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https://doi.org/10.26858/jai.v1i2.56051
Analysis of Suitability of Water Quality Parameters for Vaname Shrimp (Litopenaeus Vannamei) Cultivation in Barombong Village
Andi Bayani Ma’sum1,∗, Jamaluddin2, Patang3
1 Alumni of Agricultural Technology Education, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Makassar,Makassar 90224, South Sulawesi, Indonesia;
2,3 Study Program of Agricultural Technology Education, Faculty of Engineering, University Negeri Makassar, Makassar 90224, South Sulawesi, Indonesia;
*e-mail of corresponding author:[email protected]
ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT
Article History:
Available online 1 November 2023
The South Sulawesi region has ideal land resources for aquaculture, such as the coastal area of Barombong village, where land use has not been fully utilized by the local community. Good weather and qualified workers have the potential to develop vaname shrimp aquaculture.
Beside as a tourist attaction, the coastal areas can also be utilized for aquaculture. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the suitability of water quality parameters for vaname shrimp cultivation in Barombong Beach. This study used a quantitative descriptive research with observational methods and water quality measuemeremts covering temperature, brightness, pH, dissolved oxygen, salinity, phosphate, nitrate, ammonia and plankton at three different stations, namely station 1 located near the mouth of the Jeneberang River, station 2 in behind Gor Barombong, and station 3 in the mangrove area. The data analysis technique used is quantitative descriptive analysis and scoring analysis. The results showed that the water quality at Barombong Beach at station 1 with a score of 95.8%, station 2 with a score of 95.8%, and station 3 with a score of 100% is still within the range of water quality standards for the life of white vaname shrimp.
and therefore it is suitable for vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) aquaculture.
Keywords:
Quality, water, culture, white shrimp, Barombong Village
© 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
INTRODUCTION
Water quality is one of the factors that determine the success of vaname shrimp farming activities. Water quality that does not meet aquaculture standards causes problems in the cultivation process. The water quality required for each activity has different quality standards and needs to be tested to ensure the suitability of the water quality set (Dahuri et al., 2004).
The South Sulawesi region is ideal with available land resources for aquaculture, good weather and qualified workers have the
potential to develop vaname shrimp aquaculture. High density (intensive) vaname shrimp are cultured not only in Bulukumba but also in areas such as Bantaeng, Barru and Takalar. Maros, Pinrang and Selayar regions have low density (traditional plus) and semi- intensive breeding. Vaname shrimp aquaculture is very successful in these areas and is expected by farmers in surrounding areas such as Sinjai, Bone, Pangkep, Luwu and other areas (Mansyur
& Rangka, 2008).
Tamalate Sub-district in Barombong Village is one of the areas in Makassar city. The Barombong Urban Village area has a strategic
position because it is near the Jeneberang river estuary. The Barombong coastal area has a fairly large area of land where land use has not been fully utilized by the local community. In other areas, coastal areas are used better in improving the economy of the surrounding community.
Utilization of the coastal area in addition to being a tourist attraction, can be used as a place of cultivation such as seaweed and shrimp farming. Utilization of coastal areas as a cultivation site, it is necessary to study water quality parameters that cover physical parameters (brightness, tempe-rature), chemical parameters (salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, phosphate, ammonia, nitrate), and biological parameters (plankton). The results of these parameters will be adjusted to the water quality standards for vaname shrimp aquaculture.
Therefore, this study aims to analyze the suitability of water quality parameters for vaname shrimp aquaculture (Litopenaeus vannamei) at Barombong Beach.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This research uses descriptive quantitative research with observational methods. This type of descriptive quantitative research displays data as it is without other treatment. Sampling seawater from Barombong Beach at three different stations and analyzing it in the Lab. Water Quality Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences UNHAS Makassar.
