Analysis of the SIKEPO Application During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Ramaini1*, Eko Priyo Purnomo2, Suswanta3
1 Student of Master’s Program of Government Affairs and Administration, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Indonesia
2,3 Lecture of Master’s Program of Government Affairs and Administration, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Indonesia
1[email protected], 2[email protected], 3[email protected]
* corresponding author
I. Introduction
Since the stipulation of Covid-19 as a national disaster Presidential Decree Number 12 of 2020 concerning the Determination of Non-natural Disasters. With the spread of Covid-19 as a National Disaster, the government is gradually asking the public to reduce activities outside the home through physical distancing, regional quarantines to Large-Scale Social Restrictions followed by the implementation of studying and working from home [1]. In practice, not all employment sectors allow for work from home, especially those directly related to the public, including civil servants [2].
The various risks posed by the Covid-19 outbreak impact changes in the work order, including State Servants, and government officials in Batang Hari Regency, who lately have been working more from home and carrying out online activities. Nevertheless, the State Civil Apparatus is required not to rule out services to the community and must be adaptive to changes in manual work to digital [3].
Regarding personnel resources, the Batang Hari Regency government in dealing with pandemic conditions has issued a policy so that the apparatus remains productive, while still complying with health protocols. Entering a new phase in the pandemic era, namely the new normal phase where people can return to their activities, work, and worship as usual, but with a new design or method, governance needs to be prepared so that the state civil apparatus remains high-performing [4]. The bureaucracy must remain at the forefront of providing public services by adjusting to existing conditions, namely by optimizing the use of technology, information, and communication in all matters in the government sector [5]. Limited space for movement due to health protocols, the community is still served optimally. Optimal use of technology in supporting the implementation of the tasks of the apparatus certainly requires various preparations and abilities. Conditions like this are in front of us and require adaptation and creativity in their implementation. Paradigms in governance
ARTICLE INFO A B S T R A C T
Article history:
Received 31 Ags 2022 Revised 6 Sept 2022 Accepted 13 Okt 2022
The purpose of this study was to analyze and describe the effect of the electronic application SIKEPO (Online Employee Attendance Information System) from the rule set 2 times a day attendance then changed to 4 times.
This study uses explanatory research with a mix-method approach. The data collection process was carried out by distributing questionnaires and also direct interviews with respondents who were selected by random sampling—testing the data using SEM-PLS. The measurement model is studied through two subs, namely the first: through the outer model. The external model with measurements was assessed through Cronbach alpha and composite reliability.
Second, the inner model is studied through the Coefficient of determination (R2 )and the path coefficient. After the 2 sub-tests were carried out, was continued hypothesis testing as well. The results of this hypothesis test indicate that the SIKEPO electronic presence variable has a positive and significant effect on improving the performance of civil servants during the Covid-19 pandemic, so the hypothesis is accepted. Furthermore, the application of electronic SIKEPO does not have a positive and significant effect on improving the work discipline of civil servants during the Covid-19 pandemic, so the hypothesis is rejected.
Where the work discipline variable has a T statistic of 0.403 where the value is lower than the standard T statistic of 1.96, besides the P value of 0.687, the hypothesis is rejected.
Copyright © 2012 International Journal of Artificial Intelegence Research.
All rights reserved.
Keywords:
SIKEPO, Performance;
Work Discipline;
Civil Servants;
Covid-19
in an unpredictable era and the complexity of existing problems make organizations need to make adjustments through a process of change [5].
This paper aims to analyze the policies of the Batang Hari Regency government in dealing with the pandemic and maintaining the performance of its apparatus so that they are always productive and creative in carrying out public services. The presentation in the study shows the policies carried out by the Batang Hari Regency government in maintaining the performance of its apparatus as well as the influence of electronic applications that are set in controlling the discipline and performance of civil servants in the area during the Covid-19 pandemic..
II. Methods
The type of research used in this research is explanatory with quantitative and qualitative approaches. Explanatory research is research that explains the causal relationship between variables through hypotheses [22]. The population in this study is civil servants in the Batang Hari district. The number of samples that the researchers will take is 98 people. The type of data used in this study is primary data. Primary data is data obtained or collected by people conducting research [23]. In addition, primary data is data obtained through observation, interviews, and questionnaires [24].
Non-probability sampling and accidental were used by researchers to determine the sample to be used [25]. The spontaneity of sampling and accidental use to determine the sample used, namely anyone who accidentally meets the researcher and according to the characteristics of that person can be used as a sample or respondent [26]. The researcher refers to the slovin formula.
