Dualism in the transformation of Balinese ethnic residential architecture in Denpasar Abstract The transformation of the spatial and building layout of Balinese ethnic houses is indeed influenced by the need for living space and the number of householders. Improvements also affect the transformation of spatial planning and building layout in the community economy. Changes in spatial planning and building structure are a dualism with two opposing sides, as in the above phenomenon.
The study of the meaning of dualism uses the following research steps: (1) conducting field observations to observe spatial changes using the sanga mandala's spatial conceptual guideline; (2) to find more in-depth information about changes in the layout of Balinese ethnic houses throughout. The dynamics that are changes in spatial and building design and the development of the era in the Denpasar area. In the Balinese ethnic houses in Denpasar, changes in spatial arrangement and building arrangement usually occur in the nista zone (room of low value), namely in the Bale Delod building (building for living room) and Bale Dauh (building for living room or sleeping area) room for teenage sons ).
This perspective on the spatial layout of ethnic Balinese houses in Denpasar tends towards a contemporary view of buildings and spatial planning. There was a transformation of spatial planning and building plans in the courtyards of ethnic Balinese houses in Denpasar through spaces or buildings and the fusion of several building measures into one structure. This dualism is seen very clearly in the contrast of changes in spatial planning and building layout.
Only changes in the shape of the object towards new spatial functions have been preserved to this day.
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Judul: Dualism in the transformation of Balinese ethnic residential architecture in Denpasar
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I Kadek Merta Wijaya <[email protected]>
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The increase in the number of family members in a dwelling affects the increase in living space. Usually, increasing the area by expanding the old building can accommodate an increase in the number of family members. The Balinese ethnic community has a dualistic understanding of spatial planning in the form of orientational thinking and hierarchical spatial thinking.
The orientation concept is guided by the luan qibla direction – the Kaja (mountain) and Kangin (sunrise) directions; and the qibla direction of teben – the direction of kelod (sea) and kauh (direction of sunset). The above-mentioned thinking pattern constitutes a dualism of change in the spatial arrangement of Balinese ethnic dwellings in Denpasar, based on the luan and teben hierarchies and the main and despicable zoning systems. This research uses qualitative methods with content analysis of the phenomena occurring in the field.
The order of division of these nine zones is based on the cross orientation of the primary axis, that is, the ritual and natural axes. Gender aspects in the form of Bale Daja building (building for unmarried or older children) and Bale Delod (sleeping area for boys), and Bale Dauh (room for boys or as a reception area). The ritual elements can be seen in the shrine area, lebuh (street in front of the house) and natah (open space).
In ethnic Balinese houses in Denpasar, changes in the spatial arrangement and structure of buildings usually occur in the nista area (low value space), namely in. of ethnic Balinese houses in Denpasar. Buildings and spatial planning in luan and utama areas (high value spaces) did not undergo any significant transformation.
The value of the sacredness of space, which is manifested in the form of latitude and orientation of luan or utama, becomes the basis for shaping the cosmic layout of Balinese ethnic houses. Only changes in the shape of the building towards new spatial functions are preserved today. The increasing number of residents in the house (demographic aspect), the increase in government finances (economic part) and the development of contemporary Balinese architectural trends form the basis for changes in the spatial and building layout of these houses.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui makna dualisme pada penghuni hunian etnis Bali sebagai proses transformasi. Judul: Dualisme Transformasi Arsitektur Perumahan Etnik Bali di Denpasar Transformasi tata ruang dan desain bangunan rumah hunian etnik Bali dipengaruhi oleh kebutuhan ruang hidup dan penghuni rumah tersebut. Perubahan tersebut berupa peningkatan kapasitas ruang hidup dari rumah 1 lantai menjadi 2 lantai.
The above phenomenon tends to occur in the original community of Denpasar with the layout of their houses in the Sanga Mandala pattern. As in the above phenomenon, spatial planning and building structure changes are dualisms with two opposite sides. The study conception of natahu in the architecture of ethnic Balinese houses is interpreted as a central space which is the orientation of the configuration of construction measures; natah is a concept of ritual, balance and security (I. K. M. Wijaya 2019).
Studies on the existence of traditional Balinese architectural spatial planning in the dynamics of the development of Balinese ethnic dwellings seem to have been neglected, even though it becomes a thought when local wisdom is in the midst of modern developments. This study aims to investigate the significance in the development of spatial planning and building layout for Balinese ethnic dwellings leading to a dualistic mindset with a demographic, economic and architectural trend perspective. An increase in the financial value of occupants influences the desire to make changes.
The mass configuration of the building and the hierarchy of areas influence the basic concepts of sacred and profane in the figure above. The dynamic in question transforms spatial and constructional configurations, usually in the direction and area of the profane, the nista and the teben. The addition of space horizontally or vertically occurs in the starting area, while the utama area does not experience additional space.
Economic perspectives on changes in the architecture of Balinese ethnic houses The rising level of the population's economy is generally accompanied by a more luxurious consumption than everyday needs. The human attitude of the sacred and profane zone and the perspective of buildings with godly and primary identities are still believed today. The influence of architectural trends among Denpasar people forms a dualistic mindset between buildings in the utama zone or luan (high value space) and buildings in the nista or teben area (low value space).
Buildings in a prime location (Bale Daja and Bale Kangin) receive more attention than grand and luxurious buildings. The contrast between soba utama (high value) and nita (low value) in the arrangement of the sanga mandala is still clearly visible.
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ARTEKS : Journal of Architectural Engineering
Architectural Research
Dualism in the transformation
I Kadek Merta Wijaya, I Nyoman Warnata, Ni Wayan Meidayanti Mustika
Volume 7, Issue 3 [2022], Pages 289-300
December 30, 2022 doi: 10.30822/arteks.v7i3.1225