Seawater sampling was carried out at three stations in Barombong Village, namely:
1. Station 1 Jeneberang River estuary 2. Station 2 behind GOR Barombong 3. Station 3 mangrove tree area
Figure 1. Sampling location Tools and materials
The tools used are thermometer, sechi
disk, refractometer, pH meter, DO meter, Cool box, dropper pipette, plankton net, sample bottle, bucket, stationery, camera and plankton book.
The materials used were distilled water, seawater, 1% lugol, and tissue. The materials used were distilled water, seawater, 1% lugol, and tissue.
Research Procedure
At Barombong Beach, tests were carried out on physical parameters (temperature, brightness), chemical parameters (salinity, dissolved oxygen, and pH). While testing that was carried out at the Water Quality Lab, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, UNHAS Makassar, namely chemical parameters (phosphate, nitrate, ammonia) and biological parameters (plankton).
Seawater sampling took place from February to March every week of the month at 08.00 and 16.00 WITA at Barombong Beach.
The water quality parameters that will be carried out are:
1. Physical Parameters consisting of:
a. Temperature
▪ Temperature is measured using a water thermometer. The thermometer is immersed in water and left for 2 to 5 minutes, waiting for the thermometer to display a fixed number.
▪ Observe the number on the thermometer scale while in the water.
b. Brightness
▪ Brightness is measured using a sechi disk and this is slowly lowered into the sea until the sechi disk is no longer visible.
▪ Record the depth at which the sechi disk is not visible
▪ Lift slowly at what depth the sechi disk is visible. Measurement of water brightness can be calculated using the formula:
𝐷1+ 𝐷2 2 2. Chemical Parameters
a. Dissolved Oxygen
▪ The DO meter is first used calibrated to zero scale.
▪ Open the DO meter probe cover and dip the probe tip into the water and leave for a while until you see a stable number.
▪ Record the value on the DO meter.
▪ Remove and rinse the DO meter probe with distilled water or clean water. Then wipe
the DO meter probe with a tissue.
b. pH
▪ Calibrate the pH meter with buffer according to the device instruction manual.
▪ Rinse the electrode with distilled water and dry with a soft tissue.
▪ Immerse the electrode in the water to be measured pH and wait until the value is fixed, record the value on the pH meter screen.
▪ After measurement, rinse the electrode again with mineral-free water.
c. Salinity
▪ Salinity measurement using a refractometer is calibrated prismatic glass using distilled water.
▪ Wipe with a cloth in one direction.
▪ Pipette up to 3 drops of seawater onto the prism glass
▪ Cover the prism glass at a 45° angle to prevent air bubbles from forming inside the primed glass.
▪ Point the refractometer towards the sunlight, observe and read the scale on the right, and record the results.
d. Phosphate
▪ Water sampling at each location using plastic bottle containers.
▪ Water samples were placed in sample bottles and labeled as markers.
▪ Water samples were put into a cool box and brought to the lab. Phosphate testing procedure is based on SNI 06-6989.31- 2005.
e. Nitrate
▪ Water sampling at each location using plastic bottle containers.
▪ Water samples were placed in sample bottles and labeled as markers.
▪ Water samples were placed in a cool box and brought to the lab. The nitrate testing procedure is based on the APHA 1979 reference with the Brucine method.
f. Plankton
The types of plankton analyzed are phytoplankton and zooplankton. Plankton water sampling was carried out twice at the beginning of the week and the end of the research week at 08.00.
▪ Taking water from the sampling point using a 5 liter bucket, filtered 10 times (50 liters) into a plankton net no.25 equipped with a plastic bottle as a container for filter results. After that the filtered water is transferred into a 100 ml sample bottle.
▪ Water samples were added with 50 drops of 1% lugol solution, homogenized, stored in a cool box and brought to the laboratory.