𝒏 = N 1 + 𝑁𝑒2
Notes:
n: Sample size N: Population
e: Tolerance of errors (sampling error)
The calculation is based on the above formula with the total population that has a sampling error (e) used is 10% or 0.1 with consideration that the population tends to be homogeneous and aspects research limitations. Based on these considerations, the number of samples from the population in this study is as follows:
𝑛 = N 1 + 𝑁𝑒2 𝑛 = 4703
1 + 4703 (0,1)2 𝑛 = 4703
1 + 4703 (0,01) 𝑛 =4703
48 = 97,97 = 98
The questionnaire in this study was made to be closed, namely, the questions were made in such a way that respondents were limited in giving answers on a scale of 1 to 5 following the Likert Summated Rating (LSR) method.
Table 1 The Likert Summated Rating (LSR)
Specifications Value Scale Strongly Agree 5
Agree 4
Neutral 3
Disagree 2 Strongly Disagree 1
Testing the data using SEM-PLS. This PLS analysis is carried out through two sub-types, namely the first: is through the outer model. The outer model with measurements was assessed through Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability. The second is through the inner model which is studied through, (1) the Coefficient of determination (R2) and (2) the path coefficient. A variable or construct can be said to be reliable if it shows a Cronbach alpha of more than 0.7 and composite reliability shows a value of more than 0.7 [27]. The R-square value of 0.75 has an interpretation that the built strong value of 0.50 interprets that the model built is moderate and the value of 0.25 states that the model that has been built is weak. After going through the R-square evaluation the model will continue by looking at the significance value between variables [28]. The assessment of the significance between variables was carried out using the bootstrapping technique. The use of bootstrap by using all the original samples in resampling [28]. Recommendations for the number of bootstrap samples of 5000 or greater than the original sample. The significance value (two-tailed) used is 1.96 with a significance of 5% [28].
III. Result and Discussion
A. Batang Hari Regency Government Policy regarding SIKEPO during the Covid-19 pandemic The Batang Hari Regency Government has issued Regent Regulation Number 45 of 2019 concerning the Implementation of an Electronic-Based Government System [29]. The accuracy of working hours affects the performance of Civil Servants and the quality of services in every government agency, especially during the current Covid-19 pandemic, online attendance can still be used as usual without any changes [30]. The performance of Civil Servants can be measured by the accuracy of the hours of entering and leaving work because if the Civil Servants are disciplined at a certain time, their performance is also good and the services provided to the community are also better [31].
Work discipline in government agencies is an important capital that must be owned by Civil Servants (PNS) because it involves the provision of public services [32]. Civil Servants are the main element of human resources of the state apparatus and have a role in determining the success of governance and development [33]. Civil servants must have high discipline, good performance and attitudes and behavior that are full of loyalty and obedience to the state, have good morals and mentality, are professional, are aware of their responsibilities as public servants, and can become the glue of national unity and integrity [34].
At the beginning of the enactment of Regent Regulation Number 45 of 2019, attendance for employees was only valid 2 times in one working day and employees could still make attendance outside the room where they worked. However, this is still not effective in improving employee discipline, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic. So based on this problem, the Regent of Batang Hari issued a Circular Number: 200/2070/SE/BKPSDM/2021, that all State Civil Apparatuses within the scope of the Batanghari Regency Government are required to attend 4 times a day. This provision takes effect on June 8, 2020. Attendance can only be done in the workroom of each employee by using face identification.
B. Data Analysis
1) Testing the Outter Model
Evaluating the outer model using an indication of its reflection is how the outer model is tested so that it can be improved. There are two different types of reflection indicators: composite reliability and Cronbach's alpha.
Figure 1 Outter Loading (Processed Primary Data, 2022)
Figure 2 is the result of external loading and will be the basis for the results, interpretation, and measurement of external loading. Then reliability test has been carried out and evaluated using two criteria, namely composite reliability and indicators of construct block measurement of Cronbach's alpha. If the reliability of the constructed value can be demonstrated, then the construct itself is characterized as reliable. Composite and Cronbach Alpha greater than or equal to 0.70 reliability [35].
The following table shows Composite Reliability and Cronbach's Alpha.
Table 2 Composite Reliability and Cronbach's Alpha
Cronbach's Alpha
Composite Reliability
Description of Electronic Presence SIKEPO 0.957 0.965 Reliable
Work Discipline 0.842 0.879 Reliable
Performance 0.936 0.950 Reliable
Table 2 shows that the value of each construct is more than 0.70. The Electronic Presence SIKEPO variable has the highest composite reliability and Cronbach's alpha values, respectively, at 0.965 and 0.957. On the other hand, the work discipline variable has the lowest composite reliability and Cronbach's alpha values, respectively, of 0.879 and 0.842. These results indicate that the perceived work discipline variable is less reliable overall. The previous explanation shows that the value of each construct is more than 0.70, as shown by the output of composite reliability and Cronbach's alpha in table 2. It can be concluded from the fact that these values are both greater than 0.70. Therefore, one might get the conclusion that there is a high degree of dependency associated with each construct in the computed model.
