Roman is one of the types of belles-lettres, another drama, essays, poetry and biography. Meanwhile, the researcher has other reasons why the researcher chooses novel as the research topic, because the structure of the novel is unique than others. Based on the above phenomenon, the researcher is interested in analyzing the expression of apology in the novel titled “The Great Gatsby” by F.
To define the types of apology as the expression of politeness and the function of using such apology as the expression of politeness on the Great Gatsby in F. Sudjiman said that the novel of the fiction story and the presentation of figures that represent a series of events and the background show, is .
Definition of Apology
An excuser is someone whom the recipient believes is responsible for causing the offense. An apology is a verbal acknowledgment of some past, present or future social wrongdoing. The speech act of apologizing is quite different from requesting, as apologies are generally post-event actions, apologies signaling the fact that a certain type of event has already occurred20.
Types of Act Apology
According to Levinson and Austin as mentioned in Abdullah Y. Sumarah, has given as explicit analysis related to the role of the forgiver during his act. Circumstances and personal ones must be appropriate, as specified, both to say "I'm sorry" and to show it in his/her facial features. A person seeking forgiveness or justification wants to improve the psychological relationship between himself and the recipient of the apology.
Strategy of Apology
The degree of such recognition on the part of the forgiver can be placed on a scale. Based on the explanation above, these five apology strategies are also known as the five possible Semantic Formulas, that is, an expression of an apology, an explanation or description of the situation, an acknowledgment of responsibility and offer of reparation, and a promise of patience. 27 It is possible to combine some or all of the formulas. According to Thomas, the only reason is that people have discussed five separate groups of phenomena (matching, recording, a real-world purpose, a surface-level phenomenon, and an illocutionary phenomenon) under the heading of politeness.28 It is interpreted in everyday life. . such as using derogatory language and expressing gratitude and apology.29 In common usage, the term is associated with polite behavior and social attributes such as good education and formal etiquette.30 Generally, it is associated with tact, pleasant and warm welcome . in relationships with others.
All the concepts and definitions of etiquette above are based on everyday usage that is different from scientific etiquette. Since the emergence of Brown and Levinson's theory, the study of politeness has become a central topic of research across various disciplines (pragmatics, sociolinguistics, social psychology, anthropology and language acquisition). Just as definitions of pragmatics vary, so do definitions of politeness in language.
Lakoff defines politeness as "a system of interpersonal relations designed to facilitate interaction by minimizing the potential for conflict and confrontation inherent in all human exchange.35 The role of politeness in social interaction and conversation has been an important topic in sociology and conversation studies.36 Any discussion of politeness will inevitably return to the theoretical framework and to the basic concepts that define the field of politeness studies.
There are basically two types of politeness strategies: positive politeness and negative politeness.40 According to Yule, there are two types of politeness strategies: . positive politeness strategy and negative politeness strategy.
Previous Study
Research Methodology 1. Research Approach
Data Sources a. Primary Source
The source of the main data is taken from the novel The Great Gatsby which was F. Here the researcher would analyze some sentences or verbs of the novel that contain apology and politeness. The primary source of data in this research is apologies as a term of politeness in the novel The Great Gatsby.
To support the main data, the researcher gets other sources such as books, essays, articles, journals, previous studies and all the printed matter related to apologies as polite terms and the Great Gatsby novel as the primary source.
Technique of Data Collecting
This is done by reading books, journals and data from internet related to the object of study, especially excuses as politeness. Coding is analogous to getting ready for a sale.47 The development of coding categories enables the researcher to physically separate material relating to a given topic from other material and is a crucial step in organizing the data. .48. The strategy of apology expresses request for forgiveness and it is followed by an expression of explanation.
This encoding is used to make data in the novel when the author and reader want to see data.
Technique of Data Analysis
Based on the above explanation, it can be concluded that content analysis is a technique of collecting data in the analysis of the text or document, especially in literature. Content analysis was applied in this study because this study analyzed the symbolic meaning of the phrases, words and sentences in a document or text, in this case a novel. Here the researcher was conducted only to analyze the apology as the courtesy was found in the English novel version.
In addition, the researcher who read The Great Gatsby novel and tried to find important details that supported this study was also carried out. Some tools such as dictionaries and textbooks have been used to analyze and examine the data which were apologetic sentences found in the novel.
Organization of The Thesis
Some tools such as dictionaries and textbooks were used in the analysis and examination of the data found apologetic sentences in the novel. definition of Politeness, type of Politeness strategy) and previous study related to this research, research methodology and organization of thesis. This chapter provides data; types of apology as polite expression on The Great Gatsby in F. This chapter describes the functions of apology as polite expression used on The Great Gatsby in F.
Starting from chapter one, the researcher considers three main problems that are types of apology, apology strategy and types of politeness strategy in The Great Gatsby Novel.
Data Display
Jordan: I wanted to explain that I was hunting him earlier in the evening and apologize for not recognizing him in the garden. Gatsby: Excuse me, madam, but we can't give him too hot a touch at noon. From the table above, the researcher finds 16 data on apology, including two types of apologies; direct and indirect, apology strategy; expression.
Based on Table 2.2, there are two types of apologies used in the novel The Great Gatsby, and each type can be classified into direct and indirect. According to the table above, there are two types of polite expressions used in the novel The Great Gatsby.
Data Analysis
Based on the above data, the researcher finds data for number 01, page 16 in the novel "The Great Gatsby". Based on the above data, the researcher finds data for number 02, page 42 in the novel "The Great Gatsby". Based on the above data, the researcher finds data for number 03, page 47 in the novel "The Great Gatsby".
Based on the above data, the researcher finds data for number 05, page 53 in the novel "The Great Gatsby". Based on the above data, the researcher finds data for number 06, page 55 in the novel "The Great Gatsby". Based on the above data, the researcher finds data for number 07, page 58 in the novel "The Great Gatsby".
Based on the above data, the researcher finds data on number 08, page 73 in the novel “The Great Gatsby”. Based on the above data, the researcher finds data on number 09, page 74 in the novel “The Great Gatsby”. Based on the above data, the researcher finds data on number 10, page 77 in the novel “The Great Gatsby”.
Based on the datum above, the researcher finds data on number 11, page 93 of "The Great Gatsby" novel.
Discussion of Findings
Based on the above datum, the researcher finds data on number 15, page 135 of "The Great Gatsby" novel. Based on the above datum, the researcher finds data on number 16, page 176 of "The Great Gatsby" novel. These findings are based on the problem statements in the research covering the term variation of politeness apology, the strategy of politeness apology and what are the functions of each type of politeness apology strategy applied to Great Gatsby in F.
There are two types of apologetic act forms that are used in the novel "The Great Gatsby" when speaking violates the social norm., namely a direct and indirect apologetic act form there are 16 clues. Meanwhile, the strategy of apologizing is absolutely necessary for the offender when performing the act of apologizing. The presence of the strategy of forgiveness is useful to increase efforts to learn the offense to the offended or to please them.
The apology strategy can be executed through an explicit apology, such as an expression of regret: "I'm sorry," "I'm so sorry," and so on. In addition, the apology strategy can be implemented indirectly by taking responsibility, providing an explanation, offering redress, minimizing the level of offense, or raising a concern. In accordance with the choice of apology strategy, it can be noted that most acts of apology do not consist of just one expression and are even added with a reinforcement “so” or “really”.
This also means that the apologetic strategy used on "The Great Gatsby" in F.
Summary of Discussion