▪ Plankton abundance, the number of plankton is calculated by the SRC method (Davis, 1978), which calculates the total number of individuals with the formula:
𝑁 = 𝑎 𝑏×𝑐
𝑑× 𝑉𝑏 𝑉𝑠𝑟𝑐×1
𝑉𝑠
Description:
N = total individuals (ind./L);
a = SRC boxes (100 boxes);
b = field of view box (1 box);
c = individual visible;
d = observed box
Vb = sample bottle water volume ml (100 ml)
Vsrc = SRC water volume ml (1 ml) Vs = volume of filtered water in the field (50 liters)
▪ The diversity index uses Shannon- Wienner (H') (Fachrul, 2007) with the formula:
H′ = ∑ Pi 𝐼𝑛 𝑃𝑖
𝑠
𝑖=1
H' = Species diversity index
ni = Number of individuals of the i- th taxa N = Total number of individuals
pi = ni/N proportion of i-th species
▪ Dominance Index (C) using Simpson's Dominance Index (Odum, 1993) with the formula:
C = ∑(𝑛𝑖/𝑁)2 Description:
C = Simpson's dominance index
ni = Number of individuals of the i-th species
N = Total number of individuals
To analyze the suitability of water quality in Barombong Beach, scoring analysis is used.
Scoring analysis is the provision of values or scores on each parameter, each parameter is divided into three classes, namely the provision of a score value of 3 (S1) for criteria in accordance with the indicators of the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries of the Republic of Indonesia no.75 2016, the provision of a score value of 2 (S2) for criteria less in accordance with the indicators of life tolerance value of vaname shrimp as in research
conducted by Cahyono, 2009; Haliman and Adijaya, 2009; Romadhona et al., 2016 and Suprapto, 2009. And giving a score of 1 (S3) for criteria that are not in accordance with the value indicators outside of appropriate and less appropriate indicators.
Water quality suitability for vaname shrimp farming is divided into 3 classes: S1 class: Suitable with a score of 84-100%. Class S2: Less suitable with a score of 66-83%. Class S3: Not suitable with a score of <66%.
Scoring can be calculated as follows:
Skoring = Total skor
Total skor maks× 100%
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Temperature
Temperature measurements during the study at Barombong Beach obtained average temperature values ranging from 30-33°C. The average temperature of Station 1 is 30.2°C in the morning, 32°C in the afternoon, the average temperature at Station 2 is 31.7°C in the morning, 32.7°C in the afternoon. While station 3 average temperature is 32°C in the morning, 33.2°C in the afternoon. The temperature at station 1 tends to be lower than station 2 and 3.
Seen in Figure 2 shows the results of the average temperature at Barombong Beach.
Figure 2. Graph of Average Temperature
Measurement Results
If the water temperature is too high, aquatic organisms spend a lot of energy to survive which interferes with the development of aquatic organisms. This shows that the temperature range of stations 1, 2 and 3 is still normal so that the water temperature of Barombong Beach is within the limits that are still suitable for vaname shrimp aquaculture.
The temperature tolerance of vaname shrimp life ranges from 16 - 36°C (Anonymous, 2003).
OAccording to Kordi and Tancung (2007), the
optimum temperature for the development of vaname shrimp ranges from 28 to 31 °C.
The temperature value of station 1 is lower than station 2 and 3 due to rain during the measurement. According to Parker (2012) that when it rains, the water temperature drops. Rain plays a role in influencing the temperature of water bodies, because lower temperatures are caused by lower solar radiation. While the temperature at stations 2 and 3 is higher due to the influence of high solar irradiation and evaporation and at station 3 which has a shallow water depth. Because coastal waters are shallow, temperatures will be higher than offshore waters, and solar energy causes seawater temperatures to rise rapidly. The opinion of Ria et al. (2014) also assumes that the high temperature near the coast occurs because of the shallow depth and the influence of land heating.
Warm sea surface temperatures, especially at high tide, become relatively cool with increasing depth, indicating temperature stratification. Temperature stratification is caused by heat input from sunlight to the water column, resulting in a vertical temperature gradient. Temperature layering is highly dependent on changes in solar radiation and wind speed (Effendi et al., 2016).