2) Testing the Inner Model
Evaluation PLS structural model is used to see the relationship between latent variables.
The structural model is evaluated using the coefficient of determination (R
2) and
the path coefficient. When evaluating the model using PLS, the first step is to test the R-square valuefor each dependent latent variable. The results of the R-square estimation carried out using Smart PLS are shown in the table below.
Table 3 Results of Coefficient Determination (R2)
Variable R Square R Square Adjusted
SIKEPO Electronic Presence 0.815 0.811
Based on table 3 above, the R-square value of the SIKEPO electronic presence variable is 0.815.
So the SIKEPO electronic presence has a significant influence on improving the discipline and performance of civil servants during the Covid-19 pandemic. According to Kodarisman & Nugroho, (2013) evaluation in evaluating the structural model can be done by looking at the R-square value on each dependent variable with the predictive power of the structural model. The R-square value of 0.75 has an interpretation that the built strong value of 0.50 interprets that the model built is moderate and the value of 0.25 states that the model that has been built is weak [36]. So from table 3, SIKEPO's electronic presence has a strong interpretation because it is > 0.75.
After determining the validity and reliability of the data, the bootstrap resampling technique was used to test the hypothesis about the relationship between variables, namely the independent variable and the dependent variable. The t-statistic, often known as the t-test, is the one used for the analysis [37]. Hypothesis testing is done by looking at the value of the p-values. When the p-values are more than 0.05 then the hypothesis can be accepted and if the p-values are less than 0.05, it can be said that the hypothesis is rejected [38]. In addition, the significant value of hypothesis support can be seen through the comparison value on the T-table and T-statistics values. When the T-statistic has a higher value than the T-table, the hypothesis built is supported or accepted [38].
Figure 2 Bootstrapping Table 4 Hypothesis Testing
Variable Original Sample
Sample Mean
(M)
Standard Deviation (STDEV)
T Statistics (O/STDEV)
P Values
Description
Work Discipline
0.025 0.023 0.062 0.403 0.687 Rejected
Performance 0.885 0.888 0.053 16.723 0.000 Accepted
Table 4 above, shows that there is one variable that is influenced by other variables and is accepted.
Then there is one variable that is not influenced by other variables or is rejected. The accepted variable has a T statistic value above the standard, which is 1.96, and has a P Values value smaller than 0.05.
One variable that is influenced by another variable is the performance variable. In other words, the application of the SIKEPO electronic presence has a positive and significant impact on improving the performance of civil servants during the Covid-19 pandemic, so the hypothesis is accepted.
Furthermore, the application of electronic SIKEPO does not have a positive and significant effect on improving the work discipline of civil servants during the Covid-19 pandemic, so the hypothesis
is rejected. The results of this study do not justify the theories which state that the application of electronic SIKEPO affects improving the work discipline of civil servants during the Covid-19 pandemic which is believed that the technology/system can be used easily and free of further problems, meaning that the theories/systems can be used easily and without further problems. the theory does not apply in this case study. Where it has a T statistic of 0.403 where the value is lower than the standard T statistic of 1.96 besides the P value of 0.687, then the hypothesis is rejected.
Apart from the statistical data above, the researcher also conducted interviews with several civil servants, the first one being the staff of the Batang Hari Regency Regional Inspectorate Office (15 June 2022).
“Since the attendance rule was implemented 4 times in one working day, many employees have become more disciplined both when they come to the office and when they come home from work. In terms of work, there is also a change because now employees spend more time in the office than outside. (researcher interview, June 15, 2022)”
Both together with Mr. Edi Purwanto as head of the Government Section in Muara Tembesi District (17 June 2022).
"The change in attendance rules imposed during the Covid-19 pandemic by the Batang Hari Regency government did not bring much change because those who came late to the office were still there and did not bring an increase in the performance of the employees either. Only from certain people who experience change. (researcher interview, 17 June 2022)”.
Third, Mr. Zainul Fahri is the head of the State Elementary School. 07/I Pulau Island, (19 August 2022)
“Since the SIKEPO presence was implemented, many teachers have become more disciplined. I am happy, however, sometimes I also feel sorry for the teachers who live far away, have to come early in the morning because they are a little late so they can no longer make attendance, and also the set time for going home is not following the schedule for the completion of the teacher teaching on weekdays. (researcher interview, 19 August 2022)”
IV. Conclusion
This study shows that the SIKEPO electronic presence variable has a positive and significant effect on improving the performance of civil servants during the Covid-19 pandemic, so the hypothesis is accepted. Furthermore, the application of electronic SIKEPO does not have a positive and significant effect on improving the work discipline of civil servants during the Covid-19 pandemic, so the hypothesis is rejected. Where the work discipline variable has a T statistic of 0.403 where the value is lower than the standard T statistic of 1.96, besides the P value of 0.687, the hypothesis is rejected..
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