- I thought you said there
wasn’t anything wrong with being different dress - I’m Eating Normal
Reason, excuse, explaination
- It was just an accident - But, what if someone comes in and sees me?
- I could sing for you
- Your mother wants you to stay right here
Promise of
future acceptance
- I’ll do better next time
Acceptance that function as a refusal
- There’s nothing to talk about
Attempt to
dissuade interlocutor
- She’s not my fucking sister - That’s not true.
That’s not true at all. I’ve done everything - I didn’t drink it - I’m not lying. I wanted to drink it.
- What are you doing?
What are You doing?
- I’m not your fucking mommy
This research investigated about types of refusal. Total of types of refusal based on combination theory is 3 types of refusal. The researcher found 2 types of refusal in 31 dialogue/segment/datum from the researcher’s obcervation and document checklist. After taking the data, the researcher classified them based on combination theory in their types. The data included 2 types of refusal based on dialogue/segment/datum used by The Family characthers on Orphan movie. The researcher did not found Adjunct as a types of refusal, because orphan movie used western as culture.
While, Adjunct more then like for
Asian culture. Adjunct is positive feedback, however someone reject someone’s request but they will give positive response.
CONCLUSION
From the previous chapter, it can be concluded that refusal is one thing that has really important point. It described as the acts, feeling, utterances that associate with the speaking which could response whether good of bad response in speaking on daily life. Refusal is negative or positive responses of somene’s request, invitation, suggestion, and offer from interlocutor. In this research, the research analyzed the data based on dialogue. The researcher found 2 types of refusal used in orphan movie based on combination theory. There were 31 data of refusal types of dialogue/segment/datum in orphan movie. The researcher found 2 types of refusal in this movie. Those were direct refusal and indirect refusal.
The resaercher hopes that this research can be useful for those who
will conduct the same research about refusal in the future.
REFERENCES
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