Brightness
Brightness measurements taken at Barombong Beach as shown in Figure 3. The average brightness of station 1 is 33.1 cm in the morning and 35.6 cm in the afternoon, Station 2 has the same average brightness in the morning and afternoon which is 48.7 cm. While station 3 average brightness is in the morning 43.1 cm and in the afternoon 43.7 cm.
Figure 3 Graph of Average Results of Brightness Measurement
According to Romadhona et al. (2016) brightness less than 20 cm is called turbid water.
This is expected due to floating and dissolved
organic matter such as mud, fine sand, and microorganisms. According to SNI 01-7246- 2006, the optimal brightness for vanname shrimp culture ranges from 30-45 cm.
This indicates that the range of brightness of stations 1 and 3 is suitable for vaname shrimp aquaculture. While the brightness at station 2 is less suitable because the water area is clear or the level of turbidity is very low due to low organic solubility and suspension, suspended matter, and high light intensity. Although station 2 entered the criteria less suitable but the abundance of plankton in station 2 is the highest compared to other stations.
Brightness at station 1 was low compared to stations 2 and 3 due to rain during field measurements and the high turbidity of the waters in the area. The rain that fell brought dissolved particles such as sand, mud, organic matter and others which caused the waters to become turbid as a result of the spread of particles, blocking sunlight from entering the water. Organic matter is mostly sourced from land through rivers to the sea. While the brightness at station 2 is higher due to the measurement of the hot sun and causes the high level of brightness and low turbidity of water at that location. Brightness at station 3 has moderate turbidity caused by various suspended particles such as organic matter, clay, and sand from the houses around station 3.
According to Supangat (2000), high light intensity indicates the amount of light transmitted through the water column which causes high brightness levels. The level of turbidity and brightness of seawater has a great influence on the growth of biota in the sea (Widiadmoko, 2013).
pH
The pH measurements taken at Barombong Beach during the study showed an average pH value of 7.5 - 8.1. The average pH of station 1 was 7.5 in the morning and 7.5 in the afternoon. The average pH of station 2 was 7.9 in the morning and 8.1 in the afternoon.
while the average pH of station 3 was 7.6 in the morning and 7.9 in the afternoon. The pH value of station 1 tends to be lower than the pH values of stations 2 and 3, and a high pH is seen at station 2 in Figure 4.
Figure 4 Graph of Average Results of pH Measurement
According to Suprapto (2005), the optimum pH range for aquaculture is 7-8.5 and vaname shrimp can survive at pH between 6.5- 9. This indicates that the pH range of all stations is appropriate and eligible for vaname shrimp farming. Very alkaline or strongly acidic water conditions interfere with metabolic and respiratory processes and can jeopardize the survival of organisms. pH range 4-6 to 9-11 shrimp grow very slowly. Unacceptable pH causes the molting process to be disrupted, making the shrimp skin flabby and reducing survival.
The pH of station 1 is lower than station 2 and 3 due to the high levels of organic matter entering the waters through river flow so that the process of decomposing organic matter which then produces carbon dioxide (CO2), and at the time of measurement the low pH is influenced by photosynthetic activity of marine organisms and salinity in water. For Kusumaningtyas et al. (2014), pH rises towards the sea. High and low pH levels can be caused by the lack of organic matter from the land carried by the river. While the pH of stations 2 and 3 is higher because when the water surface temperature rises, the solubility of carbon dioxide decreases so that the pH rises and becomes alkaline. The reduced CO2 in the water is widely used by phytoplankton to photosynthesize and the pH becomes high.
According to Dede et al., (2014), the pH of waters that are < 7 causes shrimp to be less productive and can make shrimp die in water.
The high and low pH of water depends on several factors: The state of gases in water, such as CO2, carbonate and bicarbonate, and the process of decomposing organic matter at the bottom of the waters (Barus, 2004).
Salinity
Salinity measurements taken during the study at Barombong Beach obtained salinity values ranging from 1.5-23. Station 1 had an average salinity of 2.5 ppt in the morning and 1.5 ppt in the afternoon, Station 2 had an average salinity of 23 ppt in the morning and 19.7 ppt in the afternoon, and Station 3 had an average salinity of 14.7 ppt in the morning and 20.5 ppt in the afternoon. The salinity of station 1 tends to be lower than station 2 and station 3, and high salinity is seen at station 2. This is shown in Figure 5.
According to Stickney (2000), vaname shrimp can develop in the range of 0-50 ppt.
This is because vaname shrimp are euryhaline which can survive with a variety of salinities.
Vaname shrimp can grow optimally at a salinity of 15-25 ppt. Salinity <15 ppt shrimp can still develop well as long as the salinity in the water does not change suddenly (Aziz, 2010).
Figure 5 Graph of Average Salinity Measurement Results
This indicates that the range of salinity at stations 2 and 3 is suitable for the life of vaname shrimp, while station 1 entered the criteria less suitable. Although included in the criteria less suitable, the range is still within the tolerance limits for the development of vaname shrimp.
This is because fresh water flows into seawater from the river due to the influence of tides where when the water recedes, the salinity is low and at the time of measurement it often rains so that it affects the salinity to be low.
Changes in salinity are influenced by tides and tides and seasons. During the dry season, the volume of river water decreases so that sea water can enter upstream, causing the salinity in the estuarine area to increase. During the rainy season, freshwater flows from upstream to the estuarine area in large quantities, causing the salinity to drop or become low (Happy, 2001).
While the salinity at station 2 is higher due to the influence of tides where when the tide is high, the salinity is high and in that location there is no influence of fresh water and far from residential areas and rivers. In contrast to station 3 whose salinity is lower than station 2 because there is still the influence of fresh water from residential areas.
Based on salinity, water bodies are divided into three categories: freshwater (0-3 ppt), seawater (20 ppt and above), and brackish water (4-20 ppt) (Piranti, 2015).
Dissolved Oxygen
Measurements of dissolved oxygen or commonly called DO (Dissolved oxygen) carried out during the study at Barombong Beach averaged a range of 4-7 mg/L, this can be seen in Figure 4.5. The average dissolved oxygen at station 1 is 4.1 mg/L in the morning and 4.8 mg/L in the afternoon, the average dissolved oxygen at station 2 is 5.9 mg/L in the morning and 7.1 mg/L in the afternoon, and station 3 average dissolved oxygen is 4.7 mg/L in the morning and 5.7 mg/L in the afternoon.
Figure 6 Graph of Average Results of Dissolved Oxygen Measurements
DO at station 1 was lower than stations 2 and 3 because at the time of measurement the water was low tide so dissolved oxygen tended to decrease, there was a process of decomposing organic matter into inorganic matter through the decomposition of organic matter, high water turbidity, increased salinity, and inhibited reaeration. Dissolved oxygen at stations 2 and 3 is high due to the occurrence of tides so that dissolved oxygen increases, high salinity in the area, alkaline water pH so dissolved oxygen is high, the movement and mixing of water masses, and also due to photosynthetic activity of phytoplankton producing more dissolved oxygen. According to Yustianti et al. (2013)
dissolved oxygen needed to support the development of vaname shrimp is about 3 - 8 mg/L.
The difference in dissolved oxygen concentration is due to the movement and mixing of water masses. Oxygen is needed for decomposition, increasing water turbidity, and the presence of waste in the water so that dissolved oxygen levels are reduced (Simon, 2018).
Phosphate
Based on the results of the phosphate level analysis conducted during the study, it is known that the phosphate value at Barombong Beach ranges from 0.144-1.009 mg/L as shown in Figure 7. The average phosphate level at station 1 is 1.009 mg/L, the average phosphate level at station 2 is 0.144 mg/L, and the average phosphate level at station 3 is 0.548 mg/L.
Figure 7 Graph of Average Results of Phosphate (PO4) Analysis
Station 1 has higher phosphate levels than stations 2 and 3 due to domestic waste and agricultural waste discharged into rivers and seas, currents and water mass stirring. This is in line with Simanjuntak (2006) who revealed that high phosphate concentrations are caused by flow, mixing water masses increasing surface phosphate concentrations from bottom to top. In addition, high phosphate levels are also due to the influence of domestic waste. Phosphate levels at Stations 2 and 3 were lower than at Station 1 due to the small amount of organic matter waste. This proves that at all stations phosphate levels are in sync with the quality standard for phosphate levels in vaname shrimp aquaculture, phosphate levels for vaname shrimp are at least 0.1 mg/L.
According to Affan (2010), phosphate levels in marine waters are in the form of
inorganic and organic dissolved and particulate phosphate needed for the growth and metabolic processes of phytoplankton and other marine organisms in determining water fertility.
Phosphate compounds in waters come from natural sources such as soil erosion, waste from animal and plant weathering and the destruction of organic matter and phosphate minerals.
Sources of phosphate can be household, industrial and agricultural waste, as well as rock erosion on the coast. High levels of phosphate in water can affect plankton blooms (Hutabarat, 2000).
Nitrate
Based on the analysis of nitrate levels conducted during the study, the value of nitrate levels at Barombong Beach is <0.001-0.370 mg/L as shown in Figure 8. The average nitrate level of station 1 is 0.251 mg/L, the average nitrate level of station 2 is 0.004 mg/L, and the average nitrate level of station 3 is 0.047 mg/L.
This indicates that all stations nitrate levels are still in accordance with quality standards for vaname shrimp aquaculture, water nitrate levels in vaname shrimp is a maximum of 0.50 mg/L.
Figure 8 Graph of Average Results of Nitrate (NO3) Analysis
Nitrate levels at station 1 were higher than those at stations 2 and 3 due to the large amount of organic waste carried into the river from household waste, agricultural waste and fishery waste discharged into the water. While low nitrate levels at station 2 were due to the low flow and little organic waste from human activities. Furthermore, at station 3 nitrate levels are caused by the presence of organic waste from people's residences. This is in line with the opinion of Efendi (2003) which states that the concentration of nitrates in water is influenced by anthropogenic pollution from human activities.
Nitrate concentration in seawater is only a few mg/L and is one of the compounds that function in stimulating the growth of marine biomass so that it directly controls the development of primary production so that it is closely related to the fertility of a water body (Murtiono et al., 2016). According to Cloern (2001), almost all nitrate in marine waters comes from river flows generated by agricultural activities, aquaculture, industry and household discharges or population waste.
Ammonia
Based on the results of the analysis of ammonia levels carried out during the study, the value of ammonia levels at Barombong Beach is 0.0001-0.0082 mg/L shown in Figure 9. The average ammonia level of station 1 is 0.0047 mg/L, the average ammonia level of station 2 is 0.0005 mg/L and the average ammonia level of station 3 is 0.0030 mg/L.
According to Suwarsih et al. (2016), that ammonia levels above 1 mg/L can slow development and cause disease and even death.
This shows that ammonia levels at all stations are still within reasonable limits for the life of vaname shrimp. Water ammonia levels for vaname shrimp is a maximum of 0.01 mg/L.
Figure 9 Graph of Ammonia (NH3) Average Results
Ammonia levels at Station 1 are higher than those at Stations 2 and 3 due to organic material pollution from housing, trading places, offices and agricultural waste. While ammonia levels at station 2 are low due to the high content of dissolved oxygen in the water so that ammonia levels are in small amounts and low pollution by organic matter. Furthermore, ammonia levels at station 3 are also caused by pollution of organic matter from household
waste and increasing water pH so that ammonia increases.
Increased ammonia levels are caused by increased decomposition of animal and plant residues (Kangkan, 2006). Ammonia in the waters is mostly the result and metabolic processes of aquatic organisms and the decay of organic matter or organic waste such as household waste and others by bacteria carried by the current (Fathurrahman & Aunurohim, 2014).
Plankton
Plankton identification and analysis were carried out with two water sampling at Barombong Beach. The first week showed the presence of 12 species of phytoplankton and 3 species of zooplankton and in the fourth week there were 24 species of phytoplankton and 3 species of zooplankton. The results of plankton identification can be seen in Table 1.
Table 1. Plankton Identification Results
Spesies
Abundance (ind/L‾1) St.1
(1) St.2
(1) St.3
(1) St.1
(4) St.2
(4) St.3
(4) Fitoplankton
1 Bacterias
trum sp 0 600 0
2 Ceratium
sp 0 0 400 0 867 967
3 Chaetoce
ros sp 1100 1267 0 0 1400 1267
4 Coscinod
iscus sp 0 500 0 0 600 0
5
Cylindrot heca closteriu m
0 433 0 700 767 600
6 Detonula
sp 0 367 0
7 Difflugia 0 700 900
8 Ditylum
sp 0 0 333 0 300 0
9 Euglena 367 0 0
10 Flagilari
opsis 0 0 433
11 Guinardi
a 600 433 0
12 Gyrosigm
a sp 0 400 600
13 Leptocyli
ndrus sp 533 567 467 533 567 467
14 Lyngbya 400 0 0
15 Navicula
sp 767 1733 0
16 Nitzschia
sp 1700 1733 1833 900 1467 967
17 Planktoni
ella 0 633 0
18 Pleurosig
ma sp 367 533 0
Spesies
Abundance (ind/L‾1) St.1
(1) St.2
(1) St.3
(1) St.1
(4) St.2
(4) St.3
(4) 19 Pseudo-
nitzschia 600 733 433 0 1200 433 20 Rhoicosp
henia sp 0 633 0
21 Rhizosole
nia sp 1167 1267 1367 0 1267 0 22 Skeletone
ma sp 1033 1067 1400 800 1067 900 23 Tetraedr
on sp 267 0 0
24
Thalassio nema frauenfel dii
0 300 0 0 1100 0
25
Thalassio nema nitzschio des
0 967 0
Zooplankton 26 Copepod
a 400 0 733 333 0 600
27 Nauplius 0 633 1000 500 600 0
28 Larva
insecta 0 133 0 0 133 0
The results of the analysis of abundance, diversity and dominance of plankton at Barombong Beach can be seen in Table 2.
Table 2. Results of Plankton Abundance, Diversity, and Dominance Analysis
Location
Abundance
(ind/L) Diversity Dominance
M.1 M.4 M.1 M.4 M.1 M.4
Stasiun
1 6533 6533 18444 24181 01718 00945 Stasiun
2 9033 17333 23031 30349 01142 00605 Stasiun
3 8567 7533 21450 22383 01330 01129
Station 1 had no change in abundance at the beginning and end of the study, at station 2 there was a significant increase, and at station 3 there was a decrease in abundance. The difference in plankton abundance at each station is due to the availability of light entering the waters, which at station 2 is high because of the low turbidity of the water around station 2 and the absence of blocking light, in contrast to station 1 where the turbidity of the water is high, while station 3 turbidity of the water is moderate and some mangrove trees that block light enter the water. Sunlight is needed for photosynthesis by phytoplankton to produce food (Barus, 2004). According to Wahyuni (2010), factors that affect the abundance of phytoplankton, the availability of nutrients, the presence of light in the water, and the speed of eating other organisms that are influenced by water
conditions are DO, BOD, COD, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate and Ammonia.
Based on the diversity value (H') of plankton at Barombong Beach in the first week, namely 1.8444 at station 1, station 2 with a value of 2.3031, and station 3 with a value of 2.1450. Furthermore, in the fourth week, station 1 with a value of 2.4181, station 2 with a value of 3.0349, and station 3 with a value of 2.2383.
According to Fachrul (2007), the criteria for the level of pollution based on the diversity index (H') are H' < 1 = unstable biota community or heavily polluted water quality, 1 < H' < 3 = moderate biota community stability or moderately polluted water quality, and H' > 3 = stable biota community stability. Therefore, the waters of Barombong Beach have a moderate diversity index or moderate water pollution.
Diversity is classified as moderate due to the uneven distribution of the number of each plankton in a body of water. The existence of plankton in a body of water is influenced by biotic and abiotic factors. Biotic factors that influence are producers that are a source of food for plankton and the interaction of species and life cycle patterns in each species in the community. The abiotic factors are the physics of water chemistry including temperature, current speed, brightness, pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), carbon dioxide (CO2), and Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) (Hakim et al., 2011).
The value of plankton dominance in Barombong Beach is in the first week with a value of 0.1718 at station 1, 0.1142 at station 2, 0.1330 at station 3 and in the fourth week with a value of 0.0945 at station 1, 0.0605 at station 2 and 0.1129 at station 3. Judging from the data obtained that dominance does not exist in the waters of Barombong Beach. The criteria for the dominance index (C) are divided into three levels, namely 0.00 < C < 0.50 with low dominance, 0.50 < C < 0.75 with moderate dominance, and 0.75 < C < 1.00 with high dominance (Odum, 1993). Dominance which is close to 1 means the presence of dominant biota and can be used as an indicator of water pollution, while the dominance value of 0 indicates that no species is superior to other species (Silalahi 2009).
From the results of the data obtained, the value of abundance, diversity and dominance of plankton is at a level of moderate stability, not polluted and can be used as a place for vaname shrimp farming. The scoring results of water
quality analysis at Barombong Beach can be seen in Table 3.
Table 3. Results of Water Quality Analysis Scores
Place Total Score Criteria Stasiun 1 95,8% Appropriate (S1) Stasiun 2 95,8% Appropriate (S1) Stasiun 3 100% Appropriate (S1) Description:
1. Class S1: Compliant with a score of 84 - 100%.
2. Class S2: Less suitable with a score of 66 - 83%.
3. Class S3: Not suitable with a score of
< 66%.
According to the data obtained, good water quality for the growth of vaname shrimp has a temperature tolerance ranging from 16- 36O C, while at the research site the average ranged from 30- 33O C. Optimal brightness for vaname shrimp ranges from 30-45 cm, while at the research site the average ranged from 33-48 cm. Optimal brightness for vaname shrimp ranged from 30-45 cm, while at the study site the average ranged from 33-48 cm. Optimal pH for vaname shrimp ranged from 7-8.5, while at the study site the average ranged from 7.5-8.1.
Optimal salinity for vaname shrimp ranged from 15- 25 ppt, while at the study site the average ranged from 1-23 ppt. Optimal dissolved oxygen for vaname shrimp ranged from 3-8 mg/L, while at the study site the average ranged from 4-7 mg/L. Phosphate levels for vaname shrimp are at least 0.1 mg/L, while at the study site the average ranged from 0.144-1.009 mg/L. Nitrate levels for vaname shrimp were a maximum of 0.50 mg/L, while at the study site the average ranged from <0.001- 0.251 mg/L. Ammonia levels for vaname shrimp were a maximum of 0.01 mg/L, while at the study site the average ranged from 0.0001- 0.0047 mg/L. The best water quality among the three stations of the study site, station three that best meets the criteria of water quality standards for the life of vaname shrimp although in station one and station two the water quality is still below the threshold allowed for the life of vaname shrimp.
CONCLUSION
Based on the results of the study, temperature, brightness, dissolved oxygen, pH,
salinity, phosphate, nitrate, ammonia and plankton in Barombong Beach at station 1 with a score of 95.8%, station 2 with a score of 95.8%, and station 3 with a score of 100% can be said to be within the limits for the life of vaname shrimp and water quality can be used as a source of water for vaname shrimp aquaculture (Litopenaeus vannamei).
